英语四级选题型讲解.ppt

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1、15选10题型,题型简介考点分析解题方法总结,题型简介 本题型出现在仔细阅读部分,在两篇传统阅读文章之前,占整个考试分值的10%即71分。选词填空题的文章长度在220250词左右,每个7.1分;也是要做对6个,达到42.6分为及格;题号47-56。考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇填入10个空格中。,考题特征:首句不设空;一句话中不设两空;设空比较均匀,基本覆盖整个段落;设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解;选项所提供的词皆为实义词,包括:名词、动词、形容词、副词等,它们与文章的上下文紧密联系;每个正确选项均有干扰项,相互干扰的选项之间不是同义词或近义词。,考点分析 考试形式与传统考题

2、的完形填空相似。选词填空,当然是考词汇。但较之以往专门的词汇题,选词填空是对词汇更完全的更高层次的考察;因为它所考察的,是在篇章中对词汇的把握。考核的主要目的是检查考生在上下文中猜测词义的能力以及单词词性识别能力。遇到生词怎么办?时间不够怎么办?考前训练时注意培养以上两种能力,考试时加以运用,会大大提高答中率。,年6 月24日新四级考试真题 EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange 47 happens e

3、very five to eight years.It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风),which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds.As the trade winds lessen in 48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by a

4、s much as 5(degrees centigrade).,The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South America,50 floods to Peru.In the West Pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia.So while so

5、me parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and 51.,EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight bill

6、ion pounds 53 of damage.The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995.Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55,but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.,其选项如下:A)estimate;B

7、)strength;C)deliberately;D)notify;E)tropical;F)phenomenon;G)stable;H)attraction;I)completely;J)destructive;K)starvation;L)bringing;M)exhaustion;N)worth;O)strike,解题方法 一、辨析词性 把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。纵观样题和真题,我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面几点。,1.遇到动词进行二次分类:确定时态,确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数;但

8、应注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性,动词或形容词;遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。2不认识的单词,看后缀。构词法中,前缀表明意思,后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀,往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。3词性一时无法确定的,暂时搁置,不必纠缠,影响全局。4作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。,以真题为例辨词性 A)estimate;B)strength;C)deliberately;D)notify;E)tropical;F)phenomenon;G)stable;H)attraction;I)completely;J)destructive;K)st

9、arvation;L)bringing;M)exhaustion;N)worth;O)strike,名词:B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th,H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)谓语动词:A,D,O(A的-ate极可能是动词,D的-fy为动词后缀)非谓语动词:L(-ing结尾)形容词:E,G,J(E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容词后缀)副词:C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)注意:即使从没见过,也想办法看能否判断其词性,词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的,有些不认识的或无法确定的,如N)worth(adj./n.),可先搁置,不要过度纠缠。,二、综合解题 将选项分类之

10、后,就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个,第一是词性,第二是词义。所以在读文章时,要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。(一)确定词性,确定选项的选择范围 1)关于动词的判断 前后都是名词短语,中间是动词。根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则,其它地方如无谓语动词,则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。,Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55,but.(will后面必然是原形动词,一起构成谓语)55.O strike Scientists 54 this to be

11、the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be,是非谓语动词,故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性,也基本确定它是动词。)54.A estimate 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。The rainfall is increased across South America,50 floods to Peru.(前面是一个完整的句子,逗号后跟的,一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个,故直选之。)50.L bringing,名词或代词后必用动词 The students/They _ the homewo

12、rk,and have a good rest.,名词或代词_ 副词 The kind of volcano _break out_ dramatically.,to/will/情态动词/介词 _ As the trade winds lessen in 48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.(在介词in的后面,当为名词无疑,此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少,当为在某个方面减少。)48.B strength,2)

13、确定空格为名词(1)a/an/the n.adj.n.vt.n.(2)n.v.(3)prep.N/doing.,真题重现This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(这个/种奇怪的?,当然要一个名词了)47.F phenomenon The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的?风暴,可能是形容词,也可能是名词)49.E tropical El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-

14、83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语,自然是形容词。)52.J destructive,3)确定空格为形容词(1)adj.n.或n.adj.,即空格处前面或者后面为名词的,空格处应填入形容词;(2)adv.adj.,即空格处前面是副词的,空格处应填入形容词;(3)link/be v.adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的,空格处应填入形容词作表语。,4)确定空格为副词(1)adv.v.或v.adv.,即空格处前面或者后面为动词的,空格处应填入副词;(2)adv.adj.,即空格处后面是形容词

15、的,空格处应填入副词。,副词修饰形容词或动词,but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure,当为副词)56.I completely 谓语动词前有名词主语 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词,也可知前面为名词短语,缺一个核心名词。)47.F phenomenon,(二)句里句外,猜测词义 一看搭配:主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先

16、看它被谁修饰,与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个,灵活处之。This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.strange修饰47,也许看不出来是什么,再看47与happen形成主谓关系,能够发生的是什么?最好的当然是现象。47.F phenomenon,二看逻辑:1句内(状语从句,解释,并列等)As the trade winds lessen in 48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up

17、 by as much as 5 C.此句有一个状语从句,as表示的时间或因果关系,是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少,温度就上升,当然是风的速度或风力。48.B strength So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and 51.空格与前面两个名词并列,意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的,很容易选出starvation饥荒.51.K starvation,2前文(指代等、句间连词)This strange 47 happe

18、ns every five to eight years.This告诉我们,此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino,无疑是一种天气“现象”。47.F phenomenon 表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。与this一大类的还有:This/these/such;the same/similar;worse/better/more/less等。还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词,或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。递进:Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also 转折:however/but/rathe

19、r/instead 因果:therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence,3后文El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.段落开始部分,提出一个总的概括

20、性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气,后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52.J destructive(dead,damage),三看习惯用法:固定搭配 Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.53.N worth 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词,但可用worth of sth,来表明价值某物的某东西。e.g.The fire caused thousands

21、 of pounds worth of damage.,三、带项检查带入已选答案,重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。,总结 选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力,其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义,从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类,分不出的可先模糊处理。再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置,它的周边环境。有时甚至需要跳出此句,看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。,1.名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker,deb

22、tor 2)-acy,表示性质,状态,境遇 democracy,accuracy,diplomacy 3)-ance,-ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience 4)-ancy,-ency,表示性质,状态,行为,过程 frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示动作,性质,状态 possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6)-dom,表示“等级,领域,状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom 7)age:package,shor

23、tage,marriage8)ant:assistant,accountant,inhabitant,9)-hood,表示资格,身份,年纪,状态 childhood,manhood,falsehood 10)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示行为的过程,结果,状况 action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction 11)-ism,表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism 12)-ty,表示性质,状态,程度”purit

24、y,reality,ability,loyalty,identity13)-ment,表示行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument 14)-ness,表示性质,状态,程度 goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness 15)cy:bankruptcy,literacy,democracy,16)-ship,表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship 17)-th,表示动作,性质,过程,状态 depth,wealth,

25、truth,length,growth18)-tude,表示性质,状态,程度 latitude,altitude(海拔)19)-ure,表示行为,结果 exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)20)-grapy,表示学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography 21)-ic,ics,表示学法 logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics 22)-ology,表示学论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)23)-nomy,表示学术 astronomy,economy,bi

26、onomy(生态学),2.形容词后缀,带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able,-ible:visible,flexible 2)名词-ish:foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)3)ive:active,sensitive,productive 4)like:manlike,childlike 5)名词-ly:manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly 6)ory:satisfactory,illusory7)ic:realistic,specific,poetic,energetic8)ical:physic

27、al,classical,economical,9)some:troublesome,handsome 10)ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful 11)ous:dangerous,generous,courageous,12)ent:violent 13)most:foremost,topmost 14)-less:表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless 15)al:personal,internal,critical,accidental,16)ary:necessary,primary,secondary17)iou

28、s:religious,furious,precious18)y:dirty,healthy,rainy,thirsty,sunny,3.动词后缀,1)-ize,ise,表示做成,变成,化“:modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize 2)-en,表示使成为,引起,使有”:quicken,weaken,soften,harden 3)-fy,表示“使化,使成”:beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify 4)-ate,表示“成为,处理,作用”:separate,operate,indicate,4.副词后缀,(形容词)-ly:badbadly严重地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地-wise:clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地-ward(s):outoutwards向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地,Thank you!,

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