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1、Lesson4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs艾尔弗雷德布落落斯的双重生活,Words and Expressions,1.manual,adj.体力的 体力工作 相关词：physical adj.身体的,物质的脑力的mental；脑力工作mental work 精神的 智力的,manual work,spiritual,intellectual,n.使用手册，说明书，指南The manual is full of terminologies of science and technology.同义词：Guide,handbook,directorynoteb
2、ook,instructions,manual可拆为：manu-alManu-手工的-al 形容词或名词词缀,Manu-手工的,manuscript 手写稿Manufacture手工制作Manumit 释放Manumission释放mit=send，cast“送，放出”admit v 许可入学等；承认(ad+mit送来许可进入)commit v 委托；委任 emit v 发光；发出(味等)permit v 许可，允许(per始终+mit始终放出来许可)submit v 使屈服；提出(sub下面+mit送下去屈服)transmit v 寄送；传达(trans横+mit横送过去传达),Manu-反
3、义词缀：Auto-自动Automatic transmission自动挡ATM(automatic teller machine)automobile汽车Autonomous region自治区,-al 表形容词词缀,思考有哪些？personal 个人的（person 人）continental 大陆的（continent 大陆）exceptional 例外的（exception 例外）regional 地区性的（region 地区）,-al 表名词词缀,hospital n 医院；survival n 生存，幸存rival n 竞争者criminal n 犯罪分子（crime 罪行）cere
4、al n 谷物（cere 谷+al）dismissal n 解雇（dismiss 解雇）withdrawal n 撤退；撤消（with 相反+draw 拉+al）refusal n 拒绝（refuse 拒绝）appraisal n 评价，评估（appraise 评价）,2.collar,White-collar白领蓝领blue-collar金领golden-collars粉领pink-collars（工作高雅的女士，如模特，空姐等）灰领 gray-collars（尤指服务行业）,3.sacrifice,To give sb.Sth.that you would prefer to keepvt
5、.牺牲，献出把某人的生命献给国家sacrifice ones life for the country牺牲时间 sacrifice timesacrifice n.牺牲，祭品，献祭make many sacrifices,Sacrifice sth to sb/sth舍弃以得到；为牺牲Do you approve of sacrificing comfort to appearance.你赞同为了表面好看而不考虑其舒服吗？,4.privilege,Advantage/special rightn.好处，优惠，特殊的荣幸，特权福利和优惠：sacrifice ones advantage/priv
6、ilege牺牲掉自己的好处give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事,benefits and privileges,It was a privilege to 很荣幸做某事，是一种殊荣听她唱歌真是三生有幸。It was a privilege to hear her sing.结识阁下，实在是三生有幸。Its my great privilege to make your acquaintance.,privileged adj.荣幸的=honoredbe privileged to do sth=It was a privilege to 荣幸地去
7、做；有特权做We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.,Privilege可拆为Pri-vilegePri-个人，私自Privacy秘密，情景Private私人的，安静的,5.dustman,n.清洁工同义词：garbage collectorgarbage mantrash man垃圾桶：Trashcan(AmE.)Dustbin(BrE.),6.corporation,n.公司跨国公司/集团Multinational corporation/group近义词：Firm商行a firm of account
8、ants会计师事务所,enterprise企业合资企业joint-venture enterprise国企Stated-owned enterprise乡镇企业Town enterprise个体户Self-employed enterprise家族式企业Family-run enterprise,7.shower,n.沐浴；阵雨Take/have a shower洗淋浴Be caught in shower遇到阵雨引申意：A shower of letters/questions/criticism大量的信问题评论A shower of rain/laughter/bullets一阵雨阵阵笑声
9、枪林弹雨,Shower同义词：bathe沐浴 downpour倾盆大雨 cloudburst倾盆大雨,8.secret,短语：keep secret 保密in secret 私下里=secretly,in private,privatelyI was told about it in secret.in the secret 知道内情He was in the secret from the beginningMake no secret of不隐瞒近义词：Confidential机密的,9.status,n.地位，情形，状态A high/low status in society高的/低的社
10、会地位状况就业状况婚姻状况收入状况,Employment status,marital status,financial status,status易混词：Statue；Stature；Statutestatue雕像，雕塑Stature身材，身高，声望Statute法令，法规,Stature身材，身高，声望,她母亲身材矮小，只有5英尺高。Her mother was of small stature,only five feet tall.谁能否认他是世界上最伟大的小提琴演奏家呢？Who can deny his stature as the worlds greatestviolinist？
11、,Statute法令，法规,The only purpose of this statute is to promote mining.这项法令的唯一目的就是要促进矿业开采。,10.关于结婚,marry 强调动作 He married the girl.他娶了这个女孩。get married 强调过程 Last year they got married.be married to sb 强调状态The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.,Q:Why did Alf want a white-collar job？What di
12、d he do about his job after he got married？,Text analysis,1.Such is human nature,that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.解析：that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明such内容His kindness was such that we will never forget him.=Such was his kindnes
13、s that=He was so kind that we will never forget him.,2.When he got married,Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.解析：too embarrassed to say 太尴尬而没有说明be ashamed of 感到羞愧,惭愧Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.,3.Every morning,he left home dressed in a smart black suit.解析：d
14、ressed in a smart black suit 形容词短语表示一种状态-He went to work dressed in a beautiful coat.He left home wearing a smart black suit.,4.He will be earning only half as much as he used to,but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.解析：half/twice/three times+as.as.表示倍数,是.的几倍：.times.as
15、+形容词或副词原级+as.比.多几倍：.times+形容词或副词比较级+than这条路是那条路的五倍长。This road is five times as long as that one.这条路比那条路长四倍。This road is four times longer than that one.,11.refer to.as,refer to.as=regard.as 把.看作为 I always refer to him as bookworm（n.书呆子）,12.give rise to,=lead to=cause=result in 导致，引起这样的行为可能会引起误解。Such
16、 conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.,13.in the case of,=concerning prep.关于,涉及,就.说Stealing is no shame in the case of him.in case of（副词）万一,以防You should ensure your house in case of fire.Take an umbrella in case of rain.,Worth（adj.）,adj.后
17、接名词，代词，数字或v-ing形式 1.值钱 Our house is worth about XX RMB.2.worth sth/doing sth(指行动)值得，有价值 这家博物馆当然值得参观。The museum is certainly worth a visit.这个想法值得考虑。This idea is well worth considering.,Worth（n.）,worth of sth 价值XX的东西；能用XX之久的东西 The winner will receive ten pounds worth of books.This armchair is promised
18、 to be worth of 3 years.2.价值;意义;作用 Their contribution was of great worth.,worthy adj.,作前置定语This is a worthy article.这是一篇值得一看的文章。2.作后置定语时，用“worthy of+名词”结构。There is nothing worthy of mention.没有值得一提的事情。This is behavior worthy of praise.这是值得称赞的行为。,worthy adj.,2.be worthy of（doing）sth 值得(或应得)的部长说这个想法值得考
19、虑The Minister says the idea is worthy of consideration.这种现象值得研究。This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.,3.Be worthy to be done 某事值得（被）做This problem is worthy to be considered.这个问题值得考虑。The film is worthy to be seen again.这部电影值得再看一遍。,Key structure,部分倒装,部分倒装定义：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助
20、动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。,否定副词位于句首时用部分倒装。never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,no sooner,no longer,nowhere 等。I shall never forgive him.我永远不会宽恕他。=Never shall I forgive him.He seldom goes out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭=Seldom does he go out for dinner.She hardly has time to listen to music.=Hardly doe
21、s she have time to listen to music.她几乎没时间听音乐。,他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。（little）He little realizes how important this meeting is.=Little does he realize how important this meeting is.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。（no sooner than）We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.=No sooner had we reached the airport
22、than the plane took off.,【注意】对于notuntil句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped.=Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.(2)部分起副词作用的介词短语，后用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何
23、我也不会再借钱给他了。,2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only in this way are you able to do it well.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.,3.“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时的倒装So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天
24、气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.,4.Such 倒装Such that结构中的such置于句首时，such 后的句子要用部分倒装Such was the darkness of the night that I could see Nothing爆炸的威力很大，所有的窗子都震坏了。Such was
25、the force of explosion that all the windows were broken,5.“so+助动词+主语”倒装表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者。You are young and so am I.你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I.她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it,so can I.要是他能做此事，我也能。,【注意】若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：You arent young and neither am I.She ha
26、snt read it and nor have I.(2)注意与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：It was cold yesterday.So it was.“的确很冷。”Father,you promised.Well,so I did.“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”,6.由not onlybut also引出的倒装not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher,but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly
27、,but he spoke more easily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。,7.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were,should等时，如将if省略，则要将had,were,should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday,you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring.如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help,I would still be homeless.
28、要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。,Special Difficulties,间接宾语,定义：当看到句子中有两个宾语时，其中指物或指事的就是直接宾语，指人（或动物）的就是间接宾语。注意：不能按宾语离动词的远近来判别,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。,间接宾语,直接宾语,Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.,He gave me some books.,可以有间接宾语的及物动词主要有：give,pay,tell,show,send,bring,allow,wish,teach,write,make,buy,pass,lend,return等,有时，间接宾语可用“to”或“for”转换He gave her a book.（他给她一本书。）=He gave a book to her.I have bought you a drink.=I have bought a drink for you.,
