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1、ZFS学习笔记第一章zpool的管理21.1 创建ZPoOI31.1.1 创建单边ZpOol31.1.2 创建mirrorpool41.1.3 创建raidzzpool61.2 删除ZPoOI71.3 对ZpOol进行管理81.3.1 镜像和拆镜像81.3.2 添加ZPoOl空间91.3.3 spare盘的添加和删除101.4 zpool的维护/故障盘的更换121.5 ZPOol的迁移151.6 恢复销毁的ZPoOI161.7 ZPOol的Do统计181.8 迁移ZFS存储池191.9 ZPOol的版本升级20第二章ZFS文件系统的建立和设置222.1 ZFS文件系统的创建和删除222.1.1
2、 ZFS文件系统的创建222.1.2 ZFS文件系统重命名232.1.3 删除ZFS文件系统232.2 ZFS属性介绍242.3 查询ZFS文件系统信息252.4 管理ZFS属性252.4.1 设置Set262.4.2 继承inherit272.4.3 查询get272.4.4 ZFS文件系统的mount和UmoUnl342.4.5 ZFS文件系统的share和unshare362.4.6 ZFS文件系统的配额和预留空间37第三章使用ZFS进行快照或者克隆403.1 快照snapshot403.1.1 创建和销毁快照403.1.2 快照的显示和重命名413.1.3 使用快照同滚413.2 克隆
3、433.2.1 创建CIOne433.2.2 删除clone443.2.3 使用clone来代替文件系统443.3 快照的保存和恢复453.3.1 快照的保存453.3.2 使用快照文件恢复文件系统46附录：ZFS卷48ZFS主要使用两条命令及其子命令：zfszpool第一章zpool的管理zpool命令菜单：#zpoolmissingcommandusage:zpoolcommandargs.wherecommand*isoneofthefollowing:create-fn-Rroot-mmountpoint.destroy-fadd-fn.removelist-H-ofield,fiel
4、d*pool.iostat-vpool.intervalcountstatus-vxpool.online.offline-t.cleardeviceattach-f1detachreplace-fnew_devicescrub-s.import-ddir-Dimport-ddir-D-f-oopts-Rroot-aimport-ddir-D-f-oopts-Rrootnewpoolexport-f.upgradeupgrade-vupgradehistory1.1 创建zpoolZFS文件系统是建立在存储池pool的基础上，所以要建立文件系统必须先建立底层的plo1.1.1 创建单边zpoo
5、lzpoolcreateyzc3tdc3td1#zpoolcreateFirstc3t2dc3t4dinvalidvdevspecificationuse-ftooverridethefollowingerrors:devdskc3t2ds2containsaufsfilesystem.devdskc3t2ds7containsaufsfilesystem.加入pool的硬盘可以是整块盘，也可以是某个分区，条件允许的时候建议使用整块盘，这样便于pool对硬盘的管理。由于加入pool的磁盘之前曾经使用过ufs,所以在创建过程中需要使用-f选项来忽视ufs文件格式将硬盘强制加入pool中。Note
6、s加入pool的硬盘的原来数据会被破坏。# zpoolcreate-ffirstc3t2dc3t3d# zpoollistNAMEALTROOT创建两块盘组成的plSIZEUSEDAVAILCAPHEALTHfirst136G90K136G0%ONLINE-#zpoolstatuspool:firststate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEfirstONLINEc3t2dONLINEc3t3dONLINEREADWRITECKSUMOOO000000errors:Noknowndataerrors1.1.2 创建mirrorpool#zpo
7、olcreate-fyzmirrorc3tdc3tld#zpoollistNAMESIZEUSEDAVAILALTROOTfirst136G90K136G0%ONLINEyz68G6.08G61.9G8%ONLINE#zpoolstatuspool:yzstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:CAPHEALTHNAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMyzONLINEOOOmirrorONLINEOOOc3tdONLINEOOOc3tldONLINEOOOerrors:Noknowndataerrors创建镜像盘组成的pool,如果加入的硬盘为多个的话，
8、则默认的raid类型为raidl+O,下例中，镜像为3份，单盘为68G,而PoOl总量为136G。RCGSM-root-yztest2zpoolcreatexxxmirrorc3tdc3tldc3t2dmirrorc3t3dc3t4dc3t5dRCGSM-root-yztest2zpoollistSIZE USED AVAIL CAP HEALTH90K136G0% ONLINENAMEALTROOTxxx136GRCGSM-root-yztest2zpoolstatuspool:xxxstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRI
9、TECKSUMXXXONLINEOOOmirrorONLINEOOOc3tdONLINEOOOc3tldONLINEOOOc3t2dONLINEOOOmirrorONLINEOOOc3t3dONLINEOOOc3t4dONLINEOOOc3t5dONLINEOOOerrors:Noknowndataerrors#zpoolstatus-xallpoolsarehealthy#df-hFilesystemsizeusedavailcapacityMountedonfirstI34G24K134G1%/first1.1.3 创建raidzzpoolzpool支持的raidz有raidz1和raid
10、z2两种，类似于传统的raid5,raidz至少需要3个devices来实现对数据的校验。raidz也就是raidzl会消耗一块盘的空间，raidz2消耗凉快盘的空间。# zpoolcreateyzraidz1c3tdc3tldc3t2dc3t3d# zpoolstatuspool:yzstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMyzONLINE000raidz1ONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3tldONLINE000c3t2dONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000errors:Noknown
11、dataerrors#zpoollistNAMESIZEUSEDAVAILCAPHEALTHALTROOTyz272G147K272G0%ONLINE.#df-hFilesystemsizeusedavailcapacityMountedonyz200G36K200G1%yz# zpoolcreateyzraidz2c3tdc3tldc3t2dc3t3d# zpoollistNAMESIZEUSEDAVAILCAPHEALTHALTROOTyz272G226K272G0%ONLINE.#df-hFilesystemyz#zpoollistNAMEsizeused133Gavailcapacit
12、yMountedon36K133G1%yzSIZEUSEDAVAILCAPHEALTHALTROOTyz272G226K272G0%ONLINE#zpoolstatuspool:yzstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMyzONLINE000raidz2ONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3tldONLINE000c3t2dONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000errors:NoknowndataerrorsNote：同样是四块盘的raidz,raidz2消耗掉两块盘的空间，raidzl消耗一
13、块盘的空间。raidz2的数据校验性应当是更强的。1.2 删除zpoolzpooldestroypoolname如果zpool正在使用会提示设备正忙，强制删除pool使用-f参数。RCGSM-root-yztest2zpooldestroyyzcannotunmountyztest2:Devicebusycouldnotdestroy,yz,:couldnotunmountdatasetsRCGSM-root-yztest2zpooldestroy-fyz1.3 对zpool进行管理1.3.1 镜像和拆镜像如果创建硬。|时，物理盘为单，可以对其进行镜像，命令格式为zpoolattachxxxc
14、3tOdOoldc3t5dnew例子：# zpoolstatuspool:XXXstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:READ WRITE CKSUMOOO000NAMEXXXc3tdSTATEONLINEONLINEerrors:Noknowndataerrors# zpoolattachxxxc3t5dmissingspecificationusage:attach-f# zpoolattachxxxc3tdc3t5d# zpoolstatusxxxpool:xxxstate:ONLINEscrub:resilvercompletedwith0erro
15、rsonTueOct717:11:182008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMXXXONLINE000mirrorONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3t5dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors使用zpooldetach的子命令可以对镜像进行拆除例子：# zpooldetachxxxc3t5d# zpoolstatuspool:XXXstate:ONLINEscrub:resilvercompletedwith0errorsonTueOct717:11:182008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMX
16、XXONLINE000c3tdONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors1.3.2 添加zpool空间使用zpooladd子命令对pool进行扩容，使用.n参数可以模拟出扩容后的效果。例子：# zpoolstatuspool:XXXstate:ONLINEscrub:resilvercompletedwith0errorsonTueOct717:11:182008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMXXXONLINE000c3tdONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors# zpooladdxxxc3t5d# zpools
17、tatusxxxpool:xxxstate:ONLINEscrub:resilvercompletedwith0errorsonWedOct808:53:022008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMXXXONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3t5dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors#zpoollistxxxNAMESIZEUSEDAVAILCAPHEALTHAEROOTXXX136G91K136G0%ONLINE.RCGSM-root-mntzpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:ONLINEscrub:
18、resilvercompletedwith0errorsonWedOct813:16:352008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameONLINE000raidz1ONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:NoknowndataerrorsRCGSM-root-mntzpooladd-npoolnamec3tldinvalidvdevspecificationuse-ftooverridethefollowingerrors:mismatchedreplicationlevel:po
19、olusesraidzandnewvdevisdiskRCGSM-root-mntzpooladd-n-fpoolnamec3tldwouldupdatepoolnametothefollowingconfiguration:poolnameraidzIc3tdc3t3dc3t4dc3tld1.3.3 spare盘的添加和删除对于raidz和mirror而言，zpool支持spare盘的设置，而且spare盘可以支持多个pool,比如在一个mirror和另一个raidz使用同一块硬盘来做spare。# zpooiaddpoolnamesparec3t5d# zpooiaddxxxsparec3
20、t5d# zpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameONLINE000raidz1ONLINE000c3t2dONLINE000c3t3dONLINEc3t4dONLINEsparesc3t5dAVAILerrors:Noknowndataerrorspool:xxxstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMXXXONLINE000mirrorONLINE000c3tdON
21、LINE000c3tldONLINE000sparesc3t5dAVAILerrors:Noknowndataerrors删除spare盘使用zpoolremove子命令# zpoolremovexxxc3t5d# zpoolremovepoolnatnec3t5d# zpoolstatus-xallpoolsarehealthy# zpoolstatus-vpool:poolnamestate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameONLINE000raidzlONLINE000c3t2dONLINE00
22、0c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrorspool:xxxstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMXXXONLINEOOOmirrorONLINEOOOc3tdONLINEOOOc3tldONLINEOOOerrors:Noknowndataerror1.4 zpool的维护/故障盘的更换当ZPOoI内的硬盘出现问题需要更换的时候，就要使用ZPOOIr叩IaCe子命令进行更换了。RCGSM-root-mnlzpoolreplacemissingpoo
23、lnameargumentusage:replace-fnew_deviceRCGSM-root-mntzpoolreplacepoolnamec3t2dc3tdRCGSM-root-mntzpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:ONLINEstatus:Oneormoredevicesiscurrentlybeingresilvered.Thepoolwillcontinuetofunction,possiblyinadegradedstate.action:Waitfortheresilvertocomplete.scrub:resilverinprogress,6.7
24、1%done,0h3mtogoconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameONLINEOOOraidz1ONLINEOOOreplacingONLINEOOOc3t2dONLINEOOOc3tdONLINEOOOc3t3dONLINEOOOc3t4dONLINEOOOerrors:NoknowndataerrorsRCGSM-root-mntzpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:ONLINEscrub:resilvercompletedwithOerrorsonWedOct813:16:352008config:NAMESTATEREADW
25、RITECKSUMpoolnameONLINE000raidz1ONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors添加磁盘空间的时候可以对添加的硬盘进行数据保护，如mirror和raidzRCGSM-root-mntzpooladd-n-fpoolnameraidz2c3tldc3t2dc3t5dwouldupdatepoolnametothefollowingconfiguration:poolnameraidz1c3tdc3t3dc3t4draidz2c3tldc3t2dc3t5d例子：rai
26、dz出现坏盘的解决在木例中，我把poolname中的c3ld号盘OffIine之后将其拆卸出3310。RCGSM-root-mntzpoolofflinepoolnamec3tdBringingdevicec3tdofflineRCGSM-root-mntzpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:DEGRADEDstatus:Oneormoredeviceshasbeentakenofflinebytheadministrator.Sufficientreplicasexistforthepooltocontinuefunctioninginadegradedstate.ac
27、tion:Onlinethedeviceusing,zpoolonlineorreplacethedevicewith,zpoolreplace.scrub:resilvercompletedwith0errorsonWedOct813:16:352008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameDEGRADED000raidz1DEGRADED000c3tdOFFLINE000c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors这样在执行ZPOoloffIine后，拆除该硬盘，并执行OnIine操作，这时会
28、发现POOl中的硬盘状态为FAUurED。这时候由于raidz的校验功能，可以通过replace对硬盘进行更换并恢复数据到新盘上。RCGSM-root-mntzpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:DEGRADEDstatus:Oneormoredevicescouldnotbeusedbecausethelabelismissingorinvalid.Sufficientreplicasexistforthepooltocontinuefunctioninginadegradedstate.action:Replacethedeviceusingzpoolreplace.
29、see:scrub:resilvercompletedwith0errorsonWedOct814:03:472008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameDEGRADED000raidzIDEGRADED000c3tdFAULTED000corrupteddatac3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:NoknowndataerrorsRCGSM-root-mntzpoolreplacepoolnamec3tdc3t2dRCGSM-root-mntzpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:DEGRADEDs
30、tatus:Oneormoredevicesiscurrentlybeingresilvered.Thepoolwillcontinuetofunction,possiblyinadegradedstate.action:Waitfortheresilvertocomplete.scrub:resilverinprogress,2.97%done,0h3mtogoconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameDEGRADED000raidzIDEGRADED000replacingDEGRADED000c3tdFAULTED000corrupteddatac3t2
31、dONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors# zpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:ONLINEscrub:resilvercompletedwith0errorsonWedOct814:10:022008config:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameONLINE000raidz1ONLINE000c3t2dONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000如果是在原来的槽位上更换过硬盘以后再同步，直接输入：zpoolreplacepoo
32、lnamec3td# zpoolreplacepoolnamec3t2d# zpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:DEGRADEDstatus:Oneormoredevicesiscurrentlybeingresilvered.Thepoolwillcontinuetofunction,possiblyinadegradedstate.action:Waitfortheresilvertocomplete.scrub:resilverinprogress,3.75%done,0h2mtogoconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMpoolnameDE
33、GRADED000raidz1DEGRADED000replacingDEGRADED000c3t2dOsOoUNAVAIL000cannotopenc3t2dONLINE000c3t3dONLINE000c3t4dONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors1.5 zpool的迁移迁移zpool的时候需要确认zpool中所有的文件系统没有被使用，如果需要不顾一切的去迁移，可以加上f参数。# zpoolexportpoolname# zpoolstatusnopoolsavailable# zpoolimportpool:poolnameid:10727618928512
34、001646state:ONLINEaction:Thepoolcanbeimportedusingitsnameornumericidentifier,config:poolnameONLINEraidzlONLINEc3t2dONLINEc3t3dONLINEc3t4dONLINE# zpoolstatusnopoolsavailable# zpoolimport10727618928512001646使用pool的id和name都可以# zpoolstatuspool:poolnamestate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEpooln
35、ameONLINEraidzlONLINEc3t2dONLINEc3t3clONLINEc3t4dONLINEREADWRITECKSUM0000000000000001.6 恢复销毁的zpoolzpool被destroy后，可以通过zpoolimport-D命令来查看上一个被销毁的zpool是否可以被恢复。RCGSM-root-zzzcp-r/optzzzCRCGSM-root-zzzIsoptRCGSM-root-zzzdu-sh.3.6GRCGSM-root-zzzCd# zpooldestroyZZZ# zpoolimport-Dpool:zzzid:71484407392723738
36、76state:ONLINE(DESTROYED)action:Thepoolcanbeimportedusingitsnameornumericidentifier,config:ZZZONLINEc3tdONLINEc3tldONLINE# zpoolimport-Dfzzz#zpoolstatuspool:zzzstate:ONLINEscrub:nonerequestedconfig:NAMESTATEREADWRITECKSUMZZZONLINE000c3tdONLINE000c3tldONLINE000errors:Noknowndataerrors# cdzzzRCGSM-roo
37、t-zzzIsoptRCGSM-root-zzzdush.3.6G.如果通过import-D看到的pool的状态不是online的话，那么这个pool就不可恢复了。RCGSM-root-zzzCd# zpooldestroyzzz# zpoolcreatezzzc3ld# zpoolimport-Dpool:zzzid:7148440739272373876state:FAULTED(DESTROYED)status:Oneormoredevicesaremissingfromthesystem.action:Thepoolcannotbeimported.Attachthemissingde
38、vicesandtryagain.see:zzzUNAVAILmissingdevicec3tldONLINEAdditionaldevicesareknowntobepartofthispool,thoughtheirexactconfigurationcannotbedetermined.# zpooldestroyzzz# zpoolimport-Dpool:zzzid:7148440739272373876state:FAULTED(DESTROYED)status:Oneormoredevicesaremissingfromthesystem.action:Thepoolcannot
39、beimported.Attachthemissingdevicesandtryagain.see:config:zzzUNAVAILmissingdevicec3tldONLINEAdditionaldevicesareknowntobepartofthispool,thoughtheirexactconfigurationcannotbedetermined.pool:zzzid:6600816109531139366state:ONLINE(DESTROYED)action:Thepoolcanbeimportedusingitsnameornumericidentifier,config:zzzONLINEc3tdONLINE# zpoolimport-Df7148440739272373876cannotimportzzz,:oneormoredevicesiscurrentlyunavailable1.7 zpool的I/O统计使用zpooliostat命令来查询zpool的I/O运行状况#zpooliostatcapacityoperationsbandwidthpoolusedavailreadwritereadwritepoolname64.7G139G0134
