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1、1,庞 剑 博士Jian(James)Pang,Ph.D.,2009年7月16日July 16,2009,长安汽车股份有限公司Changan Automobile Co.Ltd.,整车NVH控制技术,Automotive NVH Control Technology,2,汽车NVH问题 NVH Problems汽车NVH控制方法 NVH Control Methods汽车NVH技术的发展Development of NVH Technology中国汽车NVH状态Status of China Automotive NVH,3,NVH的重要性 Importance of NVH,NVH对顾客非常
2、重要NVH is very important to customersNVH的好坏是顾客购买汽车的一个非常重要的因素.NVH影响顾客的满意度NVH influences customers satisfaction在所有顾客不满意的问题中,约有1/3是与NVH有关.NVH影响到售后服务NVH influences after-sale services约1/5的售后服务与NVH有关,4,动态性能Attributes,噪声与振动（NVH）碰撞安全性能Safety行驶操纵性能Dynamics燃油经济性能Performance/Fuel Economy环境温度性能Climate Control乘坐
3、的舒适性能Ride Comfort排放性能Emission刹车性能Breaking防盗安全性能Security电子系统性能Electricity可靠性能Durability。,在所有动态性能领域（NVH，安全碰撞、操控、燃油经济性、等）中，NVH是涉及面最广的领域。,NVH涉及面非常广NVH Involves Almost All Systems of a Vehicle,车身Body发动机、变速器及动力系统Powertrian底盘及悬架Suspension环境控制系统Climate Control电子系统Electricity,5,目标设定与分解噪声振动源的控制噪声振动传递通道的控制NVH的
4、评价NVH的试验与分析手段,Target Setting and cascading Source ControlPath ControlNVH EvaluationNVH Test and Analysis,汽车NVH问题 NVH Problems汽车NVH控制方法 NVH Control Methods汽车NVH技术的发展Development of NVH Technology中国汽车NVH状态Status of China Automotive NVH,6,NVH开发是一个目标制定-分解-验证的过程NVH development is a process of“Target Setti
5、ng Cascading Verification”,Benchmarking CompetitionVehicle and system level databaseQuick contribution analysis Competitive vehicles目标设定Set TargetsFuture with respect to competitive actionsBalance with respect to other attributes,cost,weight目标分解Cascade Requirement to Subsystems设计论证Design Verificatio
6、n,目标制定-分解-验证 Target Setting Cascading-Verification,7,决定NVH的因素 How to Determine NVH,顾客的要求Customers Want,政府法规Government Regulation,公司的需要和技术能力Corporate Wants and Technology Available,竞争车Benchmark Vehicles,8,车1,2,3是市场上最好的三款车Car1,car2 and car3 are the best cars in the markets这三款车作为benchmark的汽车The 3 cars
7、are used for benchmark vehicles根据benchmark的结果,设定目标Based on the benchmark test results,new target will be set up,目标的分类Target Classification:领导者Leadership:above Best-In-Class领导群体之中Among the Leaders(Best-in-Class)竞争者Competitor,目标设定Target Setting,目标的级别Target Levels整车(顾客)级目标,例如车内噪声 Vehicle level(Customer
8、 level),such as interior sound系统级目标,如动力系统的噪声 System level,such as powertrain noise子系统级目标,如排气口的噪声 Subsystem level,such as exhaust tailpipe noise部件级目标,如消声器的传递损失 Component level,such as Muffler TL,9,目标分解Target Cascading目标分解是从上至下 Target setting is from upper level to lower level目标设定也是双向的 Target setting
9、is a two-way processing目标分解也是双向的 Target cascading is a two-way processing,开发一款车，需要设置几百个NVH目标,10,模态分离策略Modal Separation Strategy,在产品开发的初期,对所有系统和部件建立模态频率表 Set up modal frequency chart for all systems and components at the beginning of production development 为设计和目标制定提供模态分析的策略 Provide a standard modal a
10、nalysis strategy for vehicle program design and target setting,11,多通道分析Multi-Path Analysis,源-通道-接受体 Source Path Response,源Sources 动力系统Powertrain风Wind路面Road其他Other通道Paths(Structure-borne and airborne)底盘Chassis车身Body 内饰Interior其他Other接受体Reception耳朵Drivers and passengers ears手Drivers and passengers han
11、ds(steering wheel)脚Drivers and passengers feet(pedal,toe board)座椅Drivers and passengers but(seats),12,发动机噪声振动源Engine Noise and Vibration Sources,燃烧噪声Combustion Noise机械振动与噪声Mechanical Vibration&Noise流动噪声Flow Noise,变速器噪声振动源Transmission Noise Sources,变速器啸叫Transmission Whine变速器敲击Transmission Rattle,源,13
12、,进气系统和排气系统的NVH Intake and Exhaust NVH,进气系统的噪声源进气口噪声Intake orifice noise 壳体的辐射噪声Shell radiation noise,排气系统的噪声振动源挂钩传递到车体的力Hanger force transferred to body排气尾管噪声Tailpipe noise壳体辐射噪声Shell radiation noise,源,14,传递轴系的NVH Driveline NVH,第一阶传递轴激励First order driveline excitation(dynamic imbalance)传递齿轮啸叫Transmi
13、ssion gear whine(Gear dynamic meshing force)2阶激励2nd order excitation by Cardon Joint,源,15,路面-悬挂-底盘的NVH Road/Suspension/Chassis NVH,激励源Excitation Sources路面表面的形状Road surface profile轮胎的刚度和压力Tire stiffness&pressure轮胎块的长度和形状Tire patch length and shape轮胎的宽度和尺寸Tire width&size汽车的速度Vehicle speed,源,16,风激励噪声Wi
14、nd Noise,风激励噪声Wind noise:由于气流绕着汽车运动而产生的噪声the noise caused by air movement around the vehicle激励源Excitation:空气动力湍流Aerodynamic turbulence其他:天线的涡流,挡风玻璃的湍流产Other:antenna vortex,windshield turbulence Cavity resonance,90 km/h,源,17,结构通道控制:车身控制 Structural Path Control:Body Control,车身的结构模态应该与其他相邻结构模态分开 Body M
15、odes should be separated from other systems车身结构模态应该与车身声腔模态分开 Body structural modes should be separated with body cavity modes白车身和装饰车身模态的刚度要足够大,以避免产生奇异噪声 White body and trimmed body modes should stiff enough to avoid causing squeak and rattle局部模态应该足够高,以避免引起NVH问题,如轰鸣声,等.Local modes should be stiffness
16、 enough to avoid NVH problems,such boom,resonance,etc.车身要实现风噪最小设计Body design should let wind noise minimized,通道,18,结构通道控制:底盘/悬挂的控制 Chassis/Suspension NVH,轮胎的控制:tire control声腔模态 acoustic cavity 结构模态 structural mode轮胎的平衡 type balance,悬架系统的控制 Suspension control悬架的模态频率 suspension mode悬架的刚度与阻尼 stiffness
17、and damping悬架跳动的频率 hop frequency悬架部件的频率 parts frequency,隔振垫 Isolator隔振垫的控制 isolator control隔振垫的刚度 isolator stiffness隔振垫的刚度与车架刚度的比值 isolator stiffness and frame stiffness,通道,19,振动通道的控制Vibration Path Control,振动通道控制的方法有:Vibration path is controlled by:,隔振器 Vibration isolators 吸振器 Vibration absorption,e
18、.g.,dampers阻尼材料Damping materials 提高结构和支架的刚度,阻止振动的传递High structure and bracket stiffness车身连接点灵敏度的控制Body connected point sensitivity control,通道,20,声学通道控制:声学包装 Acoustic Path Control:Sound Package,噪声通道是由声学包装来完成的Noise path is controlled by sound package,including:车身的密封Sealing of vehicle body 孔洞的控制Control
19、 of open holes and openings隔声材料的应用Sound isolation material吸声材料的应用Sound absorption material,通道,21,汽车NVH的两方面的评估 Two Evaluations of Vehicle NVH,车外通过噪声的评估 Pass-by Noise Evaluation 车内NVH的评估 Interior NVH Evaluation,车内NVH评估的两个方面 Interior NVH Evaluation主观驾评 Subjective driving evaluation客观测试评估 Objective test
20、ing evaluation,主观驾评打分 Subjective Evaluation Rating,评估,22,客观评估 Objective Evaluation,整车级客观评估的内容:Items of Vehicle Level Objective Evaluations:驾驶员和乘客耳朵的声音:Driver and passenger ears sound:sound level and sound quality 地板或座椅轨道的振动 Floor or seat track vibration方向盘的振动 Steering wheel vibration椅子和人体的振动 Seat vi
21、bration and human body vibration,驾车状况 Driving Condition:IdleWide Open Throttle(WOT)Partial Open Throttle(POT)CruiseReverseCoastdown Tip-in,tip-out,评估,23,不同级别的客观评估 Vehicle,System and Component Objective Evaluations,例子Example:,整车级评估 Vehicle level evaluation系统级评估 System level evaluation部件级评估 Component
22、level evaluation,评估,24,试验道路:Test Road环道 circle road直道 straight road 平整的沥青路面 asphalt road 平整的水泥路面 smooth road 粗糙的水泥路面 coarse road 砖做的路面 brick road鹅石路面 cobble stone road斜坡路面 slope road,试验:道路试验Road Test,驾车状况 Driving Condition:IdleWide Open Throttle(WOT)Partial Open Throttle(POT)CruiseReverseCoastdown T
23、ip-in,tip-out,试验,25,试验:实验室试验Lab Test,模态试验Modal test振动响应Vibration response异响识别Squeal&rattle隔振器刚度Isolator stiffness 激光测量,等Laser measurement,振动试验Vibration Test,车内噪声Interior sound进气噪声Intake noise排气噪声Tailpipe noise动力总成辐射噪声Powertrain radiation noise 壳体辐射噪声shell radiation noise通过噪声Passby noise,噪声测试Noise Te
24、st,声学灵敏度测量Acoustic sensitivity振动灵敏度测量Vibration sensitivity声传递损失测量Sound transfer loss,灵敏度测量Sensitivity Measurement,风洞噪声试验Wind Noise Test,试验,26,NVH分析方法 NVH Analysis Methods,有限元分析Finite Element Analysis边界元分析Boundary Element Analysis统计能量分析Statistical Energy Analysis其它声学分析Other Acoustic Analysis模态综合分析Mod
25、al Synthesis Analysis传递路经分析Transfer Path Analysis,27,以声品质主导的NVH开发NVH 主动及半主动控制高里程NVH问题NVH稳健性分析其他NVH技术发展领域,汽车NVH问题 NVH Problems汽车NVH控制方法 NVH Control Methods汽车NVH技术的发展Development of NVH Technology中国汽车NVH状态Status of China Automotive NVH,Sound QualityActive&Semi-active controlHigh mile NVHNVH Robustness
26、AnalysisOther NVH Techniques,28,传统上,噪声控制就是降低声音的大小Historically,Approach Vehicle Sound as Noise Control 仅考虑声级的大小和频率成分Only sound Level and frequency content are considered八十年代后,在汽车界开始使用声品质Sound Quality in Automotive Industry in late 1980s汽车的声音与发动机转速有关Sound is related with engine speed汽车的声音与发动机发火阶次有关Sou
27、nd is related with engine firing orders声音的成分影响听觉Sound contents influence listening声音影响到顾客的满意度All vehicle sounds can influence customer satisfaction部件的声品质Component sound quality影响汽车的品牌A Strong Indicator of Vehicle Brand 品牌的象征Brand Image(Powertrain)汽车的DNA Vehicle DNA,以声品质主导的NVH开发NVH Development Based
28、on Sound Quality,29,29,1.动力系统的声品质控制技术Sound Quality Control of Powertrian System,2.车身声品质控制技术Sound Quality of Vehicle Body,3.电器系统声品质控制技术Sound Quality for Electrical System,三大声品质问题 Sound Quality in Three Fields,好听的声音安静频率低(结实)一次碰撞声没有额外的噪声,不好听的声音声音大高频率象铃的声音多次碰撞声,嘁嘁喳喳.,例子(example)：关门声品质Close-Door Sound Qu
29、ality,Good SoundQuietLow Frequency(Solid)One ImpactNo Extraneous Noise,Poor SoundLoudHigh Frequency(Tinny,Cheap)Rings On(Bell)Rattles,Chirps,etc.,30,主动控制的元件Active Control Components机械激励器 Mechanical actuator传感器 Sensor电子控制器 Electronic controller额外能量 Extra energy supplier,动力总成主动振动控制 Powerplant Active V
30、ibration Control,车内噪声主动控制 Internal Noise Active Control,NVH 主动及半主动控制 NVH Active Control and Semi-Active control,31,传统上Traditionally:汽车设计是要求0里程有良好的NVH性能Vehicles have been designed intentionally to have good NVH at 0 mile通常高里程的可靠性很重要,但是NVH不是关注的对象High mileage durability is important,but high mileage NV
31、H is not a concern,高里程NVH问题High Mileage NVH,现在Now:高里程NVH性能对顾客长期的满意度来说越来越重要 Vehicle high mileage NVH performance is becoming more crucial for long term customer satisfaction有必要识别引起高里程NVH恶化的原因 Necessary to identify major reasons which cause high-mile NVH degradation,32,稳健性:在使用的寿命内,当有外界干扰因素的情况下,系统仍然按照设
32、计的功能工作.也就是说,产品的性能对输入源的变化不敏感Robustness:the concept of a product to perform its intended function consistently in the presence of noise during its expected life.That is,the performance of the product is insensitive to sources of variability.,NVH稳健性分析 NVH Robustness Analysis,33,噪声振动传递路径的精确分析Transfer Pa
33、th Analysis源及通道对车内贡献量分析技术Source and Path Contribution Analysis整车高速风噪控制与车身优化技术Wind Noise and Body Design整车道路噪声控制与悬架系统优化技术Road and Suspension NVH Control轮胎噪声的研究Tire Noise Analysis发动机的燃烧噪声Engine Combustion Analysis动力总成辐射噪声控制技术Powerplant Radiation Noise Control变速器的啸叫和敲击Transmission Whine and Rattle 发动机-
34、离合器-变速器传动系统的振动控制Powerplant Shaft Vibration Control由摩擦引起的噪声与振动分析NVH Caused by Friction新能源汽车的NVH控制New Energy Vehicle NVH Control轻量化材料和结构的噪声与振动研究NVH for Light-Material新型隔声材料及结构的研究 New Sound Isolation Material and Structure Analysis 异响的前期控制技术Advanced Control for Squeal and Rattle测量技术的研究Study of Measurem
35、ent Technology。,其他NVH技术发展领域Other NVH Technology Development Fields,34,汽车NVH问题 NVH Problems汽车NVH控制方法 NVH Control Methods汽车NVH技术的发展Development of NVH Technology中国汽车NVH状态 Status of China Automotive NVH,各个方面越来越重视试验室和CAE的大量投入人才队伍迅速发展自主轿车NVH水平大大提升存在的问题长安NVH开发状况,More and more attention on NVHHuge money on
36、labs and CAERapid growth of NVH engineersSignificantly improvement on Capacity Existed problems Status of Changan NVH development,35,企业意识到NVH的重要Importance of NVH is realized by many companies逐年增加投入Money spent on NVH is increased year by year招聘一流人才The best NVH experts are hired行业关注NVH Attention from
37、auto industry例子：各种会议和培训越来越多i.e.more conferences and trainings on NVH 政府把NVH作为自主汽车的一个重要技术领域NVH is considered one of the most important technologies in auto development例子：组建企业国家重点实验室i.e.national key lab is under construction海外华裔学者对中国汽车NVH发展的推进Contribution from oversea scholars讲课、出书、交流等 lectures,books,
38、exchanges,各个方面越来越重视More and More attention is on NVH,中国汽车NVH工作主要是从2000后才开始,36,实验室与CAE的大量投入Huge Money Spent on Labs and CAE,同济大学空气动力与低噪声风洞试验室,各个公司纷纷兴建试验室，如：Many labs had been constructed,such as大型整车消声室Whole vehicle anechoic chambers发动机消声室Engine anechoic chambers部件实验室 Parts labsCAE的使用在普及Wide applicati
39、on on CAE,风洞试验室Wind Tunnel,37,人才队伍迅速发展Rapid Growth of NVH Engineers,从事NVH的工程师迅速增加Rapid Growth of NVH Engineers以长安汽车公司为例：Take Changan Auto as example:2003年：NVH工程师不到10人 less than 10 NVH engineers2009年：NVH工程师超过100人 more than 100 NVH engineers在海外招聘一流NVH专家 The best overeas NVH experts joined China auto c
40、ompanies人才梯队在形成 Teams with different-level engineers are growing,自主品牌轿车NVH水平大大提高 Significant NVH Improvement on China Owned-Brand Vehicles,例子：长安“悦翔”的NVH水平超过了同级别合资品牌轿车 Example:NVH attributes of Changan“Yue Xiang”are better than some JVC vehicles.,38,中国汽车NVH领域存在的问题 Existed Problems,具备基本的试验条件，但数量上远远不够缺
41、少某些领域的实验室，比如动力传动NVH实验室，等等具备基本的CAE条件，但硬件和软件的支撑上要加强具备一定的NVH工程实践经验，但专家队伍远远不足开展了不少NVH领域，但广度和深度上还有很长的路要走建立了初级的NVH数据库，但需要完善建立了NVH流程与部分规范，但不完善，不标准，执行力不够开展部分NVH方法及基础的前沿探索，但还有很长的路要走,39,2009年2月11日，在国务院颁发的汽车产业调整和振兴规划中，国家第一次正式把长安汽车列入中国汽车企业第一阵营，第一次与一汽、二汽、上汽站在同一发展平台上，成为中国“四大”汽车集团，给予长安汽车极大的鼓舞。2009年上半年，长安销售汽车67.9万辆
42、，同比增加35%。高于行业的平均增长速度。,长安进入“四大阵营”，销量大幅增加,Changan Joined“Big Four”Club,and Sale Increases Rapidly,40,长安上海研究院造型、工程化开发,长安日本设计公司内外饰设计、造型,长安欧洲设计公司造型设计、工程设计,“三国四地”,全球研发布局,长安全球化的研发布局,长安研究团队：2009年7月：2100人2009年12月：2600人2012年：5000人,长安汽研院重庆本部,Changan Global R&D Distribution,41,团队噪声与振动领域：超过100人拥有3名从美国回来的专家和一批国内成长的专家完备的实验室和试验设备一流的整车消声室和发动机NVH实验室完备的CAE分析能力完整的整车开发能力完备的开发流程、规范、数据库具备从目标设定与分解、结构优化、性能验证等能力噪声振动开发走在自主开发的前列从事了大量汽车产品的开发工作按照国际一流公司的模式进行NVH开发具备一定的NVH工程实践经验基本上开展了所有的NVH领域产品长安品牌汽车取得长足进步悦翔的NVH性能超过合资品牌汽车研究开展部分NVH方法及基础的前沿探索,长安NVH开发状况,Status of Changan NVH Development,
