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1、Phonetic symbols音标,Nicole,国际音标,元音,分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。,单元音,双元音,前元音,中元音,后元音,/i:/,/,/e/,/,/:/,/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,辅音,爆破音,磨檫音,鼻音,半元音,舌边音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/m/,/n/,/,/l/,/w/,/j/,Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音
2、）,前元音：/i:/,/,/e/,/,发单元音时应注意的事项：,1.舌前部在活动2.舌端抵下齿3.从/i:/i/e/口形渐大,/i:/,例词：he sea tree 短语：green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句：A:Would you like coffee or tea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.I have tea,too.,/-/i/,例词：pin ship hill chicks短语：a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句：A:Is Lily
3、 in?B:Lily is ill in bed.C:Oh,Im sorry.,/e/-/,例词：pen head leg well短语：ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句：A:How did you spend your holiday?B:I went to Beijing.A:Was it expensive?B:Yes,very.,/,例词：apple lantern hand parachute短语：black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of fact例句：A:A
4、nn is traveling to Japan.B:How happy she is!A:She is very happy.,Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）,中元音：/:/,/,/,发中元音时应注意：,1.舌中部隆起2.舌端轻抵 下齿3./:/口形渐大,/:/-/:/,例词：girl bird work turn短语：early bird Thursday work thirsty person perfect search例句：A:He always arrives work early.B:But he wasnt early this morning.A:Yo
5、u werent early either.,/,例词：teacher picture breakfast welcome短语：a glass of water a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句：A:look at the clock！B:whats the time?A:its a quarter to seven,/,例词：cup run jump flood短语：hurry up!trust us!rubbish number mustnt worry例句：A:Its sunny today.B:Ye
6、s,isnt it.A:My uncle will go to London next Monday.B:How lucky he is!,Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）,后元音：/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,后元音发音要领：,1.舌后部用力2.舌尖离开下齿龈3./u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/口形渐 大,/u:/,例词：zoo who food blue短语：a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句：A:Look at my new shoes?B:Oh,they are beautiful.
7、A:Your boots are beautiful,too.,/,例词：foot wood book push短语：good cook good book couldnt look pudding without sugar例句：A:Where did you put the book?B:Which book?A:The book you bought yesterday.,/:/,例词：fork ball morning airport短语：four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句：A:I see two childre
8、n on the blackboard.B:He is short.A:She is shorter.,/-/,例词：cock shop job hospital短语：hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot例句：A:I have a bad cough.B:You must see a doctor.A:Yes,I must go to the hospital.,/:/,例词：car garden star guitar短语：fast car half park heart transplant stars and bars例句：A:You l
9、ook very smart today.B:Thank you.C:What a marvelous dancer you are.Let me take a photograph of you.,Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,双元音发音要领：,1.口形、舌位有变化 发单元音时口形、舌位自始至终保持不变。双元音是由两个不同的元音组成的，例如/ai/,从第一个元音/a/过度到/i/,口形和舌位都有变化：由口形较大、舌位较低的/a/音过度到口形较小、舌位较高的/i/音。其它七个双元音也一样，发音时口形舌位都有不同成度的变化。
10、2.前长后短 双元音中两个元音的长度（音长）也不相等。第一个比第二个长些，约为三比一。3.前重后轻 发第一个元音时要多使点劲儿，但必须注意不要把两个元音分裂成一个强音、一个弱音来念，而是由强而渐弱。,双元音发音要领：,4.两音密合，一气呵成 由第一个元音到第二个元音是一个滑动的过程，中间不容停顿，不可把两个音分开来念。5.前音清楚，后音模糊 双元音中的第一个元音发音清楚响亮，向第二个音滑动时，在尚未到达第二个元音的发音部位时滑动即可停止，不必把第二个音象单独发音时念得那么 清楚。这一点非常重要。常听到一些同学把/ai/念成“阿姨”，就是因为把/i/念得太清楚了，甚至跑过了头，越境而入/i:/的
11、领域了。,/e/-/ei/,例词：face rain cake wait短语：eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句：A:Its my birthday today.B:Happy birthdayA:Thank you.Come to my birthday party.And dont be late.,/a/-/ai/,例词：sky kite write bicycle短语:white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句：A:Its a fine day toda
12、y.The sun is shining brightly.B:Yes,I feel hot.I like an ice-cream now.A:Yes,I do,too.,/-/i/,例词：boy boil noise coin短语：a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyces boyfriend例句：A:Look at my toy gun.B:Oh,what a good toy!A:Shall we join our friends in the garden?B:Yes,lets go.,/-/v/,例词：coast throw
13、boat toe短语：Joes coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball例句：A:Look!He has a boat.B:Is he going to row?A:I think so.,/a/-/av/,例词：cow house mouth trousers短语：shout out brown mouse down town round flower例句：A:Is she milking the cow?B:Yes,she is.A:Is the cow in he house?B:No.She is on the dai
14、ry farm.,/-/i/,例词：ear idea zero beard短语：the atmosphere here queer 古怪的skier Weary疲乏 mountaineer experienced engineer例句：A:Lets have some beer here.B:What a good idea!A:What shall we do after having beer?B:We shall go to the theatre.,/e/-/,例词：hair bare pear chair短语：millionaires theirs mayors parentssqu
15、are chairs careful librarian例句：A:Where is my pen?B:Its over there on the chair.A:Thank you.Its really there.,/-/v/,例词：tour poor sure gourd/g d/葫芦短语：poor tourists tour from China carm jury陪审团 European jewel例句：A:I received a letter from my uncle.Hes sick with influenza.B:Im sorry.Is he still in Europe
16、.A:Yes.Hes still working in London.B:He must speak fluent English.,Consonants（辅音）英语辅音的发音特点,1.气流受阻，从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍（元音发音不受阻碍）。2.气流较强（元音气流较弱）3.阻碍部分肌肉紧张（元音发音时均衡地保持紧张）4.有清浊之分。,英语辅音的发音可以分别从”发音部位”和发音方法”两方面来学习。,1.发音部位：所谓”发音部位”是指气流受到阻碍的地方，也就是两个发音器官为了影响气流而构成的各种阻碍的部位。例如：发/p/b/时双唇先要紧闭，形成阻碍，发/f/v/时下唇接触上齿形成
17、阻碍等等。,英语辅音按发音部位可分成：双唇音：/p,b,m,w/唇齿音：/f,v/舌齿音：/,/舌龈音：/t,d,s,z,n,l/齿龈后部音：/,r,j/舌后软腭音：/k,g，/声门音：/h/,2.发音方法：是指气流通过阻碍时所使用的不同方法（及其造成的听觉印象）。例如：发/p,t,k/时气流通过阻碍部位时所发出的爆破声，发/s,z,f/时气流从阻碍部位的缝隙中挤出，发出摩擦的声音等等。英语辅音按发音方法可分成：,爆破音：/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/摩擦音：f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/r/破擦音：/,/鼻音：/m/,/n/,/舌侧音：/l/半元音：
18、/j/,/w/,Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/p/,例词：pig people pull put短语：pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句：A:Do you collect stamps?B:Yes,I do.A:Will you show me your stamp album?B:Yes,they are upstairs.Let me go and fetch them.,/b/,例词：bus bed breakfast banana
19、短语：Big Ben a big bottle beautiful baby blue butterflies例句：A:Is this your handbag?B:No,it isnt my handbag is not brown.A:What color is your handbag?B:Its black.,/t/,例词：table tall take telephone短语：ten teachers travel by train want a rabbit two trees例句：A:Im hungry.I want something to eat.B:What about s
20、ome tomatoes?Lets go to the restaurant!A:Yes,lets go.,/d/,例词：door doctor head would短语：dear daughter red door played cards listened to the radio例句：A:What did you do last night？B:I studied last night.A:Did you study all night?B:No,I didnt.I listened to the radio for some time.,/k/,例词：car duck clock pa
21、rk短语：the back of the car ask question a quarter to six a cool cleaner例句：A:I like cheap cakes.B:You do?Do you often have cheap cakes?A:Yes,I do.B:If you want to keep fit,dont eat too many cheap cakes.,/g/,例词：bag dog goat green短语：good girl go to the grandpas as good as gold get a girl例句：A:Can you play
22、 the guitar?B:Yes,I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night.A:You must have had a good time last night.,Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）,/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/,/,/r/,/f/,例词：friend fat fish family短语：five flowers fast food fathers face feel fine例句：A:Look
23、 at Freda!She is fifty.B:Her hat is funny.A:Look at her fur coat.Its famous.,/v/,例词:drive village very vest短语：lovely view village vet 兽医 leaving arriving leaves of the vine藤、葡例句：A:Whos driving the van?B:I think victor is.获胜者 A:Who is victor?B:He is my new neighbor,he has lived here for only a few mo
24、nths.,/,例词：thank month thin thirty短语：three thinkers Marthas birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians例句：A:My father is a mathematician.B:No wonder you are good at mathematics.A:To tell you the truth,my father never teaches me math.,/,例词：father there that this短语：smooth leather get together better
25、 than others another brother例句：A:Lily is taller than Mary.B:But Mary is slimmer than Lily.A:Look at them.Theyre doing physical exercise together.,/s/,例词：sun small horse bicycle短语：sleep soundly expensive cigarettes some books sit in the sun例句：A:These are cups.B:Those are saucers.茶碟 A:Theyre nice cups
26、 and saucers.,/z/,例词：zoo prize bees nose短语：jazz music close the windows these days zero animal例句：A:Lets go to the zoo.B:Good.I like looking at the zebras.C:I like the monkeys there.Lets go.,/,例词：fish sugar shoe shop短语：fashion shops friendship association社团 British shoes washing machine例句：A:This shop
27、 sells washing-machines.B:Do they sell air-conditioners,too.A:Sure.,/,例词：garage pleasure measure collision短语：an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure例句：A:Lily likes clothes for casual随便的 wear.B:Clothes for casual wear are comfortable,A:I like to wear them in my leisure time
28、.,/h/,例词：hat hard hen high 短语：heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy honeymoon蜜月期 例句：A:There was a car accident here last Sunday.B:Oh,its horrible!A:Were you here when the accident happened?B:No,I only heard about it.,/,例词：cheek chicken church watch短语：Chinese chess which butcher chicken and ch
29、ips change much例句：A:Where are the two children?B:Theyre having lunch.A:Here are some cherries 樱桃for them.B:Thank you very much.,/,例词：jeep jar orange bridge 短语：a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orange juice 例句：A:I have an orange.B:Oh,your orange is large.Look!Ive got a large sandwich.
30、A:Yes,it is a very large one.,/r/,例词：rose lorry卡车 rubber rocket短语：American waitress a married secretary grown up children French restaurant例句：A:Rose works as a secretary at the railway station.B:She does?She is a very pretty girl.A:Yes,very.,Consonants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音）,/m/,/n/,/,/m/,例词：moon home medic
31、ine mountain短语：man-made make a mistake come tomorrow middle name例句：A:Mum has come back home.B:Marvelous.A:Mom says well go and see a movie tonight.B:Yes,we certainly will.,/n/,例词：neck tin night noise短语：neat brandy白兰地酒 a negative answer telephone number harden the neck例词：A:What a nice postcard of the
32、 Grand Canyon!B:They are wonderful.峡谷A:Who sent it to you?B:A friend of mine.,/,例词：ink ring sing monkey短语：ring-ding开朗的 rising diphthong双元音 strong string playing ping-pang例句：A:Do you like drinking tea?B:Yes,I do.A:We are advised to drink more tea than coffee.B:Tea is good for health.,Consonants（辅音）-l
33、ateral（舌侧音）,/l/,/l/,例词：black light jelly全身发软 lemon短语：early for lunch leg of lamb a glass of lemonade柠檬汽水 yellow jelly例句：A:Mum,is lunch ready?Im hungry.B:OK,lunch is ready.A:Whats for lunch,Mum?B:Well have lamb and potato salad.,1.Red lorry,yellow lorry,red lorry,yellow lorry.2.Lets look for leaves i
34、n the large lake with a long ladder.,Tongue twisters,Consonants（辅音）-semi-vowels（半元音）,/j/,/w/,/j/,例词：yellow yacht快游艇 yolk蛋黄 year短语：yolk yellow new years day new York university a tough onion坚硬、老例句：A:My brother was a music student.B:What does he do now?A:He is now in Europe working as a business man.,
35、/w/,例词：week whale win window 短语：weight watcher weave织 a web weeping willow wet wind例句：树枝低垂的 A:Dont look out of the window.B:Oh,Im sorry,Im thinking of my dog.Today is a wet day.A:Do you think your dog will be lost in the woods on a wet day?,辅音字母的读音规则,单个辅音字母的发音可以归纳为下面两种：1）只发一个音的字母,注：1）字母f 在个别情况下念，如of
36、/v,v/2)字母 h在某些单词中不发音，如hour/a/3）字母 q很少单独出现，常和字母 u结合，念作/kw/如quick/kwik/。,Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）,/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,students coats cats boats,/dz/,heads reads beds hands,/tr/,tree truck train trace追踪,/dr/,dress drink drain流干喝光排水管 dream,两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化sp sb st sd sk sg,speak spit spy study star start sky school screen,
