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1、Noun clauses,名词性从句,We all are present at the meeting.We all are present at the meeting but John isnt.We all are present at the meeting because it is very important.,简单句,并列句,复合句,我们所有人都出席了会议.,句子划分按结构划分:,简单句,并列句,复合句,名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句),形容词性从句:定语从句,副词性从句:比较状语从句,地点状语从句,时间状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,目的状语从句
2、,方式状语从句,结果状语从句,原因状语从句.,复合句:,We all are present at the meeting.,简单句,分析句子成分,主语,be动词,表语,宾语,同位语,概念:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,连接词：that,whether,if 在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义,不可省略(宾语从句除外)连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoeve
3、r,whom,whose,which.在句中充当成分连接副词：when,where,how,why在句中做状语,连接词:,主语从句 The Subject Clause,一.定义:在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。,What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a good thing.,For example:,二.连接词:连词that，whether;连接代词：who,what,which;连接副词：when,where,how,why等.三.主语从句的两种结构:主语从句可以放句首；也可以放句末，用it 做形式主
4、语.For example:,2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided.=It hasnt been decided whether he will come.,That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1.It+be+形容词+that从句,（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam.（2）It is possible that he told her
5、everything.,2、It+be+名词词组+that从句,(1)It is a pity that we cant go.(2)It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,(1)It is said that he is the best student in the class.(2)It is thought that Joe drives badly.,3、It+be+过去分词+that从句,4、It+不及物(happen,appear等)动词+that从句。(1)It happened that I was
6、out that day.,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.一个主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数；2.如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数；3.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。,注意,How and why he did the experiment are unknown to all.2.How he did the experiment and why he did the experiment is unknown to all.3.When he did the experiment has not been dec
7、ided yet.,is,are,2.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.,are,is,宾语从句 The Object Clause,一.在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。,二.宾语从句类型:1).作动词宾语,I dont know that you will come here.I wonder what he has done.,2).作介词宾语The teacher is satisfied with what I said.He is thin
8、king about how to solve the problem.,3).用作某些形容词的宾语：,这类形容词常见的有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等。表示某种情感的形容词.(1)I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.(2)I am sure(that)he will win the game.,4)用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he s
9、hould finish the work in two days.,动词find,feel,make,think,believe,consider后有宾补时,则需用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从句后置,这时that不可省略,宾语从句注意事项,1.引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个.,有些动词/动词词组如:like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make/see to/take/owe/depend on+it 后常跟if 或when从句,I hate it when people laugh at the disabl
10、ed.,You may depend on it that you parents will help you whenever you need it.,2.宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里,I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()I believe he wont see you.()I dont believe he will see you.(),注意：如果宾语从句是由I/We+think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中
11、去。,注意：这类句子后若带有反意问句，应采用肯定形式，反意问句部分应于从句主语一致。(宾语从名反意问句要根据主句)I dont believe she knows it,does she?I dont know when he joined the army,do I?,表语从句The Predicative Clause,二.类型:1.放在be动词之后。2.可以放在连系动词 look,remain,seem等后。另外,常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：,It seems that it is going to rain.,The qu
12、estion is whether it is worth doing,一.定义:在复合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句,注意事项：1.在表语从句中，当reason,result,cause,why作主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because，The reason why he was late was he didnt catch the early bus.Why we decided to put off the football match is the weather was too bad.,that,that,2.as if/though,because 也可引导表语从句.
13、as if/though需要注意两种语气.(陈述语气,虚拟语气).because常用于This/That/It is because结构中.,It looks as if its going to rain.,That was because he didnt understand me.,同位语从句 The Appositive Clause,二.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.,一.定义:同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句。,三.能接同位语
14、从句的名词有：fact,idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等(常为抽象名词),四.连接词一般由that引导,也可根据选用whether,what,when,where,等来引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he comes from.There is some doubt whether he will pass the exam.There is no doubt that he will pass the exam.,I still remember the day when I first ca
15、me to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.,注意:when,where 引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关;但引导同位语从句时,其意义与同位的词无关,”什么时候,哪儿”,五.同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句紧跟在名词后面.We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的成分隔开,称为分隔式的同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put
16、off.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,1）定语从句是形容词性的，对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，同位语从句是名词性的，对名词具体内容的补充说明。2）that在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词。that在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词，通常不能省略。,注意事项:,同位语从句,定语从句,解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。,修饰限定；that在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。,The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.,The news that we know from her excited all of us.
17、,1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?(),F,T,T,F,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序,T,判断下列句子是否正确，（T or F）,陈述语序,二.时态：学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一
18、致关系。,在宾语从句中，(遵循直接引语变间接引语的原则)当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：,Mary says that,Tom isnt lazy.Tom is doing well in his lesson.She will ask Tom some questions.Tom may fall behind the others.,She missed us very much.She was writing a letter.She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过
19、去的某种时态。如：,(1)The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：,三.名词性从句中的虚拟语气,1.宾语从句一“坚持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),三“建议”(advise,suggest,propose),四“要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)另附催
20、促与推荐（urgerecommend）+(that)sb(should)do.或是(that)sb/sth(should)be done,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _.,He insisted _.,They requested(that)Tom _.,(that)Tom have a rest,(that)I(should)go with him,(should)be sent to work there,The teacher asked(that)our homework _.,(sho
21、uld)be finished in time,2.在主语、表语、同位语从句中这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should doIt is ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded that(should)doThe/Ones insistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that(should)doa/the suggestion/reque
22、st(等)that(should)do,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(should)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.,3.wish 的宾语从句,1.wish 的宾语从句,与现在事实相反:一般过去时(be 用were)与过去事实相反:过去完成时与
23、将来事实相反:would/could+V.原 should,I wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish/wished I _(have not)eaten so much watermelon.,hadnt,He wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.,could/would become,4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)
24、that.（2）It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.,1).It is important that we _(master)a foreign language.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3).鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。It is _ that a bird _ in trees.,(should)master,(should)refuse,strange,natural,(should)rest,Remember it,a.主语从句中b.表语从句中c
25、.同位语从句中d.介词后的宾语从句中e.Whether后直接跟不定式 to do f.whether 后紧跟or not 引导宾语从句时不用if.G.用if会引起歧义时,只用whether不用if 的情况：,四.,3.whether和if的选用,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.,A.if/whether B.if C.Whether D.that,C,A,C,C,A,C,C,C,Thank you!,Homework,完成三维设计,检测试题中的语法练习,
