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1、2023/8/17,1,白 内 障 病 人 护 理(Nursing for Cataract Patients),Taian Health School 纪 建 光,2023/8/17,2,晶状体在眼球内的位置(Position of Lens in the Eye),2023/8/17,3,2023/8/17,4,Egg,Pullet,2023/8/17,5,Egg White,EggYolk,2023/8/17,6,EggShell,2023/8/17,7,2023/8/17,8,晶状体的特性(Properties of Lens),1.Transparent(透明的)Body2.Prot
2、ein pruti:n 3.Convex knveks（Degree：1000-1200）,2023/8/17,9,Definition：广义上讲，任何因素导致晶体(lens)出现浑浊(turbidness)t:bidnis 都可称为(cataract),Disease Description,2023/8/17,10,白内障国情(National Conditions）1.6000 万(sixty million)白内障患者 2.100万(one million)白内障患者应施行手术 3.每年新增患者40万(four hundred thousand)4.人口老龄化，患者逐年增加，白内障治疗
3、、护理任务项繁重(A burdensome task),2023/8/17,11,白内障临床分类(Classification of Clinic),2023/8/17,12,一：Senile Cataract si:nail 年龄相关性白内障(age-related cataract）,2023/8/17,13,二：Traumatic Cataract tr:mtik 外伤性白内障:眼球穿孔伤、钝挫伤,2023/8/17,14,三：Metabolic Cataract,metblik 代谢性白内障：糖尿病，甲状腺疾病,2023/8/17,15,四：Congenital Cataract kn
4、denitl 先天性白内障,2023/8/17,16,五：Medicamentous Cataract 药物性中毒性白内障：长期使用“类固醇”药物 六：Radiated Cataract reidieitid 辐射性白内障：因放射线所致,2023/8/17,17,老年性白内障 Senile Cataract,2023/8/17,18,1.年龄增长，晶状体逐渐混浊，即为老年性白内障。一般起于4045以后2.主要病因:氧化损害(Oxidative Damage)ksideitiv 3.临床表现:眼前阴影和渐进性、无痛性视力减退(Visual Deterioration)di,tirirein,20
5、23/8/17,19,Nursing Assessment,(一)Health History 1.年龄(Age)2.外伤(Trauma)3.营养(Nutrition)4.遗传(Heredity)hirediti 5.代谢(Metabolize)mtblaiz 6.全身病(General Disease),2023/8/17,20,身体状况(Physical Condition),1.症状(Symptom),渐进性视力下降(Gradual Visual Deterioration）di,tirirein,2023/8/17,21,Clinical Stages,一期(Initial Stage
6、)1、无视力下降（对视力无影响）2、皮质内出现空泡，水裂和板层分离，从周边逐渐向中央扩大，呈“羽毛状”或 楔形浑浊3、此期发展缓慢，可经数年,2023/8/17,22,2023/8/17,23,二期：膨胀期(Dilatational Stage)1.视力下降 2.晶体呈不均匀浑浊 3.晶体体积变大，将虹膜向前推移 4.前房变浅 5.诱发急性闭角型青光眼 AACG:（Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma),2023/8/17,24,2023/8/17,25,三期：成熟期(Maturity Stage)mtjuriti 1.视力下降至眼前手动/光感 2.晶体灰白色均匀浑浊 3.
7、虹膜投影消失 4.眼底不能窥入,2023/8/17,26,2023/8/17,27,四期：过熟期(Overripe Stage)uvraip 1.视力突然提高(晶体皮质液化外溢 核下沉）2.前房加深 3.虹膜震颤 4.浑浊晶体纤维分解液化，呈乳白色 5.棕黄色晶体核下沉于囊袋下方 6.诱发晶体溶解性青光眼,2023/8/17,28,2023/8/17,29,Physical Sign 白瞳症(White Pupil)是最明显的体征,2023/8/17,30,Nursing Diagnosis,1.感知改变(Perceptual Alteration)2.自理缺陷(Self Care Defic
8、it)3.受伤危险(Risk for Injury)4.知识缺乏(Knowledge Deficit)5.潜在并发症(Potential Complications),2023/8/17,31,Nursing Goals,1.病人视力提高 2.自理恢复 3.避免受伤 4.熟悉相关知识 5.避免并发症,2023/8/17,32,Nursing Interventions,一般护理(Ordinary Providence)1.病房介绍(Ward Introduction)2.饮食指导(Diet Guidance),2023/8/17,33,治疗配合(Therapeutic Alliance)erp
9、ju:tik lains,一：Nursing of Drug(1)维生素类 VitC,VitB2(2)滴眼液:白内停,谷胱甘肽,卡他灵 二：Surgical Care,2023/8/17,34,2023/8/17,35,Preoperative Care,1.抗生素(Antibiotic),ntibaitik眼液 术前3天2.镇静剂3.冲洗结膜囊4.冲洗泪道5.降眼压Intraocular Pressure,intrkjul 6.散瞳孔,2023/8/17,36,2023/8/17,37,2023/8/17,38,2023/8/17,39,2023/8/17,40,Postoperative
10、Care,一：“四位”一体(Four Positions)1.体位(Body)2.头位(Head)3.口位(Mouth)4.手位(Hand)二：预防感染(Infection Prevention)氧氟沙星滴眼液三：定期复查(Regularl Countercheck)one week,one month，six months,2023/8/17,41,Health Education,1.Cause of Cataract2.Symptoms of Cataract3.Diagnosis of Cataract4.Theropy and Nursing Knowledge 5.Prevention of Cataract,2023/8/17,42,Thanks a Lot!,
