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1、T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,1,有機光電半導體材料及其未來之應用,Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Engineering,National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan 701成功大學 光電科學與工程研究所01/16/2007,郭 宗 枋 助理教授,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,2,Outlines,Semico
2、nductors Organic semiconductors(energy and delocalization of charge carriers)OLEDs and PLEDs 基礎原理和應用Organnic photovoltaic and solar cellsConclusions,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,3,Fundamental science of inorganic semiconductors,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Opt
3、ical Science&Engineering,4,Typical Semiconducting Materials,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,5,Energy Band Diagram of a conductor,semiconductor,and insulator,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,6,Beginning of orgnaic semiconductor(bonding),Sid
4、e-by-Side Bonding,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,7,Conjugated(共軛):alternatively double-single bonds,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,8,Bang Gap of Polyacetylene,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,9,Conjugated p
5、olymer,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,10,Creating new materials from old materials,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,11,Delocalization of Charge Carriers in Polyacetylene,Localized!Charge cannot go anywhere!,Delocalized!Charge carriers can
6、 move around!,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,12,Delocalization and Transport of Charge Carriers,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,13,Conjugated Polymers:Basic Materials and Chemistry,Conduction polymers:Polyacetylene,Polyaniline,PEDOT/PSS
7、etc.Semiconducting polymers:Polythiophenes,Oligothiophenes etc.Light-emitting/Photovoltaic Polymers:Poly-(para-phenylene-vinylene),Poly(para-phenylene),Polyfluorene etc.,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,14,Scientific Interest in Organic Materials,1950s steady work on cr
8、ystalline organics starts1970s organic photoconductors(Xerography)1980s organic non-linear optical materials1987 Kodak first published the efficient organic light-emitting devices(OLED)1990 Cambridge groups publish the first polymer light-emitting diodes(PLED)Since then,the field has dramatically ex
9、panded both commercially and scientifically,including OLED,PLED,transistors,potovoltaic,solar cells,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,15,What are the OLEDs?,Invented by Dr.Ching W Tang（鄧青雲博士）(kodak)1987年OLED 全名叫做有機發光二極體(Organic Light-Emitting Diode)部分國外又稱 OEL為有機電激光顯示(Org
10、anic Electroluminescence Display),T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,16,OLED Basic Device Configuration,Double layers structure電洞傳輸層-Hole Transport(injection)Layer(HTL)電子傳輸層 Electron Transport Layer(ETL)發光層-Emitting Layer(EML),T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Sc
11、ience&Engineering,17,First OLED Invented by Dr.Ching W Tang(kodak)1987,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,18,Absorption,Fluorescence&Phosphorescence Process,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,19,Singlet excitons,Triplet excitons,h1,h2,fluoresce
12、nce,non-radiation,heat,e-/h+,dissociation,recombination,Intersystem crossing,T-T annihilation,phosphorescence,dissociation,carrier separation,carrier injection,Photophysics process,ground state,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,20,Operation of OLEDs,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institi
13、te of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,21,Electroluminescence of O/PLED,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,22,Mechanism of Electroluminescence,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,23,Fluorescence and Phosphorescence,Decay from singlet allowed
14、by symmetry:fast and often efficient.,Decay from triplet disallowed by symmetry:slow and usually inefficient.,25%,75%,Singlet exciton,Triplet exciton,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,24,Device preparation,ITO/Glass substrate,Organic materials,Vacuum10-5 torr,Lecture not
15、e of Prof.Chou,NTU Phys.,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,25,What are PLEDs?,Invented by Richard.H.Friend(University of Cambridge,Cavendish Laboratory)1990年PLED 全名叫做高分子發光二極體(Polymer Light-Emitting Diode)Usually for single layer device configuration,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institi
16、te of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,26,First PLED Invented by Richard.H.Friend(Cambridge University,Cavendish Laboratory)1990,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,27,Synthetic Route to PPV,J.H.Burroughes,D.D.C.Bradley,A.R.Brown,R.N.Marks,K.Mackay,R.H.Friend,P.L.Burns,
17、and A.B.Holmes,Nature,347,539(1990).,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,28,Schematic Energy Level Diagram,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,29,Processing for the fabrication of a typical PLED,Spin coating PEDOT layer&baking,Spin coating MEH-PP
18、V layer&baking,PEDOT:PSS,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,30,PLED Devices at NCKU,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,31,Why they are so important?,Self-luminescentNo viewing angle limitationThin,Light weightLow operation voltageFlexible subst
19、rate application,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,32,20 inches,amorphous Si,active matrix,full color OLED displayWXGA(1280 x 768 pixels),25 W,300 cd/m2,CMO 03/12/2003,Recent progress of EL Panels,Kodak digital camera,available on April 2003,Ink-jet printed EL display,To
20、shiba and Epson 2002,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,33,Reasons for organic solar cells,Organic solar cells:moderate efficiencies and very low cost,S.E.Shaheen,D.S.Ginley,G.E.Jabbour,Mrs.Bull.,30,pp.10-18(2005).,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engine
21、ering,34,A Flexible,printed plastic solar cell with high efficiency made by SIMENS AG,Flexible Donor-acceptor type solar cells,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,35,Working principle of organic solar cell,A Donor-Acceptor type bulk heterojunction solar cell,Metal electrod
22、e(Al,Ca/Al etc.),h,e-,h+,EF,HOMO PCBM,LUMO Acceptor,LUMO Donor,HOMO Donor,ITO/PEDOT,e-,h+,h+,h+,e-,Donor-P3HT,Acceptor-PCBM,J(photo-current density)V(Bias)curves for devices with Al and Ca/Al as the cathodes,Incident power of 90mW/cm2,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,37,Conclusions,Organic electronics乃是一項跨領域的學科，涵蓋半導體元件物理、基礎物理、電機、化學、材料而基礎物理化學的基礎更是為重要。Flexible devices(軟性電子)將是未來科技的一項研究重點，此乃organic electronics之發展強項。,T.-F.Guo,NCKU Institite of Electro-Optical Science&Engineering,38,Future of Information Display,
