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1、Focus on Korea,Korean Identity,History and Politics,Map of Korea Today,King Sejong and the Invention of Hangul,Hangul:The Korean Alphabet,The South Korean Flag,Three components of a nation:the land,the people,and the government,The North Korean Flag,Blue:desire for PeaceRed:revolutionary spiritWhite
2、:purity,dignity,strengthStar:Korean workers PartyWhite disc:universe,South Korean money today,Money is called WonExchange rate is about 1000 to 1,North Korean Money,Called WonExchange rate:2.15 to 1,Origins of Korean People,Members of the Altaic Language Group,emigrated from near Lake Baikal,King Ch
3、i Wu“Red Devil”of the Baidal kingdom(3,000 B.C.),Stone tools,Excavation of the Go-Choson kingdom(3rd to 1st Millennium B.C.,Prehistoric dolmens in Korea,Chessboard type dolmens in the South,Mountain dolmens,Dan-gun and the mythological origins of the Korean people,Koreas Bronze Age:10th century B.C.
4、,Bronze mirror and bronze rattle,Koreas Iron Age:300 B.C.,Proto Three Kingdoms Period,Jar coffins,Three Kingdoms:Koguryo,Paekche and Silla:3rd Century A.D.to 668 AD,Paekche:Tribes in Southwest begin to unite around 3rd century A.D.,Threat by Chinese Wei dynasty caused tribes to unitePaekche depended
5、 upon alliances with Yamato(Japan)and Kaya to retain independenceBuddhism became important,Brick tomb of King Muryeong of the Paekche dynasty,Silla:Unification begun in 57 BC but first ruler was King Naemul(356AD),Grew in Koreas Southeast,separated form Paekche(and Chinese influence)by mountainsEnga
6、ged in military struggles with Paekche and Kaya,absorbing Kaya in the 6th centuryCharacterized by strong,independent women,including Queen Sondok(632-647)Scientific advances,especially in astronomy,Cheomseongdae:observatory from 647:old Silla Kingdom,Silla,5-6th centuries,Heavenly Horse Tomb,Koguryo
7、:Expanded with fall of Chinese Han dynasty to control Manchuria and North Korea by 391,King Kwanggaeto conquered 65 walled cities and 1,400 villages,Ancient capital of Koguryo(Jip-ahn),General Ulichi Mundak,most famous Koguryo general(7th century),Koguryo Womens attire(based on cave painting),Carria
8、ge from wall tomb(Koguryo),Hunting scene from 6th century Koguryo tomb,Koguryo tomb,Buddhism was introduced in the 4th century:relics of early Buddhism,Confucianism became the basis of three kingdoms governments,Confucian temple:gate and mortuary house,Confucian academy in present day North Korea,Mo
9、dern Confucian Ceremony,Unified Silla Kingdom:668-918,Silla and the Tang Dynasty of China,Tang helped Silla to conquer first Paekche and then KoguryoSilla then had to resist Chinese control for the next 300 years!New political,legal and educational institutionsDomestic and foreign trade(China and Ja
10、pan)flourishedMedicine,astronomy and math flourished,Geongju:Capital of Unified Silla,Today an open air museum,one of Koreans World Heritage sites.,Kim Yu-shins tomb:one of Sillas unifiers,Bell from Geongju(Capital of unified Silla),Tomb of the Heavenly Horse,Gold work:Girdle with Pendants,Pottery:I
11、ncense burner,Buddha sculptures,Zodiac figures:The Boar,Hwangnyong pagoda:destroyed by Mongols,Sarira Reliquaries,Sokkuram Grotto,Bulgaksa Temple,Plan of Bulgaksa,Bulgaksa Temple,Parhae Kingdom,Established by General from KoguryoFought and contained SillaRued parts of Manchuria and North KoreaEventu
12、ally defeated by Kitan uprising in 10th century,Koryo Dynasty:918-1392),General Wang Kon:founder of dynasty,Collapse of Silla gave opportunity to create new dynastyThreatened by Kitan Liao tribesThriving commercial,intellectual and artistic activities(100 years)Imitates Chinas Song dynastyAlly again
13、st Kitan,Koryo Intellectual Achievements,Great strides made in printing and publication1234:invention of movable metal typeCraving of the Buddhist Tripitaka in wood blocksPainting became important art formPottery production:celadon glazes form important export commodity,Carving of the Tripitaka Kore
14、anna in Haeinsa monastery,Map of Haeinsa(Haein Monastery),Haeinsa Main Hall,Haeinsa Stupa(reliquary),The Making of Korean Celadon,Celadon ware:Koreas trade goods,Painting became an art of the literati,Mongol Invasion of Korea,1258:Koryo overthrown by Mongols1279:Korea incorporated in to the Yuan emp
15、ire of China1392:Choson(Yi)Kingdom foundedCultural Flourishing and struggle for independence,Korea:Part of the Yuan Dynasty:1279-1368,Khubilai Khan:conqueror of China and KoreaEnlists Koreans in attempt to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281Defeat by divine winds:KamikaziKoryo kings marry Mongol princesse
16、s,General Yi Song-gye founds the Choson Dynasty,Moved the capital from Kaesong to modern day Seoul(Hanyang)Gate to Gyeongbokgung Palace,Gyeongbokgung Hall,Economic and political repression of Buddhism,Land reform stripped monasteries of land-land not on tax rolls-peasant tenant farmers on land owned
17、 by templesPolitical attacks stripped monasteries of power-great power in Koryo-great corruption in monasteriesResults:decline in religious fervor and Buddhism,Triumph of Confucianism,Creation of the hereditary Yangban classRule by literatiUse of Confucian rituals in governmental businessConfucian s
18、chools and development of Confucian philosophy,Choson dynasty:1392-1910,The Yangban class:literati rule both civil and military functions,Brush holder and tablet,Portrait of an official,Gateway to Suwon Confucian Temple,Confucian temple lecture hall,Inner Shrine of Confucian Temple,Portrait Hall:Pic
19、tures of Confucius and disciples,Ondul Underfloor heating:Koreas conquest of winter,18th and 19th century porcelian,Suwon walled city,Approaching one of the gates,Southwest Secret gate,Command Post,West Gate,Japanese invasions:1592 and 1597,Admiral Yi invents the turtle boat,Decline of the Choson Dy
20、nasty:17th and 18th centuries,Attacks by Japanese and ManchusWeak rulersEconomic depressionSirhak movement:practical philosophyDiscontented scholars and government officialsComing of Western ideasNatural Calamities,Korea:the Hermit Kingdom,Forced opening to the West and to JapanJapan forced Korea to
21、 sign an unequal treaty(1876),opening three Korean ports and giving Japanese citizens extraterritoriality China and Japan both try to control Koreas foreign relationsWestern powers seeks trade and treaties,Japanese conquest of Korea,Japan and China struggle for support at the Korean courtThe Tonghak
22、 rebellion(1894)is the excuse for the Sino-Japanese War over KoreaThe resulting Treaty of Shimonoseki gave Japan hegemony over KoreaJapan forces passage of measure designed to prevent more uprisingsKorea reforms:abolishes classes,liberates slaves,abolishes civil service exams,Korea becomes a Japanes
23、e colony,The Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905 results in Russia“acknowledging Japans paramount political,military and economic interest in Korea”In the Taft-Katsura Agreement(US and Japan)gives Japan a free hand in Korea in exchange for Japan giving the US a free hand in the Philippines.In 1910:Japan
24、 annexes Korea as its second colony,Japan annexes Korea:1910,Korea under Japanese rule,Japan disbands the Korean Army,Koreans protest Japanese occupation and call for Korean Independence,World War II and Koreas Role,Great Repression in the 1930sBuild up industry in the North to serve Japanese War ai
25、msBuild up agriculture in the South:Rice shipped to JapanForced recruitment of Korean soldiersForced recruitment of Korean women to serve as“comfort women”Western thought replaces traditional thoughtEducation in Japanese,The Japanese surrender and the division of Korea,Russia takes surrender in the
26、NorthUS takes surrender in the South,North and South Korea:temporary or Permanent,Truman and Stalin agree to divide at 38th parallelTruman and Stalin agree to 5-year trusteeship during which Korea prepare for full independenceJoint US-USSR commission set up to administer KoreaProtests from Korean po
27、litical parties,both right and left,Economic Problems,Heavy industry in NorthAgriculture in SouthSouth dependent upon North for electricity to run its lights and industriesSouth depends upon Northern coal for fuelMost industry had been owned by Japanese:now bereft of managersGreat influx of refugees
28、:several million return to Korea,Changing US policy,1947;convinced that the Communists would lose in China,decide to rebuild Japan as ally in AsiaWorsening Cold War with Berlin blockade(1848):end of co-operation with RussiaSyngman Rhee sets up first Korean government in South(1848South Korean Army f
29、ormed)US withdraws most troops from Korea,June,1949,North Korea:a success story(1945-1950),Communist Party under Kim Il-Sung forms first provisional and then permanent governmentReorganizes and strengthens armed forcesRebuilds industry with Soviet help,The Korean War:1950-1953,Post-War South Korea:R
30、oad to Democracy,Rule of Syngman Rhee:1946-1960Rebuild Southern industry and agricultureMassive American aidConstant opposition to his political repressionImproved education at all levels:student revolts bring down governmentDemocratic interlude:1960-1961:military junta takes over and Park Chung Hee
31、 rules 1961-1979Koreas economic progress continues,Koreas economic miracle,Transition from military rule to democratic rule:1980s and 1990s.Large industrial conglomerates emerge similar to the Japanese Zaibatsu of war yearsKorea emerges as a“tiger”of AsiaKorea intends to beat JapanHighly literate an
32、d homogeneous society,North Korea:Communism and Isolation,Kim Il-Sung:The Great Leader,Kim Il-Sung and his anti-Japanese partisan army,Kim Il-Sung leading the nation,Celebration of Kims birthday,Juche:the North Korean way to Independence,Kim Jong-Il:The Dear Leader,Rapprochement with the South:Kim Jong-Il and Kim Dae Jung,
