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1、小学英语教学法,讨论：儿童的学习特点是什么？成人和儿童在学习语言方面有什么不同？,儿童的学习特点：1)Its difficult for children to understand verbal instructions to begin with.2)Childrens attention span is very limited.(7-10y,20mins;10-12y,25mins;above 12y,30mins)3)Children do not often have a clear purpose for learning.They learn simply because th
2、ey are happy and enjoy the activity.,4)Children like to do things with their hands,bodies and minds.5)Children like to do things with achievable targets because they want to feel sure that it is not something beyond their ability.6)Children are imaginative,creative and like new things and like parti
3、cipating in activity.,Children are not good at analyzing language rules.Implication for teaching?,Keep instructions very simple and support them with body language.Use many short and simple activities instead of one long activities.Make the learning experience very enjoyable and pleasant.Organize so
4、me hands-on activities for children to do.,Do not make tasks too difficult for children.Tasks should always have definite outcomes and clear repeated elements to ensure security and participation.Give children the opportunity to be imaginative and creative.Eg.making their own drawings of a monster o
5、r imagine seeing something through a telescope and tell others about it with their own limited language.,Do not explain complicated grammar rules to children.But it will be helpful to guide children to discover by themselves the rules with language experiences.,Children are still developing;their bo
6、dies are still growing;their minds are still developing;some aspects of their first language are still developing.(Moon,2007)(王蔷，2009）,问题：一名优秀的小学英语教师应具备哪些素质？,language proficiency good at using different teaching techniquesversatilecare and love for children.(story),Recall a very successful English c
7、lass.What made it successful?Discipline problem What are the causes?,Error correction,Example AT:Whats your name?S:My name Tom.T:Oh,good.Your name is Tom.S:Yes,My name is Tom.T:Hello,Tom.,Example BT:Whats your mothers job?S:He is.T:Oh,not he,your mother is a woman.You should use She.S:She is a.,Exam
8、ple CT:Make a sentence with have!S:He have a car.T:There is a big mistake in your sentences.Can you correct it?S:Mmmm.I dont know.T:Who can correct him?,Example DT:What did you do last Saturday,Mary?S:I watch TV and do homework.T:Oh,great!How about you,John?,Example ET:Make a sentence with haveS:He
9、have a car.T:He HAVE a car?S:He has a car.T:Great!,Example FT:Can you tell us something about your father,Tom?S:My father is 40 years old.He is very high.He is a doctor.He works in our City Hospital.T:Oh,good.Very good,Tom.You said your father is very HIGH?What word can we use instead of HIGH?S:Yes,
10、TALL.Hes tall.T:Very good,Tom.,When we correct pupils errors,we have to remember the objectives of correction:building pupils confidenceraising awarenessacknowledge achievement and progresshelping pupils to become more accurate in their use of language.,Teaching Pronunciation,课程标准对二级语言知识目标中语音目标的规定如下
11、：1.知道错误的发音会影响交际。2.知道字母名称的读音。3.了解简单的拼读规律。4.了解单词有重音。5.语音清楚，语调自然。,在说的能力要求中规定“能在口语表达中做到发音清楚，语调达意”。在读的能力中有“能根据拼读的规律，读出简单的单词”。在情感态度上有一个要求是“乐于模仿，敢于开口”。可见小学阶段的语音学习不是以掌握语音知识为目的的，而是让学生掌握英语字母和单词的基本发音，了解、掌握单词、句子的重音、节奏和语调，培养语音交际意识，为以后的语言学习打下良好的语音基础。,教学案例第一步：教师首先展示蛋糕和猫咪的图片和单词cake,cat.让学生读出两个单词，然后隐去k和t,呈现ca_e 和ca形
12、式，让学生读，借此呈现出a的发音，让学生了解a在什么情况下读/ei/,什么情况下读/a/.,第二步：替换练习 通过cat,cake 中的t,k 换成其他辅音字母，学生根据字母的变化集体朗读。然后教师替换cat,cake中的所有辅音让学生朗读第三步：学习新单词学生朗读下面单词:bag,rat,lake,snake,然后与图片匹配。,第四步：chant-What do you like?What do you like?The rat or the cat?What do you like?That snake or the cake?I like the cat not the rat.I li
13、ke the cake not the snake.I want to eat the cake.By the lake.,Activities suggestedActivity 1:Listen to the words the teacher say and tick the correct pictures.(whole class or group acitivty,distinguish sounds),Activity 2A says/a/a/a/in apple.B says/b/b/b/in book.C says/k/k/k/in cookie(to learn the s
14、ound of each letter.When children can say this correctly,they should be able to remember the sounds.),Activity 3Select an object in the room.Think of its initial sound.Tell students:I spy something begins/ends with the sound _ The first student to guess the correct objects select the next object.(to
15、 make connection between sound and letters.),Activity 4Give each student a word card and ask them to find friends.For example,ask your students to find friends who have the same vowel in the word they have.,Teaching vocabulary,课程标准对二级语言知识目标中词汇目标的规定：1.学习有关本级话题范围的600-700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语。2.了解单词是由字母构成的。,词
16、汇学习内容 1.词形与读音：词汇的拼写形式与读音是词汇的外在形态，也是小学生学习英语词汇最困难的内容之一。2.词义：词汇的语义。学生要学习单词的含义。3.用法：包括词汇的搭配、短语、习语、风格、语域、词法（词的不同用法：如名词的可数性、动词的及物性、及物动词的扩展模式）,讨论题：如何教表示颜色词汇red,blue,yellow,green,white,black？,词汇教学的原则 语境化：（水果的单词、数字的单词）语块化：语块是指在语言运用中以相对固定的形式出现的结构，包括搭配、短语、成语、固定表达方式等。在初学阶段应该培养学生整体把握语言的习惯，而不是分析语言的习惯。Whats the we
17、ather like?Whats the matter with.?多感官并用：（听、读等多手段）,Teaching Grammar,课程标准对二级语言知识目标中语法知识的描述：1.知道名词有单复数形式。2.知道主要人称代词的区别。3.知道动词在不同的情况下会有形式上的变化。4.了解表示时间、地点和位置的介词。5.了解英语简单句的基本形式和表意功能。,Teaching Grammar,问题：假设你要教学生现在进行时，你会采取什么方法呈现这一时态？,案例1.(演绎法）我们用is 和动词的ing形式表示正在进行的动作。比如：He is singing.She is dancing.Tom is r
18、unning.Amy is reading.,案例2(归纳法）Look at the picture.Who are in the picture?Right,Lisa,Jenny,Amy and Tom.Whats Lisa doing?She is singing.Whats Jenny doing?Oh,She is dancing.Now,look at Tom.Whats Tom doing?Yes,Tom is running.And how about Amy?Great.Amy is reading.(Teacher then writes the sentences on t
19、he blackboard.),Teaching Language Skills-Listening,小学阶段听的能力要求一级 技能：听做 目标描述：1.能根据听到的词语识别或指认图片或实物。2.能听懂课堂简短的指令并做出相应的反应。3.能根据指令做事情，如：指图片、涂颜色、画图、做动作、做手工等。4.能在图片和动作的提示下听懂简单的小故事并做出反应。,二级 技能：听 目标描述：1.能在图片、图像、手势的帮助下听懂简单的话语或录音材料。2.能听懂简单的配图小故事。3.能听懂课堂活动中简单的提问。4.能听懂指令和要求并做出适当反应。,Activities:True or False?Listen
20、 and drawListen and chooseListen and discriminate(sheep or ship)Listen and follow the direction.Listen and orderListen and compare,Listen and solve the problemListen and fill in the tableListen and finish the dialogueListen and writeNote taking,讨论：老师们在听力教学中遇到的问题是什么？,Teaching Language Skills-Speaking
21、,小学阶段说的能力要求一级 技能：说唱 目标描述：1.能根据录音模仿说英语。2.能相互致以简单的问候。3.能相互交流简单的个人信息，如姓名、年龄等。,4.能表达简单的情感和感觉，如：喜欢和不喜欢。5.能够根据表演猜测意思、说词语。6.能唱英语儿童歌曲15-20首，说歌谣15-20首。7.能根据图、文说出单词或短语。,二级技能：说目标描述：1.能在口头表达中做到发音清楚、语调达意。2.能就所熟悉的个人和家庭情况进行简短对话。3.能运用一些最常用的日常套语（如问候、告别、致谢、致歉等）。4.能在教师的帮助下讲述简单的小故事。,口语教学活动图片信息沟（培养听力和表达能力，沟通能力）角色扮演（超市购物
22、、问路、电话咨询等）培养交际能力、问题解决能力、与人相处能力调查（相互询问对方的家庭、日常起居、周末活动安排、喜欢的运动、理想的职业、喜欢的衣服、食物、水果等）培养学生听力、口头交际能力、信息咨询和表达能力,传话，培养信息转述能力替换练习，培养语言技能问题猜答，可以培养学生口头表达和提问能力,Teaching Language Skills-Reading,小学阶段读的能力要求一级：1.能看图识字 2.能在指认物体的前提下认读所学词语。3.能在图片的帮助下读懂简单的小故事。,二级：1.能认读所学词语 2.能根据拼读规律，读出简单单词 3.能读懂教材中简短的要求或指令 4.能看懂贺卡等所表达的简
23、单信息 5.能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文，并养成按意群阅读的习惯 6.能正确朗读所学故事或短文,活动大聚餐（培养学生看图识字的能力）三只小猪（培养学生在图片的帮助下读懂有趣的小故事，并能理解其含义）一家亲（培养学生根据单词的拼读规律和已经学过的词汇，读出具有相同规律的新单词的能力）tea,sea,read,teach;peach beach故事大王（培养学生用正确的语音语调朗读文章的能力）,Teaching Language Skills-Writing,小学阶段写的能力要求 1.能模仿范例写句子 2.能写出简单问候语 3.能根据要求为图片、实物等写出简短的标题或描述 4.能基本正确地使用大小写字母和标点符号,写的活动制作姓名牌寻物启事写信贺卡制作课表个人小档案,推荐书目,1.小学英语教学法教程（第二版），王蔷，高等教育出版社，2009.2.小学英语活动设计与教学，鲁子问，高等教育出版社，2008.3.小学英语教学策略，王笃勤，北京师范大学 出版社，2010.4.英语教学活动设计与应用，（小学卷），朱萍、张英，华东师范大学出版社，2007,
