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1、福建省推理公式计算设计洪水手册一、基本公式:推理公式是无资料地区由暴雨推求洪水比较常用的方法，我省中小型水利工程设计洪水的计算也通常采用这种方法（一般在流域面积200km2以下采用）。它是假定汇流时间内降雨强度是均匀，并将汇形面积曲线概化为矩形，导出如下计算公式：当c7时，即全面汇流情况下，R,11=0.278F（1）当心r时，即部分汇流情况下，RRQn=0.278FtC=0.278Ftc式中：0”为地表净峰流量（m3s）,F为流域面积（km?）,RC为成峰的产流面积（即与tc相应的部份面积中最大的一块，km?）；t为流域汇流历时（小时）；tc为地表产流历时（小时）：Rr为汇流历时内的最大地表
2、净雨量（毫米）；R”为产流历时内的地表净雨量（毫米）；0.278为换算系数。二、设计暴雨的计算1、查图法计算设计暴雨（1）查算设计流域各种历时的暴雨参数：根据设计流域所在地点，应用年最大各种历时的降雨量均值等值线图和变差系数等值线图，按地理内插法读取流域中心点的暴雨参数值，如果流域内有两条以上等值线通过，可按面积加权法计算。（2）计算设计频率的各种历时降雨量：根据上步查算的各种历时降雨量的变差系数CV值,从皮尔逊川型曲线的模比系数KP值表中（CsCv=35）分别读取设计频率P的KP值，乘以相应的历时降雨量均值即得。（3）计算各种历时的面雨量：根据设计流域的面积和降雨历时，查读暴雨点面关系表（附
3、表1）,得暴雨点面折算系数,乘以相应的点雨量即得（流域面积在IOkm2以下直接采用点雨量，不打折扣）。（4）推求设计雨量的时程分配：把上面所求的设计降雨量代入24小时（或三天）的设计雨型表（附表3）,即得设计雨量的时程分配。（5）设计净雨的计算：24小时的设计雨量不扣损，直接用设计雨量过程作为设计净雨过程。2、参证站法计算设计暴雨（1）选择在设计流域内或附近有实测短历时暴雨的雨量站为参证站，根据参证站实测各短历时（1小时、3小时、6小时、24小时）的暴雨资料，用经验公式计算其频率，皮尔逊川型曲线适线，计算各短历时暴雨设计参数，得到各频率的设计暴雨量。（2）设计流域的点、面雨量换算：根据设计流域
4、的面积和设计暴雨历时，查读暴雨点面关系表（附表1）,得暴雨点面折算系数a。用折算系数a乘以参证站相应的点雨量，即得设计流域的面雨量（流域面积在IOkm2以下直接采用点雨量，不打折扣）。（3）推求设计雨量的时程分配：把上面所求的设计降雨量代入24小时（或三天）的设计雨型表（附表3）,即得设计雨量的时程分配。（4）设计净雨的计算：24小时的设计雨量不扣损，直接用设计雨量过程作为设计净雨过程。三、地理参数计算1、河长L河长L为流域的分水岭至出口断面的总长度（单位：km）,有多条支流时，应选择做为河源的支流量测其河长。2、河道平均坡降J河道平均坡降J为自分水岭至出口断面的河道平均比降（单位：。）。计算
5、方法：用相应比例的地图（1：1万或1：5万）分别做出各等高线与河流的正交点位置，从出口断面开始，分别列出各正交点的高程、九、h2,以及各正交点之间的距离4、4，然后用下列公式计算流域平均坡降Joj=（4+4）/+（4+2）1+（4-1+儿乂-2hJX000%。一四、雨力SP及暴雨递减系数的计算雨力SP即为t=小时的雨强,Sp=R24.p*24n,o暴雨递减系数分为、%，其中多为1小时以内暴雨递减系数，%为24小时暴雨递减系数。推理公式计算设计洪水时所采用的为2,即为124小时的暴雨递减系数。M2可用下式计算，也可查2等值线图。iga.p-ig%。1111一2Ig24式中：44为参证点设计频率的
6、最大24小时降雨的雨强，即。2切=等，%,p=+0五、设计洪峰流量及洪水过程线计算：1、试算法计算地表洪峰流量计算公式Q,“=0.278哈F式中：为径流系数；SP为雨力；厂为汇流时间。计算步骤：(1)汇流历时汇的计算：0.278L=(2)计算汇流参数m值：先确定流域所在的汇流分区，由设计流域的特征参数F(km?)、1.(km)、J(%o)计算。=邛不，而后根据。值及设计流域所在分区，用下式计算汇流/户参数m值：沿海821.5时，6=0.053。809；。1.5时，/n=O.O6390384内陆921.5时，机=0.0396力2；61.5时，zw=0.0450335另外漳州地区汇流参数m值计算公
7、式：m=O.O56067z时(一般情况时)；=-n；r=2i78li；m=0.278-FSP而侬计算方法是假定一个7,代入式和式，求出2.，再用式求出一,当Z时,得出的Q,”、/即为所求值，否则重复上述步骤，直至符合要求。式中：L为自分水岭至出口断面的河道长度(km)J为自分水岭至出口断面的河道比降(。)n为24小时暴雨递减系数。2、计算设计地表洪水过程线(1)把上述计算的24小时设计净雨过程，用/c值将各时段的净雨Hj分割成地表净雨R知和地下净雨RFj两个部分，可列表计算。其中Rvi=-fctPi若计算结果R下户与时，则取R卜产，R表产式中：Rj为时段净雨；E为总净雨；A为稳定下渗率；At为
8、净雨时段数(2)计算地表和地下设计洪量：分别由地表和地下净雨求得。地表洪量WLlOOOxR表XF(11P)地下洪量Wb=1000RFF(m3)(3)计算地表洪水过程线：先计算地表洪水过程线的形状系数7=乜，式中2表XTx3600T是地表洪水过程线的底宽，24小时设计雨量固定为50小时，3天设计雨量固定为80小时。然后根据/值查yt*关系表(附表6)的涨水部份和退水部份各个时刻t所对应的Ytn*%值，乘以地表洪峰流量Qm表即得。3、计算地下洪水过程线将地下洪量W卜按等腰三角形分配，其底宽是地表洪水过程线底宽的两倍。地下洪峰流w量计算公式：QM下=，式中T为50小时。地下洪峰流量出现在地表洪水过程
9、线的50小时处，地下洪水过程线底宽是地表洪水过程线底宽的两倍即为100小时。所以按等腰三角形进行各时刻地下洪水流量分配，即可求得地下洪水过程线。4、计算设计总洪水过程线根据前面求得地表和地下洪水过程线，将地下洪水过程线的Qmv置于地表洪水过程线的终止点，其起涨点和地表洪水过程线的起涨点重合，中间过程按宜线内插，然后把同时刻的流量叠加即得。O20406080100120140160180200220240300400500700100O11.0000.9450.9110.8840.8640.8470.8340.8230.8150.8070.80.7950.7900.7760.7570.7410.
10、7120.67331.0000.9600.9310.9100.8930.8790.8670.8580.8510.8450.8400.8350.8300.8170.7980.7820.7530.71361.0000.9770.9570.9420.9280.9170.9070.8990.8920.8860.8810.8750.8710.8580.8390.8230.7930.753121.000.0.9860.9720.9610.9510.9430.9350.9280.9210.9150.9100.9050.9010.8890.8720.8580.8310.793241.0000.9910.983
11、0.9750.9690.9640.9590.9530.9490.9440.9400.9360.9330.9230.9090.8950.8690.8333天1.0000.9950.9900.9850.9810.9770.9730.9700.9670.9650.9630.9600.9580.9500.9380.9270.9060.877附表1福建省暴雨点面关系表设计暴雨的0/T关系表福建省最大24小时降雨概化过程线附表2时间123456789101112%3%R24-Rft3%R24-Rf)3%R24-R63%R24-R4%R24-Rf4%R24-R67%R24-Rft7%R24-R67%R24-
12、R67%R24-R67%R24-R67%R24-R6时间131415161718192021222324%50%R3-R150%R3-Ri100%Ri33%R6-R333%R6-R334%R6-R37%R24-R67%R24-R66%RWR66%R24-R66%R24-R66%RWR6福建省最大三天（包括最大24小时）设计雨型表附表3日程第一天第二天（最大24小时）第三天时段历时（小时）66666621366666占Hl%100占(H3-H1)%100占(H6-H3)%100占(H24-H6)%204238占(H3天-H24)%O1015202520100福建省次净雨强度i与稳定入渗率/c相关
13、表附表4单位：亳米/小时一0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9O0.00.00.10.10.20.20.30.30.40.410.50.50.60.60.70.70.80.80.90.920.91.01.01.11.11.21.21.21.31.331.41.41.41.51.51.61.61.61.71.741.81.81.81.91.92.02.02.02.12.152.12.22.22.22.32.32.42.42.42.562.52.52.62.62.62.72.72.72.82.872.82.92.92.93.03.03.03.13.13.183.23.23.
14、23.33.33.33.43.43.43.493.53.53.53.63.63.63.73.73.73.8103.83.83.83.93.93.93.94.04.04.0114.14.14.14.14.24.24.24.24.34.3124.34.44.44.44.44.54.54.54.54.6134.64.64.64.74.74.74.74.84.84.8144.94.94.94.95.05.05.05.05.15.1155.15.15.25.25.25.25.35.35.35.3165.45.45.45.45.55.55.55.55.65.6175.65.65.65.75.75.75.7
15、5.85.85.8185.85.95.95.95.96.06.06.06.06.1196.16.16.16.26.26.26.26.26.36.3206.36.36.46.46.46.46.56.56.56.5216.66.66.66.66.66.76.76.76.76.8226.86.86.86.86.96.96.96.97.07.0237.07.07.17.17.17.17.17.27.27.2247.27.37.37.37.37.37.47.47.47.40.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9257.57.57.57.57.57.67.67.67.67.6267.7
16、7.77.77.77.87.87.87.87.87.9277.97.97.97.98.08.08.08.08.08.1288.18.18.18.28.28.28.28.28.38.3298.38.38.38.48.48.48.48.48.58.5308.58.58.58.68.68.68.68.68.78.7318.78.78.78.88.88.88.88.88.98.9328.98.98.99.09.09.09.09.09.19.1339.19.19.19.19.29.29.29.29.29.3349.39.39.39.39.49.49.49.49.49.4359.59.59.59.59.5
17、9.69.69.69.69.6369.69.79.79.79.79.79.79.89.89.8379.89.89.99.99.99.99.99.910.010.03810.010.010.010.010.110.110.110.110.110.13910.210.210.210.210.210.210.310.310.310.34010.310.310.410.410.410.410.410.410.410.54110.510.510.510.510.510.610.610.610.610.64210.610.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.810.84310.810.
18、810.810.810.910.910.910.910.910.94410.911.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.111.14511.111.111.111.111.111.211.211.211.211.24611.211.2II.211.311.311.311.311.3II.311.34711.411.411.411.411.411.411.411.511.511.54811.511.511.511.511.511.611.611.611.611.64911.611.611.611.7il.711.711.711.711.711.75011.70.050.060
19、.070.080.090.100.110.120.130.140.150.16O00000000000030.50.70.91.11.41.72.02.32.73.03.33.661.52.02.53.23.94.55.25.86.57.38.18.8涨71.92.63.34.14.85.66.47.28.08.99.710.582.43.34.15.05.96.87.78.69.510.511.412.4水93.04.05.06.06.98.09.010.111.112.213.314.4103.74.85.97.18.29.410.511.813.014.215.416.7部114.55.
20、87.18.49.611.012.413.715.116.618.019.5125.57.08.510.011.513.114.716.317.919.621.222.9分136.98.810.612.314.116.017.819.621.423.225.026.91411.113.616.118.520.923.425.828.230.432.534.536.41520.624.528.432.235.939.543.146.449.752.855.959.015.538.544.049.655.160.465.269.372.875.577.980.382.5洪峰16100.0100.0
21、100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.016.559.663.467.370.974.677.279.881.883.584.886.187.41737.042.347.452.257.160.964.367.269.771.873.975.6退1819.022.826.530.233.937.541.144.648.051.254.357.01910.614.117.520.924.327.731.034.137.139.742.344.7水206.89.812.915.818.821.824.727.430.132.534.837
22、.2215.07.610.212.815.418.020.522.825.127.229.331.4部223.96.28.510.712.915.217.519.621.723.725.727.7233.15.17.29.111.113.015.117.119.121.022.824.6分242.54.25.97.69.411.112.914.716.418.219.921.6252.03.55.06.58.09.511.112.814.516.017.419.0261.73.04.25.46.78.19.611.012.413.815.216.6附表524小时暴雨洪水概化过程线系数表300.
23、81.21.62.02.42.93.44.25.16.27.38.4350.40.50.60.70.81.01.21.62.12.73.44.1400.20.20.30.40.50.60.80.91.11.31.61.9450.10.10.10.20.20.20.20.30.30.40.50.75000000000000024小时暴雨洪水概化过程线系数表附表50.170.180.190.200.210.220.230.240.250.26.0.270.28000000000000034.04.44.85.15.55.96.26.67.07.47.78.169.410.110.711.412.1
24、12.713.414.014.715.416.116.8涨711312.112.913.714.415.216.016.717.518.319.119.9813.314.215.116.016.817.718.719.620.421.422.323.3水915.416.517.518.619.620.721.722.823.824.925.926.91017.919.220.421.622.724.025.226.427.628.930.131.3部1120.922.323.625.026.327.729.130.531.833.234.536.01224.526.127.629.130.63
25、2.233.835.336.838.439.941.4分1328.630.332.033.835.637.439.241.042.744.546.348.01438.139.941.643.345.046.748.450.151.753.555.256.91562.165.168.070.873.576.078.580.782.884.686.488.015.584.586.488.189.791.292.493.594.595.596.196.797.3洪峰16100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0退16.58
26、8.589.690.591.392.293.093.994.795.596.296.997.51777.378.980.482.083.584.886.187.388.689.891.092.2水1859.762.064.366.368.270.171.973.875.777.579.381.11947.149.451.753.956.158.460.662.865.067.369.571.6部2039.541.743.946.048.150.352.554.656.658.760.863.02133.535.637.639.641.643.645.647.649.551.553.655.8分
27、2229.731.633.535.437.339.241.143.145.046.948.950.82326.428.230.031.833.535.337.138.840.542.444.346.22423.425.126.728.330.031.633.334.936.638.340.041.82520.622.223.825.326.828.329.931.433.034.636.237.72618.019.420.922.423.925.326.828.229.731.132.634.03019.510.611.712.814.015.116.317.618.820.021.122.3
28、354.95.76.57.48.39.210.010.911.912.813.714.7402.32.83.44.04.65.25.96.67.27.98.79.4450.91.11.41.72.02.42.73.03.43.74.14.450000000000000福建省三天暴雨洪水概化过程y5%关系表附表6T0.040.050.060.070.080.090.100.110.120.130000000000050.10.20.30.40.50.60.80.91.11.2100.30.50.70.91.21.51.82.12.42.7涨120.50.81.01.31.61.92.22.63.
29、03.5140.71.01.31.72.02.42.73.23.74.3160.91.31.72.22.63.13.54.04.55.2水181.21.72.22.83.33.94.55.15.76.4201.62.32.93.64.24.95.66.47.28.0222.12.93.74.55.36.27.08.09.09.9部242.73.84.85.97.08.09.110.211.212.3253.14.45.66.88.09.210.311.412.513.7263.65.16.57.79.010.211.512.814.015.3份274.25.87.38.810.211.713.
30、114.616.017.4284.96.68.310.011.613.314.916.518.119.7295.87.79.511.313.215.117.018.820.622.5307.19.311.413.515.617.619.721.723.825.8319.211.914.516.919.321.724.126.428.730.93213.016.219.422.625.829.032.135.338.541.63323.027.932.937.742.547.151.756.060.364.533.542.548.253.959.364.569.073.076.479.582.1
31、洪峰34100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.034.555.661.566.971.274.977.880.382.484.586.33533.240.547.553.959.363.567.370.473.576.33618.222.827.431.736.140.344.648.953.257.13711.415.519.623.627.631.435.339.142.746.1388.712.215.719.122.525.829.232.435.638.6退397.010.113.216.219.222.125.127.93
32、0.833.5406.08.711313.916.619.221.924.627.129.6415.27.59.812.114.416.919.421.824.126.4水424.66.58.510.512.614.817.119.221.423.5434.15.77.49.211.113.015.016.918.920.9443.75.26.78.39.911.613.415.217.018.8部453.34.76.07.48.910.512.113.715.417.1463.04.25.46.78.09.410.912.413.815.4482.53.64.65.76.87.99.110.
33、311.512.8份502.13.03.94.85.86.87.88.99.911.0551.52.02.63.34.04.75.46.16.97.8601.01.41.82.22.73.23.84.45.05.6700.40.50.70.91.11.41.61.92.22.5800000000000福建省三天暴雨洪水概化过程/0关系表附表60.140.150.160.170.180.190.200.210.220.23涨0000000000051.51.71.92.12.42.62.93.23.53.8103.13.54.04.44.95.56.06.57.17.7123.94.55.05.56.16.77.38.0
