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1、契诃夫英文简介 安东巴甫洛维奇契诃夫简介Antonio Pavlovich (h) (January 29, 1860 - July 15, 1904) is Russias world-class short story master, is the last one of the late 19th century Russia Criticism of realism art master, and the French writer Maupassant and American writer Ou Henry called the worlds three short novelis
2、ts, is a strong sense of humor writer, his novel compact refining, concise, to the reader to independent thinking Of the room. The play has had a great influence on the 19th century drama. He insisted on the tradition of realism, focusing on describing the daily life of the Russian people, shaping t
3、he typical character of the little people, to truly reflect the situation of Russian society at that time. The two major features of his work are the mockery of the ugly phenomenon and the deep sympathy for the poor, and his work mercilessly exposes the irrational social system and the ugliness of t
4、he society under the tsar rule. He was considered an outstanding representative of Russian realist literature at the end of the 19th century.安东巴甫洛维奇契诃夫生平经历In 1860, Chekhov (Russian: ) was born on January 29th in the Russian town of Rostovsk, Russia. Rank three in the six children living at home. His
5、 grandfather and his father were serfs, by virtue of their own hard work and wisdom, Chekhovs grandfather Ye Guofu de Chekhov when he was on behalf of the owner of the owner of the sugar factory manager, and gradually accumulated a sum Money, and finally in 1841 for his family ransom. Chekhovs fathe
6、r, Pavier Yeluo Luoweiqi Chekhov, was free to marry a daughter named Yevgenys clothing businessman, who was the owner of the grocery store in Taganroge. Orthodox is very devout and even fanatical, which Chekhov later compassion has a deep impact. The fathers shop is bleak, which makes Chekhovs hard
7、life from childhood. Father is very harsh on the child, often beaten. In spite of this, Chekhov is always filial to his parents. His mother often tells stories to his children and speaks well. She speaks mainly of her and her clothing businessmans father travels throughout the story of Russia. Chekh
8、ov grew up like comedy and performance, which laid the foundation for his later playwrights road. Chekhov later said: Our talent from our father, but our soul from the mother. In 1867, he entered a local Greek primary school.In 1879, Chekhov completed high school, went to Moscow and family reunion.
9、Where he received a scholarship to enter the Moscow University Department of Medicine. At the end of the year, he wrote a short story A letter to a learned neighbor, which was his debut.In 1880, due to family difficulties, Chekhov began to literary journalist identity for some humorous publications
10、to write some short humor works, in order to maintain life, he began his literary career. The artistic value of these funny works is not very high, but the readability is very strong, but also can be seen at the time of the magazine procuratorial organs. He gradually has a group of readers. Graduall
11、y, his fame began to spread. However, his early humor works also have some of the shortcomings, satirical social bad phenomenon and the worlds masterpiece. In March 1880, he published the short story A letter to the learned neighbor in the dragonfly magazine, became his fame. At that time he was on
12、the first year of the university, and his name was Antaixu Cheong ( ). The text is ironic and ignorant of an old-fashioned landlord, who has been dissatisfied, and has been warmly welcomed by the reader (it is evident that he has been influenced by a large number of popular humor magazines in Russia
13、 at that time). At this point he was written very quickly, the number of works a lot. Soon many people know that there is such a love sarcastic author, he also attracted the attention of some famous writers. He began to literary journalist identity to the dragonfly, tidbits and other magazines contr
14、ibution, with the pen name. He continued his own habits after his fame. In 1880, after his debut, he became acquainted with the famous landscape painter Leviathan and became a cross.In 1885, he created and published boots, Ma surname, where card, lost people, premeditated guilty, fiance and father (
15、modern sketch), guests (a scene) Expensive dog , paper can not wrap fire , hum, these passengers! , Prishbie Yev Sergeant , hunter , sad and other short stories. He also began to try to create the script. In 1883, he published some of the early creation of short stories: fat and thin, happy, on the
16、nail, the winner of the triumphantly (a retired fourteen product official story) , The death of a small civil servant ( ), uneven mirror, mystery of the same character, webmaster, these works laid his position in the Russian literary world. In 1884 graduated from Chekhov University, received a Bache
17、lor of Medicine degree and practicing medicine license. This year, he also published a number of short stories: civil exam, wearing a mask of people, chameleon (), surgery. He in the chameleon in its satire to use the most vividly. His creation began to turn to the hardships of workers living, art i
18、s also rising. This year, he published his first book, The Story of Mel Pomeranian ( ), which collected six short stories published in humorous journals. The publication of the book reinforces his determination in literary creation. After he graduated from college, he gave himself to this position:
19、Doctor is my career, writing is my hobby.In 1886, he published short stories such as ladies, happy people, in the villa, romantic stories of cello, a work of art, white mouth, and (), where card () and diners, principals series of short stories. This is the distress and where card is the early creat
20、ion of a thought and artistic leap, he no longer write a humorous story inside. Then, he published a short story collection Motley story, which includes the famous distress, where card, especially the former, about a lost old horse coachman nowhere to talk about their own depression, but Tell the st
21、ory of your horse. This work language simple, emotional and sincere, and later by many famous unanimously appreciated. New Zealand short storykeeper Catherine Mansfield even said, If the French all the short stories are destroyed, and depressed to stay, I will not feel a pity. This year, a humble na
22、me The writer of Dmitry Vasilyevich Grigorovich ( ) discovered Chekhovs talent and wrote a letter to him, sure that his literary talent was his encouragement. He is full of his talent, hope he cherishes his talent, so that his own creative attitude more rigorous, more meaningful works (this person i
23、s therefore known as the famous writer). Chekhov was inspired, began to treat the writing with a serious attitude, and later began to write a series of profound ideas of the masterpiece. This year, he wrote more than one hundred short stories. Also this year, his script creation attempts finally hav
24、e the result: on the tobacco hazards, which is a relaxed comedy.In 1887, Chekhov traveled to the eastern part of Ukraine due to overwork and poor health. After the trip came back, he wrote the novella Prairie (). Also this year, his creation peak arrived. This year, he published the typhoid, kiss, V
25、olvo, calamity, wedding, fugitive, helpless and other excellent short stories. He also published the popular comedy idiot and the four comedy Ivanov. Then he published the novel At Dusk, for the first time in this book, and gave it to Dmitry Vasilyevich Grigorovich.In 1888, he published the novella
26、Prairie () in the serious literary journal The Northern Guide ( ). This work is quite well received, marking his farewell to the creation of comedy novels, is his mature sign. He was awarded the Pushkin Gold Award by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Then he created another short essay masterpiece in
27、sanity.In February 1889, Ivanov performed at the Royal Theater in Petersburg. Then he published the novel The Meaningless Story. Then, he wrote a single-act comedy marry and the four comedy Lin God. Has become a well-known playwright, he joined the playwright association founded by Alexander Ostrovs
28、ky.From April to September in 1890, Chekhov was alone, first by train, after riding, by boat, came to the political prisoners to carry out field visits. The horrific horrors of the hell on the island and the poverty of the city of Siberia left a deep impression on Chekhov, making him a deeper unders
29、tanding of the darkness of the reality, gradually changing the mentality of politics, The insider of the Russian autocratic system, the famous novella Sixth Ward ( 6) and the report literature Sakhalin Travel are the products after this study. This year, he published a short story thief, Geshev, cre
30、ated a single-act comedy forced the tragic role, married.In 1891, he created and published the short story village, novella duel, the only comedy anniversary, which duel is the first in the history of literature to Leo Tolstoy Do not anti-evil point of view to challenge the literary works. This year
31、, Chekhov will focus on drama creation, but did not stop the novel creation.In 1892, he created and published jumping and jumping woman, neighbor and sixth ward ( 6). Sixth ward is a major social issue, the fierce criticism of the tsar dictatorship tyranny, against the spirit of the people of the de
32、struction, works of language simple, depressed atmosphere, fine writing, but thoughtful. Lenin read the work after the young feel terrible, that he seems to have been locked in the sixth ward. Sixth Ward marks the turning point of Chekhovs creation, a great achievement after his trip to Sakhalin Isl
33、and. Since then, Chekhovs short stories have a stronger social, critical spirit and democratic spirit, the art is not the slightest weakening. Sixth ward also adhering to the duel spirit, Leo Tolstoys do not fight against evil thought more violent impact. This year, he carried out a trip abroad, to
34、Venice, Florence, Rome, Paris travel.In 1893, he authored and published the short story Anonymous Story and Great Volga and Little Volga. This year, he was in the care of patients infected with tuberculosis (then tuberculosis is almost incurable), for which he went to Nice to cultivate.In 1894, he c
35、reated and published in the short story a womans heaven and earth, black monks, college students, and the report of literature Sakhalin travel. Sakhalin Travel directed at the dictatorship of the Russian Communist Party and the oppression of the political prisoners.In 1895, he authored and published
36、 the short story Anna, murder, white forehead hanging around his neck, and finished the four-act comedy ().In 1896, the comedy Seagull failed in the Royal Theater of Petersburg, and in the criticism of public opinion, the disappointed Chekhov once vowed never to create a script. Then he published th
37、e novella My Life.In 1897, he published short stories Farmers, Peggy Niger, in the hometown, in the cart and so on. Then he violated the oath of the previous year and wrote the four-act drama Uncle ( ), which reflects the scene of rural life. Uncle Wan Niya tells the story of a blind admirer on the
38、famous professor despair and a want to benefit the future generations of rural doctors fantasy burst. The play is one of the masterpieces of Chekhovs plays, which have been performed several times at the Moscow Art Theater.In 1898, he joined the Moscow Art Theater, met Golgi, and established a deep
39、friendship with him. The two of them often study the development of drama and novels and study how to open up new ways for the development of Russian drama. He began with Konstantin Stanislavsky, Danqinko, who had a creative cooperation, the stage art has made significant changes. He also helped Sta
40、nislavsky form his own theory of drama. This year, he completed and published the novella Yao Neiqi (), people change mediocrity made a profound artistic show. Then he created and published the Short Trilogy: Curcuma, Heroes ( ), The Story of the Aegean. These three novels laughed and criticized the
41、 vulgar phenomena and rigid thoughts in society. These works reflect the characteristics of Chekhov fiction: do not pursue the plot of the attractive, pay attention to the character of the shape, so that the character of the different characters to form a conflict and contradiction, and then reflect
42、 the social reality. Which makes his short stories can give readers a thought and long-term impressed. In the specific description, he said: The more closely, the more compact, the more expressive, the more clear. Leo Tolstoy so very respected Chekhov, said: He is like Impressionist painter , Seemin
43、gly meaningless, but there can not replace the artistic effect. Gorky also said: Russian short stories is Chekhov with Pushkin, Turgenev created together, they are can not match of.In 1898, the comedy Seagull () was staged at the Moscow Art Theater. Later, Gao Xiangs seagulls became the emblem of th
44、e Moscow Art Theater. This year, he traveled with Suvolin to travel to Western Europe. He supported Zolas just action in the Dreyfus case and thus alienated the opposite of Suvolins relationship. After returning home, he moved to Yalta due to the deterioration of the tuberculosis condition, where he
45、 often associated with Leo Tolstoy, Gorky, Ivan Leccevic Puin (1933 Nobel Prize winner) and Kuplin and others communicate with each other. He had wanted to come to China with Golgi, but had to give up for health reasons. Yalta became the background of his novel The Woman with Dog (1899).In 1899, he
46、published his own novels such as Baby, New Villa, Tolerance, Dog with a Dog, and his Uncle Uncle ( ) at the Moscow Art Theater Staged.In 1900, he created and published the four-act drama Three Sisters ( ), as well as the short stories at Christmas Festival, in the Gorge. This year, he was elected ho
47、norary academician of the Russian Royal Academy of Sciences. In the same year, at Yalta met with Tolstoy.In 1903, he completed the short story The Barrier of Compensation, The Bride Without Marriage (the last novel he wrote and his most optimist novel), and a great tragedy Cherry garden. In 1902 he
48、published the short story Bishop. This year, in order to protest against the decision of the Russian Royal Academy of Sciences unreasonably revoked the title of honorary title of Gorky, he and Corlonko issued a statement together to give up in 1900 the title of honorary academician. In 1901, he was in Yalta a
