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1、Repetition,周贝1101901216,在我的后园,可以看见墙外有两株树,一株是枣树,还有一株也是枣树。寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。盼望着,盼望着,东风来了,春天的脚步近了。(朱自清春)沉默呵,沉默,不在沉默中爆发,就在沉默中灭亡,DefinitionClassification examples,Repetition The repeating of any element in an utterance,including sound.a word or phrase,a pattern of accentsor an arrangement of lines.Grolier
2、 Academic Encyclopedia(葛罗里学百科全书)由此可见,Repetition表现形式是多种多样的,既包括词法、句法方面的重复,也包括音韵方面的重复,即音、形、义等不同层次的重复。,Classification紧接反复(Immediate Repetition)间隔反复(Intermittent Repetition)a)Anaphora(首语反复)b)Epiphara(尾语反复)c)Epidiplosis(首位反复)d)Anadiplosis(尾首反复)e)Antistrophe,Regression,Chiasmus(交错反复),Immediate Repetition 紧
3、接反复,即相同的单词、短语或句子紧接着出现,中间不被其他的词语或句子隔开。“Stop it,stop it,stop it”,the woman cried.“Would you please please please please please please please stop talking”.“那就请你,请你,求你,求你,求求你,求求你,千万求求你,不要再讲了,好吗?”To weep for the dead,the dead,the dead.哭泣那些死去的,死去的,死去的,Intermittent Repetition 间隔反复,即相同的单词,短语或句子反复出现,但在中间插入了
4、其他短语或句子。相同的语句反复照应,再三阐述,使文章内容步步深入,给人的感染逐步加深。这种反复常常出现于Parallelism句式之中,形成辞格重叠,但是它仍被视为Repetition.,There she stretched,growing warmer and warmer,sleepier and sleepier.她伸了个懒腰,觉得越来越暖和,越来越想睡。Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,
5、support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.让每一个关心我们或对我们怀有第一的国家知道,我们愿付出任何代价,承受任何负担,迎接任何困难,支持任何朋友,反抗任何敌人,以争取和维护自由。,Anaphora(首语反复)同一单词或短语出现在连续数句的开头,这是反复辞格中最常见的一种形式。Now is the time to make real the promises of Democracy.Now is the time to rise from the dark and d
6、esolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice.Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of Gods children.Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.现在是实现民主的诺言的时候。现在是从种族隔离的荒凉阴暗的深谷攀登种族平等的光明大道的时候。现在是向上帝所
7、有的儿女开放机会之门的时候。现在是把我们的国家从各族不平等的流沙中拯救出来,置于兄弟情谊的磐石上的时候。,首语反复还常用于谚语中:Early sow,early mow.早种早收Easy come,easy go.来得容易去得快。Many men,many minds.十个人,十条心。Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌,Epiphara(尾语反复)尾语反复即在数句的结尾反复使用一个单词或短语。一般来说,句尾是意义重心的所在,是新信息的所在。这种语序结构叫做句尾重心(end weight)。government of the people,by the people,for the
8、 people shall not perish from the earth.一个民有、民治、民享的政府将永存大地。If slavery is not wrong,nothing is wrong.如果奴隶制度不是错的,那么就没有东西是错的。,Epidiplosis(首尾反复)首尾反复即在一个句子的开头和末尾使用一个词或短语,形成首尾呼应。Money is often lost for want of money.财富往往由于追求财富而丧失。Diamond cut diamond.棋逢对手,将遇良才Blood must atone for blood.血债血偿,Anadiplosis(尾首反
9、复)尾首反复即用句子中上一部分的结尾词来作为下一部分的开始,或者在连续两个句子里,后一句句首重复上一句句尾的一个词,使前后两部分首尾蝉联。这种形式玉汉语辞格“顶真”或“联珠”极为相似,重在突出前后两部分的连环关系。How has expectation darkened into anxiety-anxiety into dread-and dread into despair!期望如何变为忧虑忧虑变为恐惧恐惧又变为绝望。He gave his life;life was all he could give.他献出了生命;生命是他所能献出的一切。,Antistrophe,Regression,
10、Chiasmus(交错反复)交错反复即按颠倒的次序重复一个词或短语。Eat to live,and not live to eat.为了活着而吃饭,不要为了吃饭而活着。When the going gets tough,the tough gets going.情况吃紧时,硬汉就吃香。,“反复”与其他辞格兼用a.用于Parallelism之中 We shall go on to the end,we shall fight in France,we shall fight on the seats and oceans,we shall fight with growing confidenc
11、e and growing strength in the air,we shall defend on the beaches,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,we shall fight in the hills.我们将坚持到最后,我们将在法国国土上作战,将在各处海洋上作战,我们的空中力量将愈战愈有信心,愈战愈强,我们将誓死保卫祖国,我们将在滩头作战,在敌人登陆地作战,在乡村田野、城市街头作战,我们将在山中作战,b.使用于Pun之中 Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong,but little sense of right and left.女性的是非观很强,但方向感较差。,Thank you!,