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1、Lesson 57,New words,Madam n.太太，夫人jeans n.牛仔裤hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑serve v.接待（顾客）scornfully adv.轻蔑地punish v.惩罚fur n.裘皮eager adj.热切的，热情的,Madam/mdm/n.(对妇女的尊称)太太，夫人1)信的称呼Dear madam,2)关于女性的称呼3)关于男性的称呼,Miss1)对未婚女子姓名的称谓 Miss Hill2)小学生对女教师的尊称 Miss YuMrs.夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前）Mrs.BrownMs.女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms.Mary,Mr.先生（男子姓或姓
2、名前，职务前）Mr.White 怀特先生Mr.President 总统先生Sir对男子的礼貌称呼 Yes,sir.中小学生对男老师的称呼 信的称呼 Dear Sir,jeans/di:nz/n.牛仔裤世界第一条牛仔裤的发明人Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特劳斯）A woman in jeans,clothes shoesshirt 衬衫 boots 靴子coat 大衣 sandals 凉鞋sweater 毛衣 sneakers 旅游鞋T-shirt T恤衫dress 连衣裙skirt 短裙pants 裤子jacket 夹克衫vest 背心,shirt,coat,sweater,T-shir
3、t,dress,skirt,pants,jacket,vest,hesitate/heztet/v.犹豫，迟疑hesitate 的用法hesitation n.without hesitation 毫不犹豫,1)hesitate at/over/about sthHe hesitates at nothing.他从不优柔寡断。2)hesitate to do sthDont hesitate to say no.3)hesitate in doing sthI hesitated in telling the truth.,serve/s:v/1)v.服务，为.效力，接待（顾客）serve a
4、s 担任He served two terms as President.serve a sentence 服刑2)(食物)足够.人的份额The cake can serve ten people.Service n.服务at ones service 为某人效劳service station 加油站service industry 服务业,serve,v.接待(顾客)Can I serve you in any way?我能帮你忙吗？,New words,Madam n.太太，夫人jeans n.牛仔裤hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑serve v.接待（顾客）,adv.轻蔑地,scornf
5、ully,scornfully/sk:nfl/adv.轻蔑地Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.scorn v.鄙视scornful adj.鄙视的，轻蔑的A scornful smileA scornful look,scorn/sk:n/n.鄙视，轻蔑pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口气说到某人某事2)v.鄙视，傲慢的拒绝scorn sbs invitation 傲慢的拒绝某人的邀请 scorn sbs advice 鄙视某人的建议scorn sbs offer 拒绝某人的帮助,pu
6、nish,惩罚punish sb.惩罚某人The boy was punished for being late.这男孩因迟到受到处分。,punish/pn/v.惩罚punish sb for sthThe teacher punished him for cheating on the exam.give a lesson to sb 教训某人一顿teach sb a lesson 教训某人一顿punishment n.惩罚 capital punishment 死刑,fur/f:/n.裘皮，皮毛A coat of fur=a fur coatMake the fur fly 引起争吵，打倒
7、leather 皮革feather 羽毛,eager,adj.热切的,热情的be eager to do 急欲,渴望做 I am eager to do it.我极想做这件事。,eager/i:/adj.热切的，渴望的1)be eager for sthWe are eager for success.2)be eager to do sthThe assistant was eager to serve her this time.,New words,Madam n.太太，夫人jeans n.牛仔裤hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑serve v.接待（顾客）scornfully adv.轻
8、蔑地punish v.惩罚fur n.裘皮eager adj.热切的，热情的,Enjoy the story,Can I help you,madam?,Find two words to describe the change of the man.,Before.scornfully,After.eager,What does the word“scornfully”mean？,What caused the change?,Before.jeans 牛仔裤,After.fur coat 裘皮大衣,Dialogue（对话）Man:Can I help you,madam(夫人)?Woman
9、:Yes.May I try on this dress?Man:Im afraid that the dress was sold.,In fact,the dress is not sold.,This man looked down upon 看不起 the woman.,This man is really a snob(势利眼).,1.Why did the shop assistant glance at the woman scornfully and tell her that the dress was sold?He did not like the way she was
10、 dressed.2.How was the woman dressed when she returned to the same shop the following morning?She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.3.Did the woman get what she wanted?Yes,she did.,A woman in jeans stood at th
11、e window of an expensive shop.1.穿戴小结2.at 和in 的区别3.expensivecheapmore expensive/the most expensivecheaper/cheapest,do window shopping,do window shopping,dress,wear,put on,in,with的用法小结1.in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。Can you see that woman in the blue coat?你能看见那个穿蓝外套的女士吗？He is in a blac
12、k nylon jacket today.今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。,2.put on“穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out.如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。,3.wear“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：Youd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes.穿棕色鞋子的时候
13、,最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。Why does he often wear dark sun-glasses?他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜？,4.dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”1）dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。My son is now able to dress himself.我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed!该起床穿衣服了。2）be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。He was dressed in a black suit.他穿着一套黑衣服3）dress
14、 up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight.今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。,be dressed in dress sbdress oneselfdress up,盛装打扮穿着为自己穿衣服为穿衣服,1.She was dressed in black.2.Mother would dress you when you were young.3.Tom is old enough to dress himself.4.Children dress up and go to their ne
15、ighbors homes to ask for sweets.,the way she was dressedThe way后跟定语从句，引导词可用in which/that/不填,5.with表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用，不能接衣服。The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。with表示某人有某生理特征。The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face.警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的人。,at 和 in 表示地点的区别1.在表示地点或场所
16、时，一般来讲，较大的地方用in,较小的地方用atThere were a lot of people in the street.I would like to live in a warm country.He lives at 27 West Street.Ill see you at the station.,2.当用at 或 in 来谈论建筑物时，in强调在建筑物里面，at则笼统的指在这个建筑物周围。at the restaurant 可以是在餐馆里面，也可以在餐馆附近in the restaurant强调在餐馆里面,Though she hesitated for a moment,
17、she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.1.though 引导的让步条件句though译为虽然但是 后面不可以加but2.关于moment 的词组3.ask的用法,关于moment的词组at the moment 眼下,当前 for the moment 暂时,目前 at this/that moment 在此、那时 at this moment in time 此时此刻 in a moment 立刻、马上 for a moment 一会儿 wait/just a moment 稍等一小会儿 the
18、 last moment 最后一刻 big moment 大好时机 choose/pick your moment选择好的时机,ask的用法1.ask about sth(sb)询问有关某人或某事的情况She asked about his health.她询问他的健康状况。2.ask after sb 问候某人(的健康)。They all ask after you.他们都问候你(的健康)。3.ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。He asked for some water.他要些水。,4.ask sb for sth向某人要某物或请某人给某物。They asked me
19、 for help.他们向我求助。5.ask to do sth要求或请求做某事。He asked to go alone.他要求一个人去。6.ask sb to do sth 请或叫某人做某事。He asked us to wait for him at the gate.他叫我们在门口等他。,The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.like的用法,like 的用法1.like+名词/代词 表示喜欢某人或某物She likes her students very much.2.like doing s
20、th.喜欢做某事I like reading.3.like to do sth.喜欢做某事I dont like to read this evening.,Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.1.分词作状语,分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词1.现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。2.过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关
21、系。Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,3.分词的否定形式就是在分词前加notNot having heard from her son for a long time,the mother worried a great deal.4.分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。,The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to pu
22、nish the assistant next day.1.decide 的用法,decide v.决定，决心；名词形式为decision1)跟名词或代词It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.决定人类命运的是人民。The question will be decided by themselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2)跟不定式 decide to do sthHe decided to give a one-man show.他决定唱一段独角戏。,3)跟从句Lets first decide where we should go.
23、我们先决定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there.还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。4)跟介词短语(跟on或upon,表示“就某事做出决定”)Dont decide on important matters too quickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。,She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.1.The follo
24、wing morning=the next morning,After seeking out the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress.seek sb/sth out=reach out 找出，搜寻出seek for=look for=search forseek sought sought,Not realizing who she was,the assistant was eager to serve her this time.1.Not realizing who she was 分词的否定形式2.be eager to do
25、热切的做某事,With great difficulty,he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.,As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.1.As soon as,hardlywhen,no soonerthan 的用法,As soon as,hardlywhen,no soonerthan1)as soon as A事发生后就做B这件事Ill write you as soon as I get there.2)no soonerthan 刚做完A这件事就做B
26、这件事He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.3)hardlywhen 几乎未来得及做完A这件事就做B这件事He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.,She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.1.enjoy sb doing sth
27、 开心做某事2.使役动词 make,let,have3.程度副词,使役动词make,let,have1）make,let,have后面的动词不定式不加to，即 make/have/let sb.do sth.make sb.do sth(含迫使、强迫之意)让某人做某事I cant make him change his mind.The teacher made the boy write the exercise again.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事（无强迫之意）Dont let him persuade you.不要让他把你说服了。Dont let the children
28、 touch anything in this roomplease.,程度副词的种类1.肯定absolutely,almost,completely,enough,entirely,extremely,fairly,far,just,much,nearly,only,quite,rather,really,so,too,very等。2.否定barely,scarcely,hardly,独立主格结构,独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）,1.All our savings gone,we started looking for
29、jobs.,2.The question settled,we went home.,3.The river having risen in the night,the crossing was impossible.,主格名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词）,主格名词/代词+形容词,1.His mother being ill,he had to stay home to look after her.,2.Other things being equal,I would buy the black dress.,主格名词/代词+副词,The meeting being over,our
30、headmaster soon left the meeting-room.,We to care for the children,you are able to be carefree away from home.,主格名词/代词+不定式,主格名词/代词+介词短语,Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.,with复合结构 与 独立主格结构,它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。,with复合结构的
31、模式是：with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语,一、作时间状语,1、With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.,=Winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.,2、With the traffic light green,the bus got moving.,=The traffic light green,the bus
32、 got moving.,二、作原因状语,1、With the weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.,=The weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.,2、With the key having been lost,she could not enter the room.,=The key having been lost,she could not enter the room.,三、作条件状语,1、With time per
33、mitting,well visit the Summer Palace.,=Time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace.,2、With the car going wrong,well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.,=The car going wrong,well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.,四、作伴随状语,1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the
34、bed.,=The mother was cleaning the house,her baby playing on the bed.,2、Last night I followed him,with a sword in my hand.,=Last night I followed him,sword in hand.,无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：,He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.,with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.,Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.,=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.,
