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1、,Class begin,ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSES,哈市卫校 邱尚瑛,（一）定语从句的基本用法,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句被修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词：1.先行词是人 who,whom,whose,that.2.先行词是物 which,whose,that.关系副词（从句中做状语）：1.先行词是时间 when.2.先行词是地点 where.3.先行词是原因 why.,例句1：The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.1.先行词 man（即从句修饰
2、的名词或代词）;2.关系代词 who/that（修饰人）。例句2：This is the town where I was born.1.先行词 town（即从句修饰的名词）；2.关系副词 where（修饰地点，从句中状语）。,（二）由关系代词引导的定语从句,引导词：who whom whose that which1.The boy who/that is standing over there is my brother.The boy is my brother.The boy is standing over there.2.The woman(whom/that)you saw in
3、 my room is my mother.The woman is my mother.You saw the woman in my room.,3.The letter is from my family.I received the letter yesterday.The letter(which/that）I received yesterday is from my family.4.This is Tom.Toms mother is our English teacher.This is Tom whose mother is our English teacher.,（三）
4、由关系副词引导的定语从句,引导词:when where why I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.先行词“the day”在从句中做状语,表示时间:I first came to Beijing on the day.(所以用关系副词when。)比较：I still remember the day(_)we spend together.先行词“the day”在从句中做spend宾语：We spend the day together.（所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）,which/that,wh
5、en,2.This is the place _ we worked last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点：We worked in the place last year.(所以用关系副词where。)比较：This is the place(_)we visited last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做visited的宾语：We visited the place last year.(所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词；先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。,where,which
6、/that,注意,3.That is the reason(_)he dislikes me.That is(the reason)why he dislikes me.先行词“the reason”表示原因，用关系副词why.该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。,why,关系代词：1.先行词是人 2.先行词是物 关系副词：1.先行词是时间 2.先行词是地点 3.先行词是原因,who,whose,whom,that,which,that,when,where,why,whose,（四）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句；非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主
7、句隔开；关系词的用法基本相同。限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用，如果去掉，句意表达不清；非限定性定语从句只对主句起补充或说明的作用；从句部分去掉后，句意完整，表达清楚。1.He is my brother,who is a doctor.我有一个兄弟，他是医生。（只有一个兄弟）2.He is my brother who is a doctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。（至少有两个以上）,下列情况必须用“that”,不能用“which”:1.先行词是all,little,few。Is this all that is left?(就剩下这一个了吗？)2.先行词anything,ev
8、erything,nothing。Have you got anything that belongs to me?(你那有我什么东西吗？)3.先行词由none,much,only 修饰。The only thing that is important is to find our way home.(唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。),（五）使用关系词应注意的问题,4.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的电影。)5.“time”做先行词表示“次”。This is the first time that
9、 I have been to Beijing.(这是我第一次去北京。)“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句 在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。This is Johns book,which is very interesting.(这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。)I like to talk with Tom,who is my old friend.(我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我的老朋友。),Practice(练习),1.The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Aust
10、ralia.这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利亚的朋友寄给我的。,2.I borrowed the bike from Tom _ father is a teacher.我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。,whose,who,4.We live on the earth,_ is much bigger than the moon.(非限定性定语从句)我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。(“the earth”在从句中做主语),3.This is the earth _ we live.这就是我们居住的地球。(“the earth”在从句中做状语),5.I still remember the day _ Mary made a chocolate cake.我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那一天。(“the day”在从句中做状语),where,which,when,Thank you!,GOOGBYE AND GOOD LUCK!,
