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1、,English Lexicology,English Lexicology,Teaching hours:32hr/16weeksFinal score:100 points-30 points(attendance,class performance)-70 points test,Chapter One Introduction,Main contents:1.definition of lexicology,word,vocabulary2.development of English vocabulary 3.reasons for the rapid growth of prese
2、nt-day English vocabulary 4.significance of English lexicology5.contents of English lexicology,1.lexicology-a branch of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of language,2.word-the basic unit of speech and minimal free form which has a gi
3、ven sound and meaning and grammatical function,3.vocabulary(lexis/lexicon)-all the words in a language together#Vocabulary of a person Speaking vocabulary Writing vocabulary Reading vocabulary Guess vocabulary,3.1 The development/evolution of English vocabulary a.old English(450-1150)b.middle Englis
4、h(1150-1500)c.modern English(1500-present),3.2 Reasons for the rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary a.political reason:arm race Bushism sit-in chairperson chairwoman,b.economic reason:Euro Electronic Fund Transfer Automatic Teller Machine c.scientific reason:behavior science bionics readou
5、t e-mail Internet,d.culture reason:Open University talk show surf-riding sky ridinge.influence of other cultures and languages maotai chopsticks sputnik,4.significance of English lexicologyenlarge your vocabulary develop your ability to guess the meaning of words become aware of word meanings in dif
6、ferent contexts and to use words correctly,5.Contents of lexicology 1.)classification of English words 2.)morphological structures of English words 3.)word formation4.)motivation5.)sense relation between words6.)meaning and context 7.)changes in word meaning8.)English idioms9.)American English,Chapt
7、er Two classification of English words,Main contents:1.words classified by origin2.words classified by level of usage3.words classified by notion,Aim of learning the sources of English words-understand the historical development of English words-know the characteristics of both native and foreign el
8、ements-know how to use words properly-know how to appreciate words used in different discourses,1.(Words classified by origin)(sources of English vocabulary)Elements making up the English vocabulary,70%,30%,Native elements,Native elements denote words of Anglo-Saxon origin.They belong to original En
9、glish stock.(about 30%),characteristics of native elements-all-national character-great stability-word-forming ability-wide collocability-plurality of meanings-stylistically neutral,foreign elements,(loan-words/borrowed words borrowings/aliens)Foreign elements refer to words taken over from any othe
10、r languages.(about 70%),(Latin,Greek,French,Russian,Chinese,etc.)ways for loan-words to come into the language-through oral speech-through written books,kinds of foreign elements(a)Denizens归化词-words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language,e.g.:call,die,husba
11、nd,(b)Aliens舶来词-borrowed words which have kept their original pronunciation and spelling,e.g.:coup detat vis-vis de luxe,(c)-Translation-loans仿译词-words and expressions borrowed from the material already existing in the English language but according to patterns taken from another language by way of
12、literal morpheme-for-morpheme translation,e.g.:black humor-humour noir,borrowings from Chinese in English（5%）（about 100）,politics:yamen paper tiger the big leap forwardHistorical figures:Mencius Confucian Chiang Kai-shek,Culture:Tai Chi,Wushu Kunfu,typhoon chin-chin,kwai-tse chi,feng shui iron-rice
13、bowl xiahai,Food and drinks soy,chow mein,chou fan lo mein,moo goo gai pan tofu Plantslitchi,mango,kaoliang,ginseng,Others:mahjiang,silk,wok,kang,yuan,jiao,fen,coolie,kow tow,shanghai,Borrowings from English in Chinese language,politics:民主democracyscience:声纳-sonar,dance:探戈-tangodaily life:的士 taxi，三明
14、治-sandwich,2)words classified by level of usage mon(popular)words-cover ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday life-stylistically neutral and used both on formal or informal occasion.,b.literary words-mainly used on formal occasion,especially in writing.c.colloquial words-commonly used
15、in spoken English,as in conversations among friends.d.technical words-used in various special fields such as in art,sports,scientific fields,etc.,3.)words classified by notion-content words-function words,Discussion:1.Why do we say English is a heavy borrower?2.Enumerate the causes for the rapid growth of neologism after WW II.*3.Comment on language contact.,3.Explain the origins of the words son,horse,snow,home,court,crown,authority,confessionKimono,tycoon typhoon,China,kaoliangCzargeometry,tragedy,
