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1、Adjust Ring&Pinion Gears,Carrier Adjustments,Carriers require four major adjustments during assembly:1.Pinion bearing preload2.Pinion depth3.Carrier bearing preload4.Backlash,Pinion Gear Adjustments,Pinion Preload,Shims,Collapsible Spacer,Pinion Depth,Shim,Shim,Most pinion preload adjustments are ma
2、de using a collapsible spacer;some use selective shims.Most pinion depth shims are between the gear head and the bearing;some fit between the bearing cup and the carrier.,Crush Sleeve,The collapsible spacer,commonly called a crush sleeve,fits between the upper bearing and the lower bearing or gear.T
3、ightening the pinion shaft nut collapses the sleeve and increases the preload on the bearings.A new crush sleeve is used when the pinion gear is installed.,Nut Crush Sleeve,Checking Preload,The amount of torque required to rotate the pinion gear is being measured using a low-reading torque wrench.If
4、 the amount is too low,the pinion nut will be tightened further to put more preload on the bearings.,Low-reading Torque Wrench,Shim Adjustment,A group of shims are placed between a step on the pinion shaft and the bearings.Thinner shims will increase the amount of bearing preload.,Pinion Gear,Pinion
5、 Preload Shims,Replacing Differential,The differential and ring gear with the carrier bearings has been placed into the carrier with the ring gear contacting the pinion gear.An adjusting shim is being inserted between the left bearing cup and the housing.,Shim,Carrier,Differential Case,Carrier Beari
6、ng Preload,A shim is being inserted between the right side bearing cup and the housing.The thickness of this(right side)shim and the left side shim will determine carrier bearing preload and back lash.Carrier bearing preload occurs when the shims are thicker than the space.,Shim,Checking Back Lash,T
7、he dial indicator is set up using a flexible mount.The measuring stylus is against a ring gear tooth.Back lash is read on the dial indicator by rocking the ring gear back and forth while holding the pinion gear stationary.,Dial Indicator,Ring Gear,Flexible Mount,Ring Gear Tooth Names,The heel is the
8、 outer end of the ring gear tooth,and the toe is at the inner end.The pinion gear exerts driving pressure on the more vertical convex side of the tooth while the more slanted,concave side is called the coast side.,Heel Toe,Coast Side:Concave,Drive Side:Convex,Contact Pattern,Face Flank,Pinion Tooth
9、Contact,Gear Marking Compound,To check gear contact,a thin film of gear marking compound is painted onto the tooth,and the gears are rotated.The rubbing action of the pinion gear should wipe off a contact area that is about one-half the length of the tooth.,Marking Compound,A very thin coating of ge
10、ar marking compound is painted onto the ring gear teeth using a small brush.It is recommended to paint both sides of the gear teeth all the way around the gear.,Painted Teeth,Small Paint Brush,Running a Pattern,The pattern will be more distinct and realistic as more load is placed on the gears.The s
11、crewdriver is being used as a brake to retard the ring gear as the pinion gear is being turned.Note that all of the ring gear teeth should be painted to check the contact of all of the ring gear teeth.,Screwdriver,A Good Pattern,The drive sides of these teeth show a good contact.The pattern is about
12、 one-half the length of the tooth and favors the toe.Under load,the tooth will deflect slightly,and the pattern should become centered.,Gear Contact,Marking Compound(yellow),(Photo Courtesy of Sean Boyle),Ideal Contact Location,Toe,Heel,Drive Side,Coast Side,Gear Marking Compound,Pinion Tooth Contac
13、t,The contact pattern should be centered vertically and horizontally on the tooth and should not run off the tooth.Some technicians prefer that the pattern be shifted slightly toward the toe.Ideally,the pattern should have sharp edges without any smearing.,Ring&Pinion Gears,The carrier and pinion ge
14、ar bearings must be adjusted to the proper preload before trying to run a contact pattern and adjusting pinion depth or backlash.,Pinion Bearings,Carrier Bearings,Pinion Too Shallow,This pattern which runs off of opposite ends of the tooth shows that the pinion gear needs to be moved toward the ring
15、 gear.This will require a different pinion depth shim.,Toe,Heel,Coast Side,Drive Side,Thicker Pinion Depth Shim,Thicker Pinion Depth Shim,A thicker pinion depth shim will move the pinion gear downward,deeper into the ring gear.Changing the shim requires that the carrier be disassembled completely an
16、d then reassembled.,Pinion Too Deep,This is the opposite problem from Slide 17 with the patterns running off the other ends of the teeth.This pinion gear is too deep and must be moved out of the ring gear a slight amount.,Toe,Heel,Drive Side,Coast Side,Reduce Pinion Depth Shim,Thinner Pinion Depth S
17、him,A thinner pinion depth shim will move the pinion gear upward,less deep in the ring gear.Changing the shim requires that the carrier be disassembled completely and then reassembled.,Alternate Pinion Depth Shim,Some drive axles use a removable pinion retainer with depth shims between the retainer
18、and carrier.Pinion depth can be adjusted without disturbing pinion bearing preload.,Carrier,Pinion Retainer,Pinion Depth Shim,Pinion Gear,Insufficient Lash,Both patterns are off the toes of the teeth.This tells us that the ring gear is too close to the pinion gear,and there is not enough back lash.,
19、Toe,Heel,Drive Side,Coast Side,Shift Carrier Bearing Shims,Increase Lash,Moving part of the shim pack from the left side to the right side will move the ring gear away from the pinion gear and increase back lash.,Shim Movement,Excess Lash,Toe,Heel,Drive Side,Coast Side,Both patterns are off the heel
20、s of the teeth.This tells us that the ring gear is too far away from the pinion gear,and there is too much back lash.,Shift Carrier Bearing Shims,Reduce Lash,Moving part of the shim pack from the right side to the left side will move the ring gear closer to the pinion gear and reduce back lash.,Shim
21、 Movement,Threaded Lash Adjustment,This carrier has a threaded adjuster at each of the carrier bearings.These adjusters can be turned inward or outward to adjust carrier bearing preload and lash.,Adjuster Nut,Carrier,Completion,When the carrier has the proper back lash(at a minimum of four locations around the ring gear),the proper preload,and a good pattern all the way around the ring gear,the carrier bearing cap bolts should be tightened to the correct torque.The axle assembly can be assembled and filled with the proper lubricant to the correct level.,
