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1、阅读表达,【阅读表达】,阅读表达题试图从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样。总的来讲，有七种类型，即6+X：主旨概括：概括短文、短文中某一段落的大意或标题，或指出 作者的写作意图句子填空：结合上下文,将短文中的空白处用合适的词语补充 完整,使短文通顺翻译句子：将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语英文释义：根据所给的英文释义寻找短文中意思相同的句子封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions）：结合文中的具体依据 进行回答开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：结合个人的观点态度 进行表述其它类型：结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出
2、的其它类型的问题,高考试题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，其中最后一类属于不确定的未知题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的以上六种以外的问题形式。问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。字数要求：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。,【阅读表达】,【主旨概括类设置题型有】,Whats the best title of the passage?What is the purpose of the writer writing thi
3、s passage?Whats the main idea of the article?What does the passage mainly talk about？,Escaping a fire is a serious matter.Knowing what to do before a fire breaks out can save a life.For example,people should know the safety measures to take before opening a hall door during a fire.Also,make sure eve
4、ryone knows how to unlock doors that may be in the escape path.At times,a key is needed to unlock a door from the inside.So,keep the key in the lock.Or,you can put the key on a key ring and put it where it can be found easily.,QuestionWhat is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 wo
5、rds),Answer：Safety Measures/How to Escape from a Fire,【主旨概括】,Escaping a fire,safety measures,While it is impossible to live completely free of stress,it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided.The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the follow
6、ing suggestions for ways to deal with stress.Try physical activityWhen you are nervous,angry or upset,try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity.Take care of yourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest.Make time for yourselfSchedule time for both work a
7、nd entertainment.Make a list of things to doStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that,QuestionWhat is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words),Answer：How to Deal with Stress?How to Reduce Stress?Ways to Deal with Stress.Suggestions on How to Cope with Stress.,【主旨
8、概括】,deal with stress,【主旨概括】,答题技巧1.要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括，即分清主旨和细节；2.概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全；3.注意文章标题格式，可以是完整的句子，可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题形式，同时要注意字数要求。,Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?People can know something a
9、bout different cultures in art museums.,Answer：Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures.,Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures.The increasingly popular“design museums”that are opening today,however,perform quite a different role.Unlike most
10、art museums,the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public.These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall.People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology.B
11、ut their role is not simply a matter of sales,it is the honoring of excellently invented products.,【句子释义】,various cultures,Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?The foundation will carry out its tests in some areas to put those accidents under control.,Answer：To
12、 help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges.,Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会）for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C.is planning to repeat Japans success.Sta
13、rting next year,the foundation will paint chevrons（人字形图）and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Too great Speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic according to the foundation.To help reduce t
14、hose accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges.,【句子释义】,conduct its tests in areas,【句子释义】,答题技巧1.该类题目比较简单，而且缺乏较好的区分度，在某种程度上有给考生送分的因素，因此，考生应尽可能在该题上不丢分；2.该类题目相当于传统阅读理解试题中的转换理解，即用不同的语言表达方式表述相同的内容、意义，
15、所以要求考生能够识别表达相同意义的不同文字。,QuestionFill in the blank with proper words or phrases.(Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：On the other hand,If your major is chemistry,or physics,or another science,youll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab,or laboratory,doing experiments.This means that sc
16、ience majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do._,people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.,【句子填空】,QuestionFill in the blank with proper words or phrases.(Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：happine
17、ss is always around you,Happiness is for everyone.You dont need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on.Why?Because those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time
18、.In fact,_ if you put your heart into it.When you are in trouble at school,your friends will help you;when you work hard at your lessons,your parents are always taking car of you and your health;when you get success,your friends will say congratulations to you;,【句子填空】,【句子填空】,答题技巧回答该类问题时一定要注意弄清上下文之间的
19、逻辑关系，例如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等等；2.一般来讲，该类问题的字数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练；3.答完后要检查一下，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图。,The private automobile has long played an important role in the United States.In fact,it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life.In 1986,sixty-nine percent of American fam
20、ilies owned at least one car,and thirty-eight percent had more than one.,【句子翻译】,QuestionTranslate the underlined sentence into Chinese.,Answer：事实上,私家车已经成为美国生活方式中的一个必需的重要的成分。,解析：不难发现，该段文字是一篇新闻报道，因此译文要符合新闻语言的特点，即：简练、规范；同时，在翻译时要考虑到汉英两种语言之间的差异。,it,While it is impossible to live completely free of stress
21、,it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided.The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.,【句子翻译】,解析：该句中while一词的意思是“尽管、虽然”，不是“在的时候”，而且根据汉语的表达习惯应该把时间状语从句“when it cant be avoided（当它无法避免的时候）”放在前面。,
22、Answer：虽然生活中不可能没有压力,但是当压力无法避免的时候,我们可以预防它或减轻它带来的影响。,QuestionTranslate the underlined sentence into Chinese.,【句子翻译】,答题技巧要把握好原文的句子结构和表达方式，在准确、充 分、全面理解原文意思的基础上进行翻译，译文要忠 实于原文；2.要结合原文文体和句子所在的情境进行翻译，语气、措辞等要符合文体特点和句子所在情境；3.译文一定要符合汉语的表达习惯，不一定要完全按照 英文字面的意思和顺序进行翻译；4.文字要清楚、规范、简练，不要重复或含糊不清；书 写要工整、卷面要整洁。,The Gram
23、my Award is the granddad of all music awards,dating back over four decades;it is to music what Oscar is to the movies.The name“Grammy”is short for“gramophone(留声机)”,since the awards are shaped like those old-fashioned phonographs.Over the years L.A.and New York have played tug-of-war(拔河)with the Gram
24、my Awards show.The result?The Grammy ceremony has been held 32 times in Los Angeles,10 times in New York City;and once in Nashville.The 47th Annual Grammy Awards show was held on Sunday,Feb.13,2005,at the Staples Center.The big winners for 2005 were the late Ray Charles,U2,Alicia Keys,Norah Jones,Lo
25、s Lonely Boys,Kanye West,Usher,John Mayer,Tim McGraw and Maroon 5.,【封闭性问题】,QuestionWhen do you think the 44th Grammy Awards show was held?(Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：The 44th Grammy Awards show was held in 2002.,Annual,【开放性试题设置题型有】,What would you do if you were?What other suggestions wou
26、ld you give?How would you settle the problem if you were?,【其他类型】,An annual MIT survey found that among adults asked what inventions they hate most,but cant live without,30%said the cell phones.Alarm clocks were a close second,with 25%hating them,followed by the television with 23%and razors with 14%
27、.The survey has been conducted for the past eight years to determine public inventions,inventors and technology.,Question：Design a diagram to show the result of the survey.(Please answer within 20 words),30,25,23,14,Cell phones,Alarm clocks,Televisions,Razors,在答题之前要认真审题,弄清问题要求,回答应具有针对性,要紧扣题目,既要完整,又要
28、简洁；同时还要注意语言运用的准确性、得体性；对于主旨概括类型的题目，要准确理解文章大意、细节，把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，归纳出文章内容要点、篇章或层次结构,为回答问题做好准备；,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,该试题的回答要求字数比较少，所以语言要精辟、简洁，答案要符合标题的要求，能概括出文章大意或作者写作的意图；封闭性问题（close-ended）可以在文中直接找到答案或依据；但是对于开放性的题目(open-ended questions)，考生要结合自己的观点进行回答；,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,5.在做翻译试题的时候，一定要结合文中句子所在情境进行理解和翻译,并且把握好句子结构；既要符
29、合英语句子原意,又要注意汉语句子的通顺和达意；要注意问题后的字数要求，切忌超出各个题目所要求的字数范围；要保持书写清楚、工整，卷面整洁、干净。,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,设问方式,1.What writing skills does the author use in.2.How does the author introduce/describe the topic of.3.The author develops the passage mainly by_.4.,答题格式,1.当设问为How开头时，回答为By+doing格式.例：By giving examples.2.当设问为Wha
30、t writing skills开头时，回答为Doing格式.例：Giving examples.,常见手法,1.Asking/raising questions例:77.How does the author describe the job as a mother?76.How does the author introduce the topic of the text?(11山东）辨别：一连串问号.?.?.?,2.Listing/giving examples例：List two writing skills the author uses in Paragraph 2?辨别：段落中有
31、明显的提示语 for example.like that.,3.Making comparisions例：76.What writing skills does the author use in Paragraph 1?辨别：主要描写对象为A，却先写与A相关的其他事物，并形成对比，借以突出A的特征。,其他,4.Using numbers/figures.5.Introducing his own experience/Telling stories.6.Describing an experiment/a report/a research.(说明文)7.Giving explanation
32、s.8.,Practice Makes Perfect!,Thank You,To the Editor:I have been reading your newspaper,the Hometown Gazette,for the past two years,ever since I moved to Smithville.We moved here from New York City,so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times.In fact,we still have th
33、e Times delivered on Sundays.The entire family enjoys reading the recipes in the paper,as well as the Styles section.The Times is great,but the Gazette is another story.Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors.For instance,in last weeks issu
34、e,you misspelled the word“secretary,”used a singular verb with a plural noun,and used“its”as a possessive.And that was just in the lead story!Its a pity that this tiny little hick(土气的)town has only one newspaper,because Id like to have an alternative to the rag you publish.I find it hard to believe
35、your news stories.If you cant spell correctly,how can you get your facts right?Ive been meaning to get this off my chest for some time.Please cancel my subscription.And buy yourself a dictionary.Sincerely,Jane Z.Jones,Answer：To make a complaint and cancel her subscription.,【主旨概括练习】,Generations of Am
36、ericans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to ones life.Eating breakfast at the start of the day,we have been told,and told again,is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people,the thought of food as the first thing in
37、 the morning is never a pleasure.So in spite of all the efforts,they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983,the number of people who didnt have breakfast increased by 33from 8.8 million to 11.7 millionaccording to the Chicago-Based Market Research Corporation of America.For those who dislike
38、eating breakfast,however,there is some good news.Several studies in the last few years have shown that,for grown-ups especially,there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.“Going without breakfast does not affect work,”said Mold E.Bender,“Nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”,Answer
39、：Several studies in the last few years have shown that,for grown-ups especially,there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.,【句子释义练习】,It has been revealed in the recent research that going without breakfast may do no harm,particularly for adults.,“The first and best of victories is for a man
40、to conquer（战胜）himself;to be conquered by himself is,of all things,the most shameful.”says Plato.Self-control is at the root of all the advantages.Let a man give in to his impulses（冲动）and feelings,and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.Self-control is mans last greatest victory._ means on
41、e lacks everything.Without it he can have no patient,no power to govern himself;he can have no self-confidence,for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling.,Answer：Lacking self-control/That one lacks self-control,【句子填空练习】,Chinas space achievements head our countrys top-ten achievements
42、in science and technology in 2003,according to results released on Tuesday based on votes of the 582 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE).All the CAS and CAE members were asked to look through process in their own fields of research,as well as in
43、 others over the past year and vote according to how important the achievements were.,Answer：根据周二颁布的中国科学院和中国工程院582名院士的投票结果，2003年中国在太空领域所取得的成就位于我国十大科技成就之首。,解析：该段文字是一篇新闻报道，因此译文要符合新闻语言的特点，即：简练、规范；同时，在翻译时要考虑到汉英两种语言之间的差异，即：英语中的according to.短语是在本句的后面，但是在翻译成汉语时要放在前面。,【句子翻译练习】,To the Editor:I have been read
44、ing your newspaper,the Hometown Gazette,for the past two years,ever since I moved to Smithville.We moved here from New York City,so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times.In fact,we still have the Times delivered on Sundays.The entire family enjoys reading the rec
45、ipes in the paper,as well as the Styles section.The Times is great,but the Gazette is another story.Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors.For instance,in last weeks issue,you misspelled the word“secretary,”used a singular verb with a plur
46、al noun,and used“its”as a possessive.And that was just in the lead story!In case you never went to elementary school,“its”means“it is.”Its not a possessive adjective!Its a pity that this tiny little hick(土气的)town has only one newspaper,because Id like to have an alternative to the rag you publish.I
47、find it hard to believe your news stories.If you cant spell correctly,how can you get your facts right?Ive been meaning to get this off my chest for some time.Please cancel my subscription.And buy yourself a dictionary.Sincerely,Jane Z.Jones,Answer：It has many spelling mistakes or grammatical errors
48、.,【封闭性问题】,QuestionWhats the major problem with the Gazette?(Please answer within 10 words.),Beware of those who use the truth to deceive.When someone tells you something that is true,but leaves out important information that should be included,he can create a false impression.For example,someone mig
49、ht say,“I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery.It was great.I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”This guys a winner,right?Maybe,maybe not.We then discover that he bought two hundred tickets,and only one was a winner.Hes a big loser!He didnt say a
50、nything that was false,but he deliberately omitted important information.Thats called a half-truth.Half-truths are not technically lies,but they are just as dishonest.Untrustworthy candidates in political campaigns often use this tactic.Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term,her state lost o
