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1、New Zealand,National Flag of Australia,National Flag of New Zealand:the Union Jack and the stars of the Southern Cross 南十字星座,Introduction,Official name New ZealandCapital Wellington 惠灵顿Area 270,534 sq km(The size of the country is similar to Britain or Japan.)Population 4,173,460(July 2008 est.),str
2、ucture,GeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernment and Politics,GeographyThe Geographical Features:New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole.Itislocated within the Ring of Fire,a region encircling the Pacific Ocean where the movement of tectonic地质 构造的
3、plates 板块 leads to volcanic and seismic5saIzmIk 地震 activity.,It has two main islands:North Island and South Island.,Mount Cook,Mt Cook库克山:the highest peak,3,754 meters high,Lake Taupo,Lake Taupo陶波湖 sits in central North Island.It covers 606 sq km;it is 40 km long and 27 km wide.In the surrounding ar
4、ea are numerous geysers喷泉 and hot springs.,The Clutha 克鲁萨:the largest river,336 km long in the South Island.,Plants and Animals Many of New Zealands native flowering plants are unique.A rich variety of trees,treeferns,ground ferns,mosses and other plants make up“the bush”,as New Zealanders call thei
5、r forests.Besides,New Zealand has 250 species of birds including the kiwi,a New Zealand bird with a long beak and hair-like feathers,which cannot fly.It is the national symbol of New Zealand and New Zealanders refer to themselves as Kiwis.,Tree Fern:New Zealands impressive tree fern can grow to a to
6、wering height of 15 meters.With more than 150 fern species growing in New Zealand,the plant has become a national symbol.,Kiwi Fruit奇异果,The brown kiwi几维（一种新西兰产的无翼鸟）；,related to emu,is a small,flightless bird found only in the forest and scrub areas of New Zealand.It is named for its call,which sound
7、s like kee-wee.It feeds primarily on insects,spiders,worms,seeds,and fruits.,structure,GeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernment and Politics,History1.Maori came between 1,000 and 3,000 years ago.Thefirstpeopletosettle New Zealand were the ancestors of the Maori 毛利人who are thought to have called the
8、 islands Aotearoa(“Land of the Long White Cloud”).长白云之乡2.Europeans came in the 17th centuryAbel Tasman:a Dutch navigator,the first European to visit New Zealand in 1642Captain James Cook:the first Englishman to visit New Zealand in 1769,3.The Treaty of Waitangi 1840The Treaty of Waitangi was signed
9、on 6th February,1840 by Governor William Hobson and 50 Maori chiefs.By the terms of the Treaty,Great Britain formally proclaimed sovereignty over the island and agreed to respect the landownership rights of the Maori,who placed themselves under the protection of the British government.February 6th i
10、s now celebrated as New Zealands National DayWaitangi Day 威坦哲日,怀唐伊日。,4.After 1840SettlementofNewZealand from the British Isles and Australia began in earnest after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi.TheEuropeanpopulation of New Zealand grew from about 1,000 in the 1830s to nearly 60,000 in 1858,a
11、nd then rocketed to 500,000 by the early 1880s.,structure,GeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernment and Politics,culture,New Zealands culture is rich and diverse due to the blending of Polynesian and European cultures.The influence of Maori,Pacific Island,European and Asian cultures makes New Zealan
12、d a colourful and vibrant place with many different customs and food to enjoy.,First part,MAORI CULTURE,The Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand,they are Polynesian and comprise about 14 percent of the countrys population.Te reo Maori is the native language which is related to Tahitian and
13、 Hawaiian,Maoritanga 毛利人文化和风俗习惯Three stages of cultural development:Theearliestcultural tradition in New Zealand was that of the Maori,who developed a rich and diverse Polynesian culture in geographic isolation from the other cultures of Polynesia.European settlers brought with them their own tradit
14、ions,which eventually dominated the countrys cultural life.Since the 1950s the cultural fabric of New Zealand has become increasingly diverse with the immigration of peoples from the Pacific Islands and Asia.,Maoritanga means Maoriculture,the Maori way of life and view of the world.TraditionalMaoric
15、ulture is expressed in song,dance,oratory,woodcarving,weaving,and architecture.In the 1980s they initiated a revival of their language and other traditions.By that time many Maori had assimilated into the predominant European culture.The majority of Maori had become urban dwellers,and most younger M
16、aori did not know the Maori language.Today Maori culture thrives in both traditional and reinvented traditions.,New Zealand Houses:The red and white house shown here is probably owned by a Maori family.,Te Hau Ki Turanga,Wellington:The National Museum,in Wellington houses a wide array of traditional
17、 Maori pieces,including the Te Hau Ki Turanga,an elaborately carved,mid-19th century Maori meeting house.,Maori Woodcarving:Woodcarving is a traditional art form of the Maori people.Maori houses and communal buildings often incorporate ornate 装饰的 woodcarvings.,Maori Woodcarving,Maori Haka Dance:Thea
18、trical performances are a celebrated part of the Maori culture in New Zealand today.Here a Maori storyteller dressed in a traditional costume performs the haka dance.The dance,which Maori men once performed before going into battle,is characterized by heavy stomping,跺脚 loud chanting,and aggressive b
19、ody movements.,Maori protest march in Wellington,Maori protest march in Wellington,Maori Carving,food,New Zealand Food is similar to Australian food:both their roots are in British and Irish foods.There are differences,however.Maoris(indigenous New Zealanders)and immigrants from other Pacific Island
20、s make up a significant proportion of the population.Consequently,there is a strong Polynesian influence in New Zealand cuisine.Ancient staples like“Kumara”(a sweet potato),play a large role in the Kiwi Recently,other international flavors,especially from South East Asia,have been fused with more tr
21、aditional New Zealand recipes.,Lemon&Paeroa-New Zealands World Famous Drink,structure,GeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernment and Politics,Second part,economic,The economy of New Zealand is a market economy which is greatly dependent on international trade,mainly with Australia,the European Union,
22、the United States,China and Japan.It has only small manufacturing and high-tech sectors,being strongly focused on tourism and primary industries like agriculture(though both sectors are highly profitable).Economic free-market reforms of the last decades have removed many barriers to foreign investme
23、nt,and the World Bank in 2005 praised New Zealand as being the most business-friendly country in the world,before Singapore.,Primary products,Agriculture and horticulture,forestry,fisheries,energy and minerals are the primary natural resources of New Zealand.The most valuable of these product groups
24、,providing a high proportion of New Zealands export earnings is agriculture and horticulture which incorporates the production of sheep meat,beef,wool,dairy produce and hides,deer,goats and cereal products.In fact,agricultural products total more than 50%of all New Zealand exports.,TheeconomyofNewZe
25、aland largely relies on overseas trade because it lacks many mineral resources and has only discovered small reserves of oil.It needs to import minerals to keep its economy running.Other imports include manufactured goods,heavy machinery,petroleum,chemicals,iron and steel,plastic materials and texti
26、les.,In recent years New Zealand has developed its agriculture and manufacturing industries to suit the needs of the international markets.It is one of the worlds largest exporters of meat,dairy products and wool.Industries such as forestry,horticulture 园艺,fishing,manufacturing,and tourism have also
27、 become increasingly significant.,GDP,The New Zealand GDP per capita is for instance less than that of Spain and about 60%that of the United States.Income inequality has increased greatly,implying that significant portions of the population have quite modest incomes.Further,New Zealand has a very la
28、rge current account deficit of 8-9%of GD,tourism,Tourism is a fundamental contributor to New Zealands economy and way of life.Tourism contributes close to 10%of gross domestic product(GDP)as well as directly and indirectly employing nearly one in ten New Zealanders.Importantly,and despite more chall
29、enging times in the past 12 months,tourism remains one of New Zealands largest foreign exchange earners.The graph below shows how tourism and its contribution is felt at national,regional and local levels throughout the New Zealand economy.,Mt Taranaki,Queenstown,Lake Rotorua,structure,GeographyHist
30、oryCultureEconomicGovernment and Politics,Government and Politics,Political PartiesTwo-party system:the National Party and the Labor Party,First-level political divisions12 regions and 4 unitary authoritiesConstitutionNo written constitution;political system closely modeled on that of the United Kin
31、gdom.,Beehive 蜂窝,Wellington:The Beehive,named for its appearance,is part of the parliamentary complex in Wellington,the capital of New Zealand.The building houses the offices of the prime minister and the cabinet.,In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to extend the vote to women.
32、The New Zealand women shown here participating in an election in Wellington North were exercising their right to vote for the first time.,Helen Clark In 1999 Helen Clark,leader of the Labor Party,became the first female prime minister in New Zealand.She won her third election in September,2005(three
33、 years for one term).,Voted for Change:John Key celebrates National Partys victory during New Zealand General election in Auckland,Nov.8,2008.,John Key,Third part,New Zealand and China celebrated 38 years of diplomatic relations on 22 December 2010.The bilateral relationship has grown to become one
34、of New Zealands most valuable and important.As a global and regional power,New Zealandssecond-largest trading partner,and a major source of migrants,students and tourists,China is important to New Zealand as a bilateral,regional and multilateral partner.The China-New Zealand relationship is characte
35、rised by regular high-level contacts,an expanding range of official dialogues-both formal and informal,healthy and diversifying trade and economic flows in both directions,and strengthening people-to-people contacts.,Relationship with china,this picture is chinas vice chairman meets with new zealand prime minister.,THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING,
