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1、英汉语差异,李春江,Language Family,EnglishGermanic branch of the Indo-European language family,ChineseSino-Tibetan language family,Borrowed Words,EnglishLatin:pen,pencilFrench:sir,feastGreek:comedyArabic:coffeePersian:bazaarChinese:tea,chop-suey,chow mein,kowtow,toufu,Chinese逻辑、的士、芭蕾舞、沙龙、休克,词义宽窄,sistercousin
2、marry,事情(thing,matter affair,business),搭配,take off glassestake off overcoatride a horseride on a plane,have a cup of teahave a cigarettehave dinner,参加革命参加会议参加劳动参加意见,看电视看黑板看电影看地图,碰到困难碰到生词碰到风暴碰到机会,抓紧施肥grasp manurepay close attention to or attend to the question of manure取得成就make achievements(have or a
3、ttain),学习知识learn knowledge(acquire or attain)把中国建设成为build China into(turn or transform),犯个人主义的错误make mistakes of individualism(mistakes of succumbing to individualism)我们有过这样的经验We had the experience that(It was our experience that),争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收For a good harvest both in sports and moralsLongman Dic
4、tionary:“standards of behavrior,esp.in matters of sex”For better(atheletic)records and sportsmanship.,男孩子到底是男孩子。Boys will be boys.啊，你到底来了。Here you are at last!,我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。Our cause has won victories one after another.We have won one victory after another for our cause.A series of victories have
5、been won for our cause.,汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。Chinese characters have made indelible contributions in history.The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history.,宗教不得干预政治。Religion must not interfere with politics.It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of reli
6、gion.,修饰词,胜利召开 successfully convened严肃处理、热烈拥护、认真贯彻、彻底粉碎、深入批判不切实际的幻想、毫无根据的诽谤,进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做好消化和推广工作。We should further simplify procedures and take prompt and vigorous action to import urgently needed technology earnestly organize scientists,technicians and the mass of workers
7、to assimilate and popularize imported technology.,We should(further)simplify procedures and take prompt(and vigorous)action to import urgently needed technology(earnestly)organize scientists,technicians and(the mass of)workers to assimilate and popularize imported technology.,Structure,汉语有无主句修饰语只能放在
8、前面习惯用短句定语较短没有表语,英语没有语序灵活（修饰语即可在前，亦可在后）复合句或长句多定语多且长有表语,词序,flesh and bloodrich and poorold and newheavy and lighttrack and fieldland and waterright and left,Cultural and lexical meaning,Lexical meaning:the basic meaning of the word,especially when it comes into the language originally.Cultural meaning
9、:the meaning of the word connected with a specific civilization of the state of cultural development of a particular people.,REDthe color of fresh blood or its likehigh political consciousness of the proletariat,Different Customs and Thinking,dogYou lucky dog.lead a dogs lifeEvery dog has his day.,狗
10、狗屁狗屁不通狗腿子狗崽子,wear ones Sunday suitthe land flowing with milk and honey15%offstudent driverchoice materialride the high horse,another pair of shoesMay I know your name?laugh ones head off(splitting ones sides)like a drowned rat,Phraseology,A white elephanta new broom sweeps cleantit for tatan early b
11、irdbe born with a silver spoon in the mouthto fish in the airMind your ps and qs,Colloquial and formal,look into(investigate)spread(disseminate)give up(abandon)put out(extinguish),天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。,天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。It was so c
12、old that the river froze.理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.,他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle.年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who have reached
13、 the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.,当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.,她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。,她对自己所取得的
14、成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements.这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation,thus developing with surprising speed.,只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。The j
15、anitor staggered down the stairway,stunned and gasping.,还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。It was still hot but everyone felt much better,for the breeze,though slight,brought them hope.,There is no month in the whole year,in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August!In t
16、hose years,Doris could have made something of herself if she had been a boy.,It is the electronic computers the importance of which cant be overestimated that come to the help of human brain,thus opening up boundless possibilities.Surrounded by wild flying spray and deafened by the roar of the Falls
17、,tourists come face to face with one of natures great extravagances.,It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.I was not one to let my heart rule my head.He was a patriotic,adventurous and romantic writer.,Arrogance and complacence
18、turned out to be his ruin.The big courtyard is full of vehicles,yellow with dirt,mended and patched,raising their shafts to the sky like two arms,or perhaps with their noses in the ground and their backs in the air.,Emma,handsome,clever,and rich,with a comfortable home and happy disposition,seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence.,
