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1、连词,光明中学高三英语备课组 易文辉,考点解密,在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词，都是两小题，占语法填空的五分之一，是考查的一个重要项目，具体考点有以下4大点：,考点1：并列连词,注：(1)when作并列连词，主要用于was/were doing sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb.did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。(2)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，
2、祈使句表示条件，and/or后的句子表示结果。,考点2：引导状语从句的连词,考点3：引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些从句的连词有：(1)连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。(2)连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。,(3)连接代词：who(m),whose,which,what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。其中what除有“什么”“多么”外，还有“所的”之意，相当于the thing(s)that。(4)连接副词：when,where,
3、why,how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。(5)whoever,whatever,whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论/不管”。,考点4：引导定语从句的关系词定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词及使用场合如下表：,注：(1)先行词是occasion常用when，先行词是case,situation,scenes等时常用where。(2)关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。(3)以下情况只能用that引导定语从句：,当先行词是指物的all,little,f
4、ew,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,the one时，或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、最高级形容词及the only,the very等修饰时。先行词包括人和物时。当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。,(4)不能用that引导定语从句的情况在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom,whose或which，且不能省略。
5、当先行词是指人的all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,those,people,he等时，只能用who。当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。(5)在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。,若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据某人从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语
6、从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词，若在从句中作主语和宾语，用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。,解题技巧,例1One day,he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck(拔)up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.（2008年广东）,实例剖析,分析：因he came和he would pluck是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因为“他想把禾苗拔几寸”就是“主意(idea)”的具体内容，可见后句是同位语从句；由于
7、该从句不缺任何句子成分，并且意义已非常完整了，故填that。,例2He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,37 he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”higher.(2008广东),分析：因和he was和he felt是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间是逗号，而不是句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因“很累”与“高兴”之间是转折关系，故填并例连词but。,例3I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were
8、arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.(2007广东),分析：因to是介词，介词后一定是接宾语；又因should have可知是一个从句来作to的宾语，即宾语从句；由句式结构可知，空格处一定是填作主语的连接代词，能“有幸接待我”的应是人，故填who。,例4the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 3
9、6 there was a garage.(2007广东),分析：因前后两个句子之间没有分号或句号，也缺少连词，一定是填连词；由句子之间的关系和句意可知，在大约20公里远的那个小镇上有修理厂，由此判断后一句是定语从句，a small town是先行词，且在从句中作状语，故填关系副词where。,考点击破,一、单句填空：用适当的连词填空。并 列 句1.I thought youd be late for the concert,_ we ended up getting there ahead of time.(湖南)2.Stand over there _ youll be able to s
10、ee the oil painting better.(全国)3.He found it increasingly difficult to read,_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(山东)4.The artist was born poor,_ poor he remained all his life.(重庆),but,and,for,and,5.In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.(四川)6.You
11、 have failed two tests.Youd better start working harder,_ you wont pass the course.(北京)7.Reality is not the way you wish things to be,nor the way they appear to be,_ the way they actually are.(湖南),while,or,but,8.Between the two generations,it is often not their age,_ their education that causes misu
12、nderstanding.(全国I)9.He was about halfway through his meal_a familiar voice came to his ears.(辽宁)10.I grew up in Africa _ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.(辽宁),but,when,or,名 词 性 从 句11.The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the b
13、est means of transport in the 21st century.(北京)12._ was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(山东)13.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.(浙江),what,What,what,14.Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea _ the
14、party is to be held?(陕西)15.The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper.(上海)16.The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.(天津)17._ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(浙江),where,that,when,Whoever,18.Having checked the doo
15、rs were closed,and _ all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.(湖南)19.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.(天津)20.Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?Thats _ the best jobs are.(浙江),that,how,where,定语从句21.The Science Museum
16、,_ we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.(江苏)22.Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.(浙江)23.All the neighbors admire this family,_ the parents are treating their child like a friend.(安徽),which,which,where,24.
17、The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,most of _ are beyond our control.(湖南)25.The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands of _ were made of small diamonds.(陕西)26.The road conditions there turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.(全国)27.We shouldnt spend ou
18、r money testing so many people,most of _ are healthy.(北京)28.Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with any kids.(山东),which,which,which,whom,when,29.They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days.(重庆)30.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to reade
19、rs _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(江西)31.The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago.(福建)32.After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do.(江西),where,where,where,where,33.Those successful deaf dancers think that dan
20、cing is an activity _ sight(看到)matters more than hearing.(天津)34.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,neither of _ wanted to buy it.(安徽)35.It is reported that two schools,both of _ are being built in my hometown,will open next year.(四川),where,whom,which,状 语 从 句36.Nancy enjoyed herself
21、so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.(福建)37.Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back.(北京)38.The research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time _ we meet them again.(安徽)39.-Did you return Freds call?-I didnt need to
22、_ Ill see him tomorrow.(北京),when,before,before,because,40.-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?-He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.(四川)41.“You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,”the old man said firmly.(广东)42.Youd better not leave the medicine
23、 _ kids can get at it.(山东)43.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.(重庆),before,until,where,if,44.In peace,too,the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering.(江西)45.A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more
24、space for baggage.(全国)46._ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.(全国II)47.You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.(福建),wherever,unless,If,once/if,48.His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it.(陕西)49._ the Internet is of great help,I dont think its
25、a good idea to spend too much time on it.(湖南)50.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,even _ they knew it to be valuable.(浙江)51._ hungry I am,I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.(辽宁),that,Although/Though/While,though/if,However,52.The lawyer rarely wears anything other th
26、an jeans and a T-shirt _ the season is.(宁夏)53.All people,_ they are old or young,rich or poor,have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.(重庆)54.Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.(山东)55.Dont promise anything _ you are one hundred percent sure.(2008浙江卷),whatever
27、,whether,what,unless,十一 水火不容的连词（一）Although(Though)与But和However although/though位于句首时，不能与but或however连用，但能与yet或still连用。例如：Though/Although he is in poor health,he still goes on with his work.=He is in poor health,but he still goes on with his work.虽然他身体不好，但他仍然继续工作。Although I gave him all he asked for,ye
28、t he was not satisfied.虽然我给了他所需要的一切，但他仍然不满足。（二）Because/As/Since 与Sobecause/as/since 引导原因状语从句时，不与so连用，两者只取其一。例如：Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.=He was ill,so he didnt go to school.因为他病了，所以他没上学。（不用so he didnt）（三）unless与orUnless you work hard at your lessons,you will fail in the exam.=You mus
29、t work hard at your lessons,or you will fail in the exam.除非你努力学习，否则你考试就会不及格。（四）Excuse与 Andexcuse不能与and连用，但能与but连用。例如：Excuse me,but I dont think that statement is quite true.对不起，不过我认为那话不十分真实。（不能用and代替but）（五）While与but当while用作从属连词，用于句首引导让步状语从句，是“虽然、尽管”之意时，不与but 连用。例如：While my mother loves me very much,
30、she is strict with me.尽管我妈妈很爱我，但她严格要求我。,作连词的名词或副词词组1名词词组或副词：the moment,the minute,the instant,directly,instantly,immediately充当连接词引导时间状语从句，意为“一（刚）就”。The moment/minute he finished his work,the bell rang.他刚做完工作，铃就响了。Directly he came in,he knew something had happened.他一进来就知道出了什么事。The patient should be s
31、eparated immediately the disease is suspected.一旦怀疑患有此病，病人就应立刻被隔离。2由the first(second/last next)time;by the time/each time引导的时间状语从句，意思是“时”。也可用“the time+定语从句”的句型。The second（last)time we met,he replied to a lot of questions.我们第二次（最后一次）会面时，他回答了许多问题。（The second（last time）we met是时间状语从句）Do you still remembe
32、r the first time we met?你还记得我们第一次见面的情景吗？（we met是定语从句）,“一就”的多种表达方式as soon ashardly.when.no sooner.than.scarcely.when.,二、语篇填空：阅读下列短文，在空格处填上适当的介词。My mother insisted 1_everyone in her life treat her with respect.2_she wasnt wealthy3 _well educated,my mother not only understood and appreciated her value,
33、4_believed in it strongly.5 _she learned my father was cheating on her,she insisted6 _he move out of our home.Not the next day or the next week.To me,that,Though,or,but(also),When,that,as a child,7_she refusal to take my father back seemed harsh（严酷,恶劣）,even cruel.As a woman,however,I have come to understand it.For my mother,putting Daddy out of the house 8_ her life wasnt about pride;it was about principle.The one had always lived by.The one9 _ she believed in with all her heart:No one was going to love and respect you 10_ you loved and respected yourself.,that,and,who/whom,unless,
