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1、1,猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择,先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部荣 强,2,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪支原体肺炎,(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPS)Enzootic Pneumonia(EP),3,M.hyo Disease猪支原体肺炎,First isolated from pig lungs in 19651965年首次在猪肺脏中分离One of the most common and economically important diseases最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一A complex interaction betw
2、een M.hyo and other bacterial and viral infections,and poor management and ventilation.主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。,4,M.hyo Disease,One of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex(PRDC)引起PRDC 的原发病原之一Affects as many as 99%of U.S.herds99的美国猪群都有感染World-wide signific
3、ance世界范围内养猪生产中流行,5,M.hyo disease,Economic effects are extremely variable between herds.不同猪群的经济影响差异较大Dependent on cost of inputs,price of pigs,other diseases,etc.取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。A MOVING TARGET.,6,M.hyo Disease,Reduced average daily gain(ADG)降低日增重Reduced feed efficiency(FE)降低饲料报酬Increased medica
4、tion costs增加药物成本Increased cull or light-weight pigs增加淘汰或低体重的猪Etc.,7,8,M.hyo Economic Losses,M.hyo decreased growth rate 12.7%and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8%(Pointon,et al,1985)肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%,9,M.hyo disease,Transmission between pigs:aerosol and direct contact猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触Transmi
5、ssion between farms:movement of infected pigs 猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动Aerosol between farms:Britain 3.2 km猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里,10,M.hyo Disease,Clinical signs include:临床症状chronic cough(often dry or nonproductive)慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）high morbidity and low mortality高发病率和低死亡率uneven groups of pigs猪群内生长不整齐,11,M.hyo disease,Peak
6、 prevalence in Finisher because of:在育肥期多发的原因：Long incubation period：潜伏期长Slow spread传播缓慢Increased animal density养殖密度加大Presence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现,12,M.hyo Pathogenesis,M.hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling,splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function o
7、f mucociliary apparatus.支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。,Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia,A mucosal pathogen,14,15,16,M.hyo Pathogenesis,There is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function(Caruso and Ross,1990)破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能,17,18,M.hyo Disease,Secondary bacterial infectio
8、ns:继发细菌感染Pasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Streptococcus suis链球菌Haemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or“thumping”,19,M.hyo Disease,There are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus,Pseudorabies(PRV),PRRS，PCVI
9、I还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型,20,21,22,Mycoplasma hyopneumonia:Control and Prevention猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治,23,M.hyo Control and Prevention,Medication药物Management管理Vaccination免疫,24,M.hyo Medication,Antibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary in
10、fections.田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。,25,M.hyo Medication,Lincomycin:results inconsistent林可霉素Tiamulin:results inconsistent支原净Quinolones:show some promise喹喏酮类Florfenicol:shows some promise纽弗罗Aivlosin:results are good爱乐新,26,M.hyo Medication,One problem with any medication program is that once the medi
11、cation is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.一旦停药，疾病复发,27,M.hyo Prevention and Control,Management factors are important管理十分重要All-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique全进全出是最好的管理方式No more than 3 weeks spread in age年龄差距不要超过3周Medicated Early W
12、eaning(MEW)has been shown to help control the MPS disease早期药物断奶有一定帮助,28,M.hyo Prevention and Control,Management factors(continued)Segregated Early Weaning(SEW)has shown merit早期隔离断奶也有一定好处Vaccination免疫Optimize density and proper ventilation合理化密度，保持良好通风,29,M.hyo Prevention and Control,Key to an effecti
13、ve program to control PRDC(Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex)is an effective M.hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗,30,M.hyo Vaccines,Because the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood,whole-cell vaccines are best.因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。,31,Western Blot
14、Analysis免疫印记分析,M+Pac preserves 15 proteins安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白Product A preserves 11 proteinsA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白Products B and C preserve 8 proteinsB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白,32,M+PAC 安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原,Pfizer Intervet Fort Dodge M+PAC,33,M.hyo Vaccines,Also,because long-lasting immunity is important,it is our belief that an
15、 effective M.hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。,34,Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂,35,Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂,Aluminum Hydroxide(AH)氢氧化铝Water-in-oil(W/O)油包水Oil-in-water(O/W)水包油,36,Aluminum Hydroxide氢氧化铝,Low viscosity粘度低Mild to no reactions温和无刺激Immediate response免疫反应迅速
16、Short-lived immunity免疫期短,37,Water-in-Oil(W/O)油包水,More oil=more viscosity粘度高More irritation刺激大More pain疼痛More stress应激大,38,Oil-in-Water(O/W)水包油,More modern最新型At least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同Less oil=lower viscosity低粘度Less irritation刺激小Less pain疼痛少Less stress(pigs and people)应激小,39,M.hyo Vaccine A
17、djuvants,M+PAC SPAH O/W+AHRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂Respifend Fort Dodge AHIngelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OPorcilis Intervet AHHyoresp Merial AH,40,Introducing new M+Pac,41,Check other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:,Reduced lung lesionsLess coughingHigher antibody titersHigher cel
18、l-mediated immunityExclusive Emunade adjuvant1 ml administration,42,Emunade,a revolutionary new dual-action adjuvant革命性的双相佐剂,The key to M+Pacs superior performance安百克优良性能的关键Faster acting,longer lasting速效、长效Excellent syringeability良好的通针性,43,Emunade,Aluminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in water氢氧化铝水包油Fast acti
19、ng速效Long lasting长效Stimulates strong cell-mediated immunity刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力,44,Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface.Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response.,45,46,Antigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time.This gradual rel
20、ease allows Emunade to deliver prolonged immunity.,47,48,Vaccination Schedules免疫程序,Timing(Later is better?)时机One-dose vs.Two-dose一针还是二针Sow Vaccination母猪免疫,49,Vaccination Timing免疫时机,Later is Better.Why?越晚越好Maternal Antibody Interference母源抗体干扰Protection needs to last for entire finishing period保护力需要持续
21、整个育肥期,50,Lung Scores After Vaccination of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4 And 6 Weeks of Age,5.9,5.8,18.8,0,0,5,10,15,20,%of lung lesions,4 weeks,6 weeks,Nonvacc,Non-Chall,*,Significantly lower than nonvaccinated,P,0.02,*,*,51,Efficacy of Vaccination of 1,3,and 6 week old Pigs,3.2,2.8,0.9*,5.0,0,0,1,2,3
22、,4,5,6,Mean pourcentage of,Lung Consolidation,1 week,3 weeks,6 weeks,Nonvacc,Non-,Chall,Age when vaccinated,*Significantly lower than,nonvaccinates,p=0.0026,52,One-dose vs.Two-dose一针免疫还是二针免疫,Theoretical immunology tells us that with an inactivated vaccine,two doses are necessary to achieve peak immu
23、nity.This is very important with M.hyo since we want long-lasting immunity.根据免疫学理论，灭活苗二针免疫才能达到免疫力高峰。这对于肺炎支原体免疫极为重要，因为我们希望支原体的免疫力持久（直到出栏）,53,One-dose vs.Two-doses一针免疫还是二针免疫,Products initially well-received,however in most cases,did not provide adequate protection in face of M.hyo field challenge.即使初次
24、免疫应答良好，但大多数情况下，当面对田间野毒挑战时，还是不能提供足够的保护力。Laboratory vs.“Real World”,54,One-dose vs.Two-doses一针免疫还是二针免疫,The first“one-dose”product has had a problem with syringability and local reactions due to the Water-in-oil adjuvant used.早期的一针免疫疫苗，由于使用了油包水佐剂，存在通针性和局部反应的问题,55,Sow Vaccination?母猪免疫？,Controversial有争议的
25、话题Dr.Kirk Clark work on loss of antibody titers in 3rd Parity sows经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。Decreased Sow to Pig Shedding?能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？,56,Sow Vaccination母猪免疫,If sow herd is vaccinated,especially pre-farrowing,then it is even more important to vaccinate pigs later.如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。,57,M+Pac安百克,Convenien
26、t dosage schedule方便的剂量1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days of age or older.首免1毫升710日龄以上Revaccinate with 1 ml dose 2 weeks after initial vaccination.在首免2周后，二免1毫升Revaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually.每年加强免疫1毫升,58,M+PACTM Vaccination program(cont)安百克免疫程序,Vaccination schedule also can be done according to f
27、arms M.hyo situation:免疫程序也需根据猪场的肺炎支原体发生状况来决定。stage of M.hyo outbreaks and time for vaccination:肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机 nursery/grower pre-fattener post-fattener 保育期/育成期 育肥前期 育肥后期 1wk&3wk 3wk&6wk 6wk&9wk,59,M+PACTM,Check your Mycoplasma vaccine against these advantages:Higher antibody titersReduced lung lesionLess coughingHigher cell-mediated immunityExclusive Emunade adjuvant1ml SQ/IM administration,60,M+PACTM 安百克,Raising the standard in Mycoplasma Vaccines提高了支原体疫苗的标准,
