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1、英语写作常见语言错误及其纠正策略-韩 伟,海口市教育研究培训院 韩 伟,E-mail:,请思考如下问题:1、学生写作过程中主要存在哪些方面的困难？2、你在指导学生写作时采用哪些指导策略？3、提高学生英语写作水平最好的方法是什么？,一、了解错误类型，弄清出错原因1、主谓不一致。E.g.when a beggar have enough money,he can use them to buy what he want.2、冠词误用。E.g.My father is doctor and he likes to play the basketball.3、指代不明。E.g.The old man
2、lives alone in a big house and he must look after myself.4、词性误用。E.g.They without food and gave up at last.5、使用赘词。E.g.Yesterday I returned back the books to the library.His performance approached to perfection.Because it was raining hard,so we didnt go to the park.,Sam was the policeman(whom)I asked
3、him for help at the station.6、措词不当。After having supper，the children began to speak stories.He was healthy like an ox.He lifted the heavy box easily.7、修饰语错位。They had enough grain to be stored，so they wanted to find a house which would be enough big as their storehouse,8、句子不完整。With the development of
4、science and technology，we can know the world at home in many ways.For example,by TV,by radio,by internet and so on.9、语句不连贯。At the age of seven,his grandfather died.When he was seven years old,his grandfather died.Water is very important and no it we cannot live.,10、套用母语。He is hard working.You will f
5、ind him in his book room.二、预防为主，将语言错误消灭在萌芽状态1、学习冠词时，教师应帮助学生明白：有些名词在汉语中可能是可数的，但在英语中却是不可数名词，e.g.paper,bread,news,advice等,又如,play后接体育项目时,名词前不用冠词;而接乐器名称时,名词前不用冠词.,2 学习相近相似的词汇.如与”说”有关的单词say,speak,tell,talk,或表示”相遇遇到遭遇”的单词和短语meet,come across,suffer,meet with,encounter,be confronted with3 文化错误.比如“您一路上辛苦了”“y
6、ou must be tired.”“Im afraid you must have had a tiring journey.”虽然语法上正确,但是在这种场合下英语的寒暄语通常是“Did you enjoy your trip?”“Did you have a good trip?”,三 针对错误选择相关练习1 加强基础知识练习 例如,为了让学生辨别与”家”有关的单词family,house,home之间的区别可做如下练习.他家要搬走了.(His family is going to move.)他要搬新家了.(He is going to move to a new house.)他全家人
7、都是老师.(His family are all teachers.)她家被烧毁了,她的家人也去世了,她暂时住在旅馆.(Her house was burnt and her family were dead,so she made her home in a hotel for a time.),请改错:Changes in Green Village The Green Village is far from the Sunshine City.There about eight thousand peoples.In the past,there were very poor.Most
8、of people had a hard life.The communications were not very good.In 1998s,there were taken place a big change.There had appeared ring roads,factory and school.Many children had chance to receive a good education.The communication were very easy and quick.The people had a happy life.,再如,为了分别where在不同上下
9、文中的用法,同时了解从句知识,教师可以要求学生辨别下面从句的类型.He works where he was born.(引导地点状语从句)He works in the city where he was born.(where引导定语从句)He told me where he was born.(where 引导宾语从句)This is where he was born.(where引导表语从句)I have no idea where he was born.(where 引导同位语从句),2 纠正干扰性错误练习(1)我很喜欢这座美丽的城市.错:I very like this be
10、autiful city.正:I like this beautiful city very much.(2)我这部手机已经买了两周了.错:I have bought the mobile phone for two weeks.正:I have had the mobile phone for two weeks.(3)任何人都做不好这件事.错:Anyone cant do it well.正:No one can do it well.,四、培养学生的自我纠错能力1、鼓励学生正视语言错误,引导学生自己改错,树立写作信心.2、采用归谬法,培养学生发现问题、纠正错误的能力。3、采用辩论法、帮助
11、学生加深理解4、建立错题档案，温故而知新,书面表达 水对人类重要吗?人类在哪些方面需要水,而水资源的状态如何,我们能做些什么呢?结合自己的生活,写一篇80个词左右的短文.学生作品:Water covers most part of the earth.But there is less water in some places.Some places are too dry.Many lakes,rivers,seas,even oceans are dirty now.We must decrease the pollution and make the water clean.That w
12、ill make our lives safe.Water is very important in our daily life.Human needs water to drink,to cook,to clean something,and etc.In fact,water makes up the largest part of the human body.So we have to save every drop of water to protect ourselves now.,六、学生作业分析 The factory waste water into the river a
13、nd sea.Too many water pollution.water is important to us.But the waste water causes ill.Now many places have less water.We must save the water.Open the tap.You must closed the tap.Water not only important to people,but also important to animals and plants.So we must save the water.Many places fewer
14、water.The soil is no water.and there is little river and sea.People lifes are very hard.So we must protect water resources.,Water covers 75%of the earths surface.There are a lot of mountains,lakes,seas,oceans,rivers and so on.Water makes up the largest part of the human body.So it is very important
15、to humans.We cant live without water.We often need water to drink,to cook and to clean.But the water we can use is not so much.Water pollution is a serious problem now.so we must keep the water clean and save every drop of water to protect ourselves.We must try our best to fight against water pollut
16、ion and save water.,七、英语写作中词汇运用策略1、词汇量与词汇等级的问题“本酒店提供24小时热水服务并且游泳池可以免费使用。”We offer hot water 24 hours every day and the swimming pool is free to use any time.Hot water is available 24 hours every day in our hotel and you can have free access to the swimming pool anytime you want.,2、五大太普通词汇书面表达中的五个常见概
17、念：“认为”，“重要”，“事情”，“不同”，“越来越多”-I think Very important，a thing，more and moreDifferentE.g.首先,上中文学习班很重要,因为你可以有老师来辅导,还可以与同学多进行练习.,一般表达:First,it is very important to takeA Chinese course because the teacher will teach you how to learn,and you can practice with your classmates.优秀表达:First of all,it is of gre
18、at important to take a Chinese course,for you will be able to learn from your teacher and benefit a lot from the interactive practice with your partner.(be important;of importance,significant,vital,essential,critical,play a key role.)E.g.随着2008年北京奥运会的日益临近,越来越多的外国人开始对中国文化和中文感兴趣.,一般表达:As the 2008 Beij
19、ing Olympic is coming,more and more foreigners become more and more interested in Chinese culture and Chinese.优秀表达:With the 2008 Beijing Olympic approaching,an increasing number of foreigners begin to show growing interest in Chinese culture as well as Chinese.(more and more people;an increasing num
20、ber of people;the number of is on the rise)E.g.来自世界不同国家不同种族不同肤色的各国选手有着相同的梦想.,一般表达:Athletes of different colors and different races from different countries have the same dream.优秀表达:Athletes of various colors and different races from all over the world share the same dream.(different;various,a vary f
21、rom person to person)E.g.我认为学唱中文歌是一种很好的办法,因为这种可以轻松愉快地学习词汇.,一般表达:I think singing Chinese songs is good way because it can make vocabulary study easy and enjoyable.优秀表达:I hold the belief that singing Chinese songs is an effective way because by doing so vocabulary study will be easy and enjoyable.(thi
22、nk;argue,believe,hold,agree,assume,insist,as far as I am concerned,in my eyes,in my opinion)E.g.环境保护成为人们越来越关注的事情.,一般表达:Environmental protection is becoming an important thing people pay special attention to.优秀表达:Environmental protection is becoming a focus of peoples attention.(thing;issue,problem,f
23、ocus)3.词汇的有效替换(1)使用代词回避重复E.g.双人间的价格比单人间要高.The price of the double room is quite higher than that of the single room.,(2)同义词、近义词、反义词替换。A computer invention，tool，friend or partner，magic box，monitor（3）用省略手段回避重复Some books are to be tasted，others（are）to be swallowed，and some few（are）to be chewed and dige
24、sted.,八、做好英语书面表达题的五个关键环节1、审题题目要求（1）确定写作的人称。（2）确定写作的动机，即要达到什么样的交际目的。（3）确定要用什么时态2、确定写作要点写信包括：自我介绍 信息来源 祝贺生日 感谢工作人员 索要相片 合适的结尾,3、选好动词，搭好句子的骨架例如对工作人员的照顾表示感谢，至少有如下说法：A、Id like to express my thanks to you for your hard work.B、I thank you very much because you look after them well.C、you take good care of t
25、hem so I gave my hearty thanks to you.D I express my thanks to you for your excellent job.,4、有效连接，使短文结构紧奏 so，but，and，though5、认真检查，保证卷面整洁1、内容要点是否齐全？2、词形变化是否正确？主谓是否一致？3、词性与句子成分是否对应？4、句子成分是否齐全？结构是否完整？5、句与句之间是否连贯？6、单词拼写、大小写是否正确？7、标点符号是否正确？,九、英语写作能力培养,（一）打好词汇量基础，理顺语法句型结构（二）遵循由易到难，循序渐进的原则（三）以范例引路，加强写作技巧的指
26、导（四）多读、多背好文章、范文（五）重视课外练笔，在实践中不断提高,（一）打好词汇量基础，理顺语法句型结构,词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，对于英语写作，词汇的学习是最基础的、最根本的、也是最重要的 在进行词汇学习时,不仅要掌握它的正确发音和拼读,还要运用到句子中。学生有教材，最好是结合教材中的句子去学习单词。换句话说，字词句同时并举，效果会比单独学习词汇要好得多。这样一来就不会出现学了词汇还学不好英语的结果了。,（二）遵循由易到难，循序渐进的原则,英语写作能力并非一蹴而就的，它必须遵循先易后难，先短后长，先学会简单句、并列句，后学会用复合句表达，先写正确句子逐步过渡到围绕一个人、一件事、一
27、个观点去写有中心的文章；由不限定时间到限定时间，由限定时间长到限定时间短，由限定字数少到多等这样的原则，脚踏实地，一环扣一环地进行，切不可为追求进度，而操之过急。,Look at the pictures and describe the people.,short,tall,fat,straight hair,curly hair,long hair,先看图造句(学会用描绘性形容词),in the past,now,Kate Green,Kate is tall now.But she was very short in the past.,Kate used to be short.,把句
28、子联系起来,然后写成一篇短文.,参考词汇:fat,heavy,medium height,medium build,curly hair,long/short hair,friendly,kind,beautiful,ugly,（三）以范例引路，加强写作技巧的指导,需要特别指出的是教师在指导模仿范例写作时，要充分利用好英语课文，因为在每单元里，几乎都有一篇较长的文章，且体裁广泛、内容涉及面广，难易程度适中，非常适合学生复述。可以让学生在复述课文的基础上,再用笔头的形式加以落实,即把文章内容写下来。为了减轻学生作业负担,或全文或写一段,或一情节,或加以自己的观点和评论,有可能的话,再续写文章,发
29、挥学生的想象，培养他们的创造力。当然，也可以采用改写、缩写、写中心思想等形式；或让学生做一些语句排序、填空练习或解答问题，再用适当的词句把这些答案重新组合起来就是一个有意义、有内容的故事。这些练习充分挖掘了课文的潜力，既训练学生的写作，又巩固已学的课本知识，加深对课文的理解，并有助于学生用英语思维考虑问题。,（四）多读、多背好文章、范文,“熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟”，英语文章也是如此。平时多读多背好文章、好句子、谚语、俗语,写书面表达时会起到画龙点睛的作用，而这些句子、文章往往就在我们身边。,（五）重视课外练笔，在实践中不断提高,英语写作要突出实践,正如学习游泳一样,写作的能力是练出来的。课外练笔是课堂写作训练最有益的补充,因为课堂时间有限,仅靠课堂写作训练培养学生的写作能力是不够的。作文不是学出来的,而是写出来的。学生必须进行大量的写作练习才能掌握并且灵活运用各种写作技能,而且写作技能只有在不断写作的过程中才能逐步得到提高和完善。经过对学生进行听、说、读、写等各个方面的指导，学生们渐渐掌握了学习的方法，对英语的学习兴趣就会越来越高，最终的英语运用水平就会达到理想的境界。,
