《研究生英语写作.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《研究生英语写作.ppt（26页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、1,Lecture 02,English Writing,Instructor Zheng Li 郑 莉,Office Place:Rm.310,Building 7C,East Campus,2,Overview,In this lecture,you will learnPossibilities for Starting the Expository Essays,and How to write the conclusion.,3,Preview,What is exposition?Exposition is writing that explains or gives inform
2、ation.Patterns of ExpositionCharacteristics of an Expository EssayIntroduction and thesis statement,4,Possibilities for Starting the Expository Essays,AnecdotePersonal ExperienceDescriptionQuestionQuotationAnalogyDefinitionShocking StatementBackground Information,5,Anecdote,While sitting by the conc
3、rete fountain in the mall,I noticed a pudgy man in a red-and-yellow T-shirt.It wasnt his protruding belly that caught my attention;I was drawn to the message on the front of his shirt.Above his sagging waistline was a map of Japan with two stars on it and above the map,the line“Two Bombs Were Not En
4、ough.”Who knows what reasons he had for wearing such ad display of tastelessness,but it is typical of all those offensive little bumper stickers and T-shirt messages that assault us every day.Each one makes us a little less inventive to the next assault.Our culture is reveling in an orgy of bad tast
5、e,and no one seems to mind.,6,Personal Experience,I came to the United States one year ago and I had no idea about life in the United States and American traditions,except that life was complicated and people were strange.At the time I arrived at J.F.Kennedy Airport,I felt very happy because I was f
6、ond of traveling around the world.Coming to America had been one of my dreams.A few minutes later,however,I felt afraid.I asked myself why I had come to this strange world and what I was doing here.I remembered what my friends at home said about Americans treating strangers.After I attended college,
7、however,I discovered the opposite of what I had expected:Americans are friendly to strangers.,7,Description,She does not go out of her way for most people;she almost never gives a party;she rarely invites people to dinner;she seldom calls anyone on the phone.Most people tend to bore her.Is she an un
8、happy,maladjusted recluse?Quite to the contrary,people are attracted to her because she is well adjusted.I admire my friend Anne Lee because she is self-assured and discriminating.,8,Question,Do you see the glass half-full rather than half empty?Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut,not upon the ho
9、le?Suddenly these clichs are scientific questions,as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.,9,Quotation,About one of mans frailties Thomas Wolfe wrote,“he talks of the future and he wastes it as it comes.”This observation is related to a principle by which I try(without always succee
10、ding)to live.I believe living in the present because it is futile to dwell on the past,to worry about the future,to miss anything in the only reality I know.,10,Analogy,Everybody sweats,including me,Richard Simmons,Ronald Reagan and probably you,too.Just what do I sweat over?I sweat over tests,over
11、art critiques,over silly things like my car,friends,family.I sweat when I exercise,and always when I write.Just the mention of writing invariably makes me sweat because it reminds me of exercising.Writing,exercising,sweatingtheyre all the same in my little book of life.,11,Definition,Three passions,
12、simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge,and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.These passion,like great winds,have blown me hither and thither,in a wayward course,over a deep ocean of anguish,reaching to the verge of despair.
13、,12,Shocking Statement,For many people today,reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up with their work they must read letters,reports,trade publications,interoffice communications:a never-ending flood of words.In getting a job or advancing in one,the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean
14、the difference between success and failure.Yet the important fact is that most of us are poor readers.,13,Background Information,Each fall a new crop of first-year college students,wavering between high hopes for the future and intense anxiety about their new status,scan college maps searching for t
15、heir classrooms.They have been told repeatedly that college is the key to a well-paying job,and they certainly dont want to support themselves by flipping hamburgers or working at some dead-end job.So,notebooks at the ready,they await what a college has in store.Unfortunately many of themindeed over
16、 thirty percentwill not return after the first year.Why do so many students leave?There are several reasons.Some find the academic program too hard;some lack the proper study habits or motivation;others fall victim to the temptations of the college environment,and a large group leave for personal re
17、asons.,14,Conclusion,Forms of Writing the Final CommentRestatementSummary Restatement and SummaryFinal Evaluation of the SubjectPrediction of the Future Warning That Alerts the ReaderWitty Remark That Impresses the ReaderStatement of the Essays Broader Implications,15,Restatement,Thesis:Friendship i
18、s both a source of pleasure and a component of good health.Restatement:Circumstances and people are constantly changing.Some friendships last forever;others do not.Nevertheless,friendship is an essential ingredient in the making of a healthy and rewarding life.,16,Summary,Thesis:Although there is a
19、period of about 200 years between the two music giants,they are similar in certain ways.Summary:The names of Beethoven and Lenon are inscribed on the monument to the history of music.They will always be remembered for their unique styles,great productivity,and indomitable personalities.,17,Restateme
20、nt and Summary,Thesis:Soap operas have gained tremendous popularity by creating a more desirable lifestyle for modern viewers.Restatement and Summary:Soap operas are popular not because they are mindless drivel formulated to distract us from our daily chores,but because they present life as many of
21、us want it to be:fast-paced,glamorous,and full of exciting characters.,18,Final Evaluation of the Subject,The renewed enthusiasm in graduate studies is caused by the wish for a better life,the pressure of challenge and the drive to accomplish ones goal.It is shaped by society,but in turn,it also hel
22、ps to shape and benefit society.,19,Prediction of the Future,The great advantage to shorter workweek is that workers have more time off to themselves and their families.However,considering the financial demands upon American families in the future,it may also become common for workers to hold down t
23、o two full-time jobs at one time.Given the American works ethic,most workers will probably fill their free time with more work instead of more leisure.,20,Warning That Alerts the Reader,Finally,when we use a euphemism,we should be aware that we are trying to make an idea more acceptable.At times,thi
24、s may be preferable,but lets not forget that euphemisms camouflage reality.After all,“coloring the truth”is still lying.,21,Witty Remark That Impresses the Reader,Many of us tend to use long words to speak our minds.If they say just what we want,that is okay.However,if big words make the way dark fo
25、r those who hear what we say and read what we write,we might as well use small words.Like fast friends,they wont let us down.,22,Statement of the Essays Broader Implications,In conclusion,although the twentieth century has indeed given us a lot of advantages by making us richer,healthier and freer t
26、o enjoy our lives,it has not made us wiser.The twentieth century has made our Earth dirtier,our people less humane,and our spiritual lives poorer.We should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancements because they have given us freedom to pursue our interests and goals.However,we mus
27、t make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations.Moreover,we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal and mechanized society.,23,Tips on Writing the Concluding Paragraph,Start with a narrow statement to connect the c
28、oncluding paragraph with the previous one.Avoid bringing in any new topic.Maintain the same tone as in the rest of the essay.Dont apologize that you cant offer profound analysis.End the essay briefly and naturally.,24,Compare the two pair of concluding paragraphs.Which ones are more effective and wh
29、y?,Science fiction movies are creators of human emotion.They offer people enough room to set free their imagination and creativity.In science fiction movies,people get what they cant get but hope to gain.They are totally free,so they can enjoy themselves.Science fiction movies are creators of human
30、emotion.They fulfill the dream of getting what people cant get but hope to get in real life.More important,science fiction offers vast room to set free their imagination and creativity for exploring the unknown,mysterious world and satisfy their need of making it better.No wonder producers enjoy mak
31、ing them;audience feel much exhilaration when watching them.,25,No doubt,all of us feel varying degrees of stress which gives us discomfort.On the other hand,stress can affect us in a positive way.Controlled and handled properly,it can turn into a driving force which spurs us forward.To bring it und
32、er control,the first and foremost step is to identify the causes of stress.No doubt,each of us hates too much stress lingering on our mind.Under too much stress,we feel uncomfortable.What is more,the proper level of stress can be changed into a driving force which does us good.So we have every right to know the causes of stress,eliminate stress or change it.,26,Assignments,Write an introduction and a conclusion including the thesis statement on one of the topics given.A Popular SportMy Most Difficult Subject in CollegeAdvertisementsCampus ProblemsViolence on TV,
