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1、Unit12 Milling，Shaper，Planer and Grinding Machines,主讲单位：6406,铣床,铣床可能是现代加工中除了车床外最为多样化的一种机床。主要设计用来加工平面和斜面，铣床还可以用来加工不规则形状，曲面，槽。铣床还可以进行钻，镗，铰和齿轮加工。不同种类的铣床被制造出来以适应于不同的需求。铣床通过其结构来定义其类型，包括卧式，固定工作台式，龙门式和专用铣床。,牛头刨床,金属切削加工设备，利用住复运动的刀具切割已固定在机床工作平台上的工件一般用来加工较小工件)。机床的刀架似牛头，故名。滑枕带着刨刀，作直线住复运动的刨床，因滑枕前端的刀架形似牛头而得名。牛头刨
2、床主要用于单件小批生产中刨削中小型工件上的平面、成形面和沟槽。牛头刨床的主运动为电动机变速机构摇杆机构滑枕往复运动；牛头刨床的进给运动为电动机变速机构棘轮进给机构工作台横向进给运动。,磨床,磨床使用磨粒进行切削，磨粒粘接在一起形成不同形状不同尺寸的砂轮和砂带用于切削。磨削可以带来高质量的工件表面。另外，工件的尺寸精度在磨削过程中以0.00025的精度得到提高。使用不同种类的磨床可以加工工件的内外表面。相同的加工方法-使用不同形式的研磨介质诸如粘接剂，粉状颗粒和磨粒-还包括研磨，珩磨和圆形砂轮磨削。磨床类型由加工表面类型来定义。通常有平面磨，外圆磨内圆磨，和专用磨床等。,专业名词Words an
3、d Expressions,1.milling machines 铣床 2.milling cutter 铣刀 3.arbor刀杆 4.spacer垫圈、垫片 5.bushing套 6.yoke支座 7.starting lever起动手柄8.Knee升降台,9.elevating screw升隆丝杆 10.index head 分度头 11.foot stock 分度头支座 12.Universal Milling Machine万能铣床 13.Shaper 牛头刨床 14.planer龙门刨床,15.ram 滑轨 16.vise 台钳 17.fixture 夹具 18.notched wh
4、eel or ratchet棘轮 19.pawl棘爪 20.cross rail横梁 21.grinding machine 磨床 22.grinding wheel砂轮,23.finish 光洁度 24.Cutter grinder 工具磨床 25.surface grinder平面磨床 26.centreless grinder无心磨床 27.internal grinder内圆磨床 28.external grinder 外圆磨床 29.Wheel head 磨头,Themilling machine（铣床）is a machine that removes metal from wor
5、k with a revolving milling cutter（铣刀）as the work is fed against it.,译文：铣床是一种当工件向铣刀进给时,铣刀旋转着从工件上切除金属的机床。“that”引导定语从句,修饰“machine”;“as”引导时间状语从句,意为“当时候”。,The milling cutter is mounted on anarbor（刀杆）where it isheld in place（定位）byspacers（垫片）orbushings（套筒）.The arbor is fixed in the spindle with one end,whi
6、le the other end of the arbor rotates in the bearing mounted on thearbor yoke(刀杆座).,译文：铣刀安装于刀杆上，通过垫片或者套筒进行定位。刀杆的一端固定于主轴上，刀杆的另一端则安装于刀杆座上的回转轴承上。,The spindle of the milling machine is driven by an electric motor through a train of gears mounted in the column.The table of theplain milling machine（普通铣床）m
7、ay travel only at right angles to the spindle while theUniversal Milling Machine（万能铣床）is provided with a table.,译文：铣床的主轴是由一台安装在立柱上的电动机通过一系列齿轮传动所驱动的。普通铣床的工作台只能沿着垂直于主轴的方向运动，而万能铣床(如图12-2)可以做到。连词“while”连接的表示转折的并列句。,Shaper（牛头刨床）(Fig.13-3)The machine tools of this group are generally used for machining fl
8、at surfaces,which is usually performed by a cutter that peels the chip from the work.The main motion is reciprocating and the feed is normal to the direction of the main motion.,译文：通常由一个刀具从工件上切削屑片来完成的这组的机床通常用于加工平面。它的主运动是往复和进给是正常的主运动方向。,The tool and theapron（挡板）of a shaper are located on theram（骨枕）.A
9、 chip is peeled off the work on the forward stroke.An adjustable table with“T”slots holds work,vise,and other fixtures for holding the work.译文：牛头刨床的刀具和挡板位于骨枕。切削片在前进冲程的过程中被剥落。“T”型的可调节工作台-工件槽，台钳，和其他用于固定工件的夹具。,The shaper has arocker arm（摇臂）which drives the ram,and a mechanism for regulating the length
10、of thestroke（冲程）The ram supports the tool head.The head carries thedown-feed（向下进刀）mechanism and will swivel from side to side to permit the cutting of angles.This is generally hand feed,but some shapers are equipped with a power down-feed in addition to the regular hand down-feed.,译文：牛头刨床有一个驱动滑枕 的摇杆
11、，和一个调节冲击长度的机制，滑枕是用来支撑刀架的。刀架用来完成进刀，可以从一侧旋转到另一侧来改变切割角度。整体上来说这是人工进刀，但是有些牛头刨床除了手动进刀外，还加了电动进刀结构。,The table of the shaper is of box form with“T”slots on the top and sides forclamping（夹紧）the work.The crossrail（导轨）is bolted directly to the frame or column of the shaper with bolts.The automatic feed or power
12、 feed is obtained by a pawl which engages in anotched wheel（棘轮）orratchet（棘轮）.The main parts of the planer include the bed,the table that moves back and forth,the column and the tool heads.,译文：,牛头刨床的工作台是“T”型的-为了在顶槽和两侧夹紧工件。导轨直接用螺栓被固定到牛头刨床的机架和立柱上。自动进给或供电是由棘轮或棘齿上的棘爪获得。该刨床主要部分包括床身，前后移动的工作台，立柱和刀架。,Grindin
13、g machines（磨床）A grinding machine is a machine which employs agrinding wheel（砂轮）for producing cylindrical,conical（圆锥的）or plane surfaces accurately and economically and to the proper shape,size,and finish.Thesurplus（多余的）stock（原料）is removed by feeding the work against the revolving wheel or by forcing
14、the revolving wheel against the work.There are a great variety ofgrinding machines.The machines that are generally used arecutter grinders（刀具磨床）,surface grinders（表面磨床）,centerless grinders（无心磨床）,external grinder（外圆磨床）,internal grinder（内圆磨床）.,译文：磨床是一台采用了一个砂轮用于制备圆柱形，圆锥形或准确和经济的平面，使其具有适当的形状，大小和粗糙度的机器。工件上
15、多余的原料通过进给旋转砂轮被移除。磨床种类很多，通常使用的机器有刀具磨床、平面磨床、无心磨床、外圆磨床、内圆磨床。,Principal parts of a Plain Grinding Machine：1.Base（基座）.Themain casting（主要铸件）of a plain grinding machine is a base that rests on the floor.2.Table（工作台）.A sliding table，which is mounted on ways at the front and top of the base，may be moved long
16、itudinally by hand or power to feed workpieces past the face of the grinding wheel.,译文：一台普通磨床的主要部件有：1.基座，一个普通的磨床的主要铸造是安置在地板上的基座。2.工作台，一个滑动的工作台，它被安装在位于前部和顶部的基本位置，可以通过手动或电动纵向进给工件，到达砂轮的表面。,(3)Headstock and Tailstock.A motor-driven headstock and a tailstock are mounted on the left and right ends,respect
17、ively,of the swivel table for holding work-pieces on centers.The headstock center on a grinder is a dead center that is both centers are“dead”to insure concentricity of the periphery of ground work with its axis.译文：主轴承和尾座。电机驱动的主轴箱和尾座一左一右分别被安装在工件旋转台的两边。主轴承的中心是，以确保基准的外围和轴心线同心。,(4)Wheel head.A wheel head that carries a grinding wheel and its driving motor is mounted on a slide at the top and rear of the base,The wheel head may be moved perpendicularly to the table ways,by hand or power,to feed the wheel to the work.译文：磨头，带有磨轮和驱动电机的磨头被安装在基座后方顶部的滑台上。磨头可以通过手动或电动的方式垂直移动到工作台，进给磨轮到达工件。,谢谢！,
