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1、Medical Terminology,Zisen Zhang,Example,MicroscopeCT MRIHIVAIDSSARS,CONCEPT,Medical terminology is a special vocabulary used by health care professionals for effective and accurate communication.based mainly on Greek Latin 盎格鲁-撒克逊语,Dyspepsia,EupepsiaAbdomen,In vitro,In vivo,心 cardia cor heart 肠 ente
2、ron intestine bowel,Features,Administer,foreign body,complain,laborGene,clone,yin,yang,aspirin Brain death,HFMD,scar tissue-itis,arthritis,hepatitis,gastritisA.c.(ante cibum),B.i.d(bis in die),BP,ARDS,COPD,SARS,TCMAdams apple,venereal diseasePee or urine?,Word elements,Word root Combining form Suffi
3、x Prefix,How you combine these elements and whether all or some of them are present in a medical word determine the meaning of a word.,Root,Root is the fundamental unit of each medical wordA word root is the main part or foundation of a word;all medical words have at least one word root.,teacher,tea
4、ches,teaching teach,speaker,speaks,speaking speak,A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form another word with a different meaning.,alcohol alcoholism(condition marked by impaired control over alcohol use)sperm spermicide(agent that kills sperm)thyroid thyroidectomy(excisi
5、on of the thyroid gland),Root as a Complete Word,Root as a Part of a Word,Combining Forms,A combining form(CF)is created when a word root is combined with a vowel.This vowel is usually an o.The vowel has no meaning of its own,but enables two word elements to be linked.,Chem-therapy dermat-logy Encep
6、hal-graphy Neur-logy Therm-meter,Sufx,Root,o,+,vowel,+,Combining Forms,A combining vowel is used to link a root to another root to form a compound word.,gastr/o/enter/itis,leuk/o/cyt/o/penia,electr/o/cardi/o/gram,suffix,A sufx is a short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to mod
7、ify its meaning,Three Rules of Word Building,Rule 1:A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.Rule 2:A combining form(root+o)links a suffix that begins with a consonant.Rule 3:A combining form(root+o)links a root to another root to form a compound word.,Rule 1:A word root links a suffix th
8、at begins with a vowel.,leuk-emia Cephal-algia gastr-itis append-ectomy,Word Root Sufx terms,leukemia,cephalalgia,gastritis,appendectomy,Rule 2:A combining form(root+o)links a suffix that begins with a consonant.,Gastr-scope men-rrhea angi-rrhexisUreter-lith,Word Root Sufx terms,gastr/o/scopemen/o/r
9、rheaangi/o/rrhexisureter/o/lith,Rule 3:A combining form(root+o)links a root to another root to form a compound word.,gastr/o/enter/itis,leuk/o/cyt/o/penia,electr/o/cardi/o/gram,Exercises,carcin _-oma=carcinoma,+,aden-_=adenocarcinoma,Cardi _-gram=cardiogram,+,electrocardiogram,Electr-_=,Prefix,A pre
10、x is a word element located at the beginning of a word which added before a root to modify its meaning.Substituting one prefix for another prefix changes the meaning of the word.A prefix usually indicates a number,time,position,or negation.,macro/cyte-a large cellMicro/cyte-a small cell,Post/natal b
11、ehind/after birthpre/natal before birth,peri/card/itis,Inflammation of the pericardium,hypo-pref.在下(的);hypodermic皮下的.2)低；次；亚;hypotensioo低血压.,super-pref.上;a superstructure上层建筑.超;supersonic超声速的.过分;superfluous过多的.,homo-与名词构成名词同，相同;homograph同形异义词.homology相同关系.与形容词构成形容词同的；相同的;homocentric同中心的.homosexual同性
12、恋爱的.,Word elements,Prefix,Root,Suffix,Prefix,Root,Suffix,word,Endo-+card+-itis,Dening Medical Words,When defining a medical word,first define the suffix.Second,define the beginning of the word;finally,define the middle of the word.Here is an example using the term osteoarthritis.oste/o/arthr/itis(2)(3)(1)1.-itis means inflammation.2.oste/o means bone.3.arthr means joint.,Therefore,oste/o/arthr/itis is an inflammation of the bone and joint.,gastr/o/enter/itis,1.-itis means inflammation.2.gastr/o means stomach.3.enter means intestine.,inflammation of somach and intestine,
