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1、任务5 三相异步电动机的 降压启动控制线路,全压启动：启动时加在电动机定子绕组上的电压为电动机的额定电压。降压启动：利用启动设备将电压适当降低后，加到电动机的定子绕组上进行启动，待电动机启动运转后，再使其电压恢复到额定电压正常运转。电动机的直接启动条件：,一、定子绕组串接电阻降压启动控制线路,电动机启动时，在电动机的定子绕组上串联电阻，由于电阻的分压作用，使加在电动机的定子绕组上的电压低于电源电压，待启动后，再将电阻短接，电动机便在额定电压下正常运行。,.手动控制串联电阻降压启动,电路组成分析,.手动控制串联电阻降压启动,合上电源开关QS1，电动机串联电阻降压启动,.手动控制串联电阻降压启动,
2、合上QS2，电阻R被短接，电动机全压正常运转,M3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,FR,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,合上电源开关QS,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,降压启动:按下
3、SB1KM1线圈得电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,松开SB1,继续电动机降压启动,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KT延时闭合,KM2线圈得电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1
4、,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM2 联锁触头断开,对KM1联锁,KM1线圈失电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM2 自锁触头闭合,自锁KM2主触头闭合,电阻被短路,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁KM1主触头闭
5、合,电动机降压启动KM1动合辅助触头闭合,KT线圈得电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1自锁触头断开,解除自锁KM1主触头断开，电动机全压运行KM1动合辅助触头断开,KT线圈失电,KT延时闭合触头瞬时断开,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,停：按下SB2,M3,FR,FR
6、,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,二、自耦变压器降压启动控制线路,自耦变压器降压启动：在电动机启动时利用自耦变压器来降低加在电动机定子绕组上的启动电压。待电动机启动后，再使电动机与自耦变压器脱离，从而在全压下正常运行。,自耦变压器降压启动原理图,1.手动自耦降压启动器,QJD3系列手动自耦降压启动器外形及电路图,QJ10系列空气式手动自耦降压启动器电路图,2.XJ01系列自耦降压启动箱,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KT,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,TM,U1,V1,
7、W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,合上电源开关QS,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,按SB2 KM1线圈得电,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1联锁触头分断，对
8、KM3联锁，KM1主触头闭合，自耦变压器TM联结成星形KM1动合辅助触头闭合，KM2线圈得电，KT线圈得电,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM2主触头闭合，电动机M接入电机降压启动KM2动合辅助触头闭合，自锁，松开SB2,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KT延时断开的动断触头延时分断K
9、M1线圈失电KT延时闭合的动合触头延时闭合,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1线圈失电KM1动合触头分断KM1主触头分断 电动机M失电惯性运行KM1联锁触头闭合,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3线圈得电KM3 自锁触头闭合，自锁M3主触头闭合 电动机M全压运行,TM,FR,KT
10、,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3联锁触头分断 KM2线圈失电KM2主触头分断KM2自锁触头分断,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KT延时断开的动断触头瞬时闭合KT延时闭合的动合触头瞬时断开,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU
11、1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,停：按SB1,TM,FR,KT,电动机启动时，把电动机的定子绕组接成星形，电动机定子绕组电压低于电源电压起动，启动即将完毕时再恢复成三角形，电动机便在额定电压下正常运行。,三、Y降压启动控制线路,1.手动控制Y降压启动控制线路,QX1型手动Y启动器,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,SB2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,电路组成分析,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,S
12、B2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,合上电源开关QS,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,SB2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,降压启动:按下SB1KT线圈得电KMY线圈得电,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,SB2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,KMY主触头闭合KMY动合辅助触头闭合KMY动断
13、辅助触头断开KM自锁触头闭合KM主触头闭合电动机降压启动,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,SB2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,松开SB1电动机继续降压启动,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,SB2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,KT延时断开的动断触头延时分断KMY线圈失电KMY主触头断开KMY动合辅助触头断开KMY动断辅助触头闭合
14、KM 主触头闭合KM 动断辅助触头断开KT线圈失电电动机全压运行,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KM,SB1,SB2,KM,U,V,W,QS,KMY,KM,KMY,KM,KMY,KT,KM,停:按下SB2,KMY,KT,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器自动控制Y降压启动控制线路,启动时，把定子三相绕组的一部分联接成三角形，另一部分联接成星形，每相绕组上所承受的电压，比三角形联接时的相电压要低，比星形联接时的相电压要高，电动机延边三角形降压启动，待电动机启动运转后，再将绕组联接三角形，全压运行。,四、延边降压启动控制
15、线路,延边三角形降压启动电动机定子绕组的联接方式,原始状态,U1,U2,U3,W3,W1,W2,V2,V3,V1,延边三角形降压启动电动机定子绕组的联接方式,启动时,U1,U2,U3,W3,W1,W2,V2,V3,V1,延边三角形降压启动电动机定子绕组的联接方式,正常运转时,U1,U2,U3,W3,W1,W2,V2,V3,V1,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,QS,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,电路组成分析,M3,KT
16、,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,QS,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,合上电源开关QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,按SB2 KM3线圈得电,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM
17、2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,KM3联锁触头分断，对KM2联锁KM3主触头闭合 联结成延边三角形 KM 动合辅助触头闭合,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,KM1线圈得电KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁,松开SB2 KM1主触头闭合,电动机延边三角形降压启动,KT线圈得电,FU1
18、,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KT线圈得电KT延时断开的动断触头延时分断,KM3线圈失电 KT延时闭合的动合触头延时闭合，KM2线圈得电,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3线圈
19、失电 KM3动合触头分断，KM3主触头分断，电动机失电惯性运行KM2线圈得电KM2自锁触头闭合，自锁,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM2主触头闭合，电动机全电运行 KM2联锁触头断开，KT线圈失电,KT触头复位,KM3,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,QS,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,停:按下SB1,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,1.主要特点：全数字自动控制；启动电流小，启动转矩大、平稳；启动参数可根据负载类型任意调整；可连续、频繁启动；可分别启动多台电机；具有完善、可靠的保护功能。,五、固态启动器,2.工作特性,斜坡恒流启动 脉冲阶跃启动,
