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1、英语国家概况,Major English-Speaking Countries:A Survey,张静静 2012.09,Contents,Distribution of native English-speakers by country,The Anglosphere&Anglophone,Apart from Eng as NL,other factors,Ethnic/racial:white being the largest group.Historical:former British colonies or settlements US:1776,part of Canada:
2、1763-1867,Ireland:1922,NZ:1907,Commonwealth of Nations,NATO.Predominant religion:Christianity,Commonwealth of the Nation,Objectives,1.To acquire Specific knowledge about major English-speaking countries(esp.UK+USA)2.To cultivate critical thinking on cultural matters.Research ability(info/material co
3、llection and organization,paper writing,reference.)3.To improve English competence.Extensive reading and targeted vocabulary acquisition Methods:1.presentation报告演示法 2.seminar讨论式学习法,Schedule,The UK 9 weeks,The USA 9 weeksUnit One 1 weekUnit Two 1 weekUnit Three 2 weeksUnit Four 1 weekUnit Five 1 week
4、Unit Six Unit Seven 1 weekUnit Eight Unit Nine 1 weekUnit Ten 1 week,Evaluation&Expectation,Evaluation:The final score is made up of two parts:Attendance&performance at regular classes(10%)Mid-term examination(20%)presentation and the final exam(70%)Expectation:Preview texts active part inpresentati
5、on&discussion,Part OneThe United Kingdom,Contents,Unit One The Country,1.1.1 Whats the official name?,“When people say England,they sometimes mean Great Britain,sometimes the United Kingdom,sometimes the British Isles-but never England.”-George Mikes(19121987)Hungarian-born British author,EnglandBri
6、tainGreat Britain(GB/G.B.)British IslesBritish EmpireThe CommonwealthThe United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,British Isles,Geographically,the British Isles includes Great Britain,the whole of Ireland,and all the offshore islandsPolitically,the British Isles is mad
7、e up of U.K.and Republic of Ireland.,Great Britain refers to the largest island of British Isles which includes three political divisions:England,Scotland,and Wales.It is an island lying off the western coast of Europe,comprising the main territory of the United Kingdom.,Dept.of Foreign Studies,Grea
8、t Britain,British Empire,the British Empire大英帝国A historical term,of the worlds land area and population in 1922The Sun-never-setting Empire 日不落帝国,The Commonwealth,The Commonwealth(of Nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.It was founded in 1931,and
9、has 53 member countries until 2007.It is a loose association connected more economically than politically.,Official Name,the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandGeographically includes Great Britain and Northern IrelandPolitically includes four nations,Dept.of Foreign Studies,1801-Th
10、e Irish Parliament voted to join the Union.The Kingdom of Great Britain becomes the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.1922-Name changed to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,after most of the Southern counties in Ireland choose independence.,1536-Act of Union joins Englan
11、d and Wales,1707-Act of Union unites Scotland and England,together with Wales to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.,1.1.2 Position and Borders,an island country surrounded by the sea.It is bordered on the south by the English Channel,on the east by the North Sea,on the west by the North Atlantic Oce
12、an Northwestern Europe,northwest of France and the west of Netherlands and Denmark.It has a total land area of 242,514 square kilometers.(Guangxi Autonomous Region),Dept.of Foreign Studies,1.1.3 The Union Flag/Jack,England-St Georges Cross,Scotland-St.Andrews Cross,Northern Ireland-St.Patrick Cross,
13、Wales-The Red Dragon,1.1.4 The Official Coat of Arms,Motto:Dieu et mon Droit(God and my right)Honi soit qui maly pense(Evil to him who evil thinks),The Shield,England,Scotland,Northern Ireland,The Flowers,England-Rose,Scotland-Thislte,Northern Ireland-Clover,Wales-Leek&Daffodil,National flower：Rose
14、National anthem：“God save the King/Queen”National bird：Redbreast,Englandthe largest(53.7%),most populous(83.8%),the wealthiest.Capital:London(2)Scotlandsecond largest(32.1%),lowest population density(8.4%)Capital:Edinburgh.(3)Walessmallest on the island of GB(8.5%).4.9%Capital:Cardiff(4)Northern Ire
15、landthe smallest(5.7%,2.9%)Capital:Belfast.,1.1.5 Components,Edinburgh,capital of Scotland,Cardiff,capital of Wales,England,Scotland,Wales,Republic of Ireland,Northern Ireland,London,capital of England,Belfast,capital of Northern Ireland,Dublin,capital of Republic of Ireland,The Scottish Highlanders
16、 consider themselves the“true”Scots,and they wear their national dress,the kilt,with pride.Kilts are pleated skirts(百褶裙)made of material with a squared,colored design called a tartan(格子花呢）.They probably derive from the costume of the Roman conquerors.Each Scottish clan(tribe)has its own tartan with
17、specific colors and design and only members of that clan are entitled to wear it.,Kilt,Wales,Wales is smaller than England and Scotland.It is 240 kilometers from north to south and 185 kilometers from east to west at its widest part.Its area is 20,776 square kilometers,less than 9%with a population
18、of 2,965,900,about 4.9%of the whole.It is bounded on the north by the Irish Sea,on the west by St.Georges Channel,and on the south by the Bristol Channel.In the east it borders a number of English counties.The capital of Wales is Cardiff.Cardiff is only a small city with an area of 120 square kilome
19、ters and a population of 300,000.About two-thirds of Waless population lives in the south.,Northern Ireland,This part is the smallest part with an area of about 14,160 square kilometers and a population of about 1,702,600(2003 estimate).Northern Ireland constitutes about 17 percent of the land area
20、of Ireland and has 31 percent of the islands population.The rest of the island is occupied by the Republic of Ireland.The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.,1,2,3,4,5,6,The UK,Scotland,Great Britain,England,British Isles,Wales,1.2 Topography,England:it consists of lowland terrain,with some moun
21、tainous terrain in the north-west,north and south-west.Scotland:Its geography is varied,with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west.Wales:Its mostly mountainous.South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales.Northern Ireland:Its mostly hilly.,Geographic feature,
22、The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands;and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands（Highland zone&Lowland zone）Chief mountain ranges:the Pennies（奔宁山脉）in the south(England),the Cambrians in the west,(Wales)and the Grampians（格兰扁山脉）in the north(Scotland)The Grampians:the largest mountain
23、range in the UK,Scotland,Language:English,Gaelic Northern Highlands,Central Lowlands,and Southern UplandsGrampian MountainsThe Peak is Ben Nevis(本尼维斯)which is 1,343 meters high.,Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain(1,343m).(Scotland),Wales,The Cambrian Mountain Range(坎布里安山脉)covers most of Wa
24、les and is the second highest mountain in Britain.Its highest peak is Snowdon which is 1085 meters high.The Cambrian Mountain Range is the second highest Mountain in Britain.,Mt.Snowdon斯诺登峰 is the highest mountain in Wales.,England,The Cumbrian Mountain Range is the third highest mountain in Britain
25、.It lies in northwest of England and the peak of Scafell is 977 meters high.The Lake District(英格兰湖区)is instituted in the Cumbrian Mountain Range.This area is beautiful and quiet and the Lake poets once lived in the Lake District.,Pennies,The Pennies（奔宁山脉）is a kind of upland”Since the 19th century,it
26、 has been called the“backbone of England”,which stretches about 120 kilometers from the Scottish border to Derby-shire.The highest point of the Pennies is Cross Fell which is 893 meters high.,Pennines,Backbone of EnglandIn northern England and southern Scotland,1.3 Rivers and Lakes,The most importan
27、t river in Britain and the second longest river:Thames(338 kilometers long)泰晤士河The longest river:The Severn River(塞文河),rises in northeast Wales and flows through central England to the Bristol Channel(布里斯托尔海峡).It is 355 Kilometers long and is the Longest river in BritainThe largest Lake:Lough Neagh(
28、Northern Ireland),Thames,Dept.of Foreign Studies,Dept.of Foreign Studies,The Clyde River(克莱德河)is the most important river in Scotland and is about 170 km.It flows through the third largest city of Glasgow(格拉斯哥).The Forth River(福斯河)is flowing through the Scottish Capital-Edinburgh.,River Clyde is the
29、 most important river in Scotland.,Lake District,The Lake District is a popular holiday destination in north-west England and north Wales,famous for its lakes and its mountains(or fells),and its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets.,Lo
30、ugh Neagh 内伊湖,With an area of 392square kilometres,it is the largest lake in the British Isles An old Irish story tells how the Lough was formed when Irelands legendary giant Finn McCool scooped up a portion of the land and tossed it at a Scottish rival.He missed,and the chunk of earth landed in the
31、 Irish Sea,thus creating the Isle of Man.,Loch Ness尼斯湖,largest in Scotland(56.4 km)300m deepLoch Ness monster Nessie,Climate,Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied climate.We never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other.It can be sunny one d
32、ay and rainy the next.As we have such a variable climate changing from day to day,it is difficult to predict the weather.,Dept.of Foreign Studies,Temperate Climate/favorable maritime climateThe overall climate in England is called temperate maritime.This means that it is mild with temperatures not m
33、uch lower than 0C in winter and not much higher than 32C in summer.It also means that it is damp and is subject to frequent changes.favorable maritime climate-winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool,not too hot,and it has a steady reliable rainfall the whole year.,Dept.of Foreign Studies,Questions for after-class review,1.Describe the geographical position(features)of Britain.2.Seven River/the Thames/Ben Nevis/Lough Neagh/River Clyde/Snowdonia3.Tell the characteristics of Britains climate.,
