相异步电动机的制动控制线路教学.ppt

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1、案例:电动机自由停车的时间较长,随惯性大小而不同,而某些生产机械要求迅速、准确地停车,如镗床、车床的主电动机需快速停车;起重机为使重物停位准确及现场安全要求,也必须采用快速、可靠的制动方式,制动:,机械制动和电气制动,电气制动:,在电动机转子上加一个与转向相反的制动电磁转矩,使电动机转速迅速下降,或稳定在另一转速,常用,三相异步电动机制动控制电路,一、机械制动 当电动机的定子绕组断电后,利用机械装置使电动机立即停转。,电磁抱闸制动器,MZD1系列交流单相制动电磁铁 TJ2系列闸瓦制动器,1线圈 2衔铁 3铁心 4弹簧 5闸轮 6杠杆 7闸瓦 8轴,电磁抱闸制动器结构示意图,电磁抱闸制动器工作原

2、理示意图,1弹簧 2衔铁 3线圈 4铁心 5闸轮 6闸瓦 7杠杆,电源,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,FR,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,FR,M3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,合上电源开关QS,FR,FR,M3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,按下SB2KM线圈得电,FR,FR,M3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁

3、,松开SB2电磁抱闸线圈YB得电,使抱闸的闸瓦与闸轮分开KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动运行,FR,FR,M3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,停:按SB1,接触器KM失电释放电磁抱闸线圈YB也失电,在弹簧的作用下,闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,FR,FR,M3,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,YB,QS,KM1,FR,M3,KM2,KM2,KM1,电路组成分析,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,合上电

4、源开关QS,KM2,FR,FR,M3,FU2,YB,KM2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,按下SB1KM1线圈得电,KM2,FR,FR,M3,FU2,YB,KM2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁,松开SB1KM1联锁触头断开,KM1主触头闭合电动机起动运行电磁抱闸线圈YB不得电,KM2,FR,FR,M3,YB,KM2,FU2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,K

5、M1,KM2,KM1,KM2,停:按下SB2KM1线圈失电释放KM2线圈得电,KM2主触头闭合电磁抱闸线圈YB得电,使闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,FR,FR,M3,YB,FU2,二、电气制动 电动机产生一个和电动机实际旋转方向相反的电磁转矩,使电动机迅速停转。,(一)能耗制动 电动机切断交流电源后,立即在定子线组的任意两相中通入直流电,利用转子感应电流受静止磁场的作用以达到制动目的。,M3,L1L2L3,KM1,FR,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,FR,KM1,KT,KM2,V,U,W,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,电路组成分析,定子绕组直流

6、电通路,KM2,V,KM2,L3,N,V,定子绕组直流电通路,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,合上电源开关QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自锁触头闭合KM1主触头闭合KM1联锁触头分断,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,

7、KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,按下SB2KM1线圈失电KM1自锁触头分断KM1主触头分断KM1联锁触头闭合KM2线圈得电KT线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM2自锁触头闭合KM2主触头分断闭合电动机半波能耗制动KM2联锁触头分断KT瞬时闭合触头闭合松开SB2,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,V,M3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2

8、L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KT延时断开触头延时分断KM2线圈失电KT线圈失电各触头复位,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M3,FR,FR,V,U,W,FU2,FR,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,M3,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,FR,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,电路组成分析,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L

9、1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,合上电源开关QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电,FR,M3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM1自锁触头闭合KM1主触头闭合KM1联锁触头分断松开SB1,FR,M3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1

10、,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,按下SB1KM1线圈失电KM1自锁触头分断KM1主触头分断KM1联锁触头闭合KM2线圈得电KT线圈得电,FR,M3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM2自锁触头闭合KM2主触头分断闭合电动机半波能耗制动KM2联锁触头分断KT瞬时闭合触头闭合松开SB1,FR,M3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,

11、KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KT延时断开触头延时分断KM2线圈失电KT线圈失电各触头复位,FR,M3,FR,(二)反接制动.反接制动原理在停车时,把电动机反接,则其定子旋转磁场便反向旋转,在转子上产生的电磁转矩亦随之变为反向,成为制动转矩。,单向启动反接制动控制,M3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,FR,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,FR,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,F

12、U1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,合上电源开关QS,M3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KM1,KM2,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,按下SB1KM1线圈得电,M3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KS,KM2,KS,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁,松开SB1KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动,运行在转速高到一定值时,KS闭合,M3,KM1,F

13、R,KM2,FR,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停:按下SB2KM1失电释放KM2线圈得电,KM2主触头闭合,电动机串联电阻反接,反接制动KM2自锁触头闭合,M3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停:松开SB2继续反接制动,M3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,n,KM2,KS,当转速降低到一定值时,KS断开KM2线圈失电,各触头复位,M3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KM1,KS,

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