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1、英语国家社会与文化入门（上册）,The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking CountriesAn Introduction(Book One),The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern IrelandUnit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II,Quiz,Give the English and a brief explanation for the following:爱尔兰共和军北爱和平协议复活节起义新芬党自治法案,F
2、ocal Points,A brief introduction to Northern IrelandThe colonial history of Ireland-The Home Rule Bill-The Easter Rising of 1916-The religious conflicts between the Irish and BritishVarious conflicts in Northern IrelandThe British and Irish governments working together to find a practical solution t
3、o the conflicts in Northern Ireland,The Unit Is Divided into Four Sections,I.A Brief Introduction to Northern IrelandII.The Colonial History of IrelandIII.Various Conflicts in Northern Ireland IV.The British and Irish Governments Working Together to Find a Solution to the Conflicts,I.A Brief Introdu
4、ction to Northern Ireland,Northern Ireland(often called Ulster):the smallest of the four nations;Mostly rural with low hills and a rugged coastline;Active and rich cultural life;Living standards comparatively low and crime also very low;Some trouble in its economy.,A Brief Introduction to Northern I
5、relandLeft:Map of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandRight:map of Northern Ireland,I.A Brief Introduction to Northern Ireland,Belfast,old and new,Landscape and Giants Causeway,II.The Colonial History of Ireland,The Home Rule BillThe Easter Rising of 1916The Sinn Fein PartyPartit
6、ion of Ireland in 1921Religious conflicts between the Irish and the British,The Home Rule Bill,On 11,April 1912,the Prime Minister introduced the Third Home Rule Bill,allowing more autonomy than its two predecessors.The Bill was finally passed in 1914,but the process was overtaken by the First World
7、 War and was suspended for the duration of the war.,The Home Rule Bill,Edward Carson and 470,000 Unionists in the North of Ireland signed the Solemn League and Covenant in September,1912.In this document,they declared that they would use any means necessary to prevent the introduction of Home Rule i
8、n Ireland.,The Easter Rising of 1916,The Easter Rising of 1916 was the most spectacular event,in which rebels took over Dublin Post Office,forcing the British to take it back by military means.The leaders of the rebellion were executed.,The Easter Rising of 1916(Below:Damage caused by the Irish Repu
9、blican Armys armed rebellion against British rule that took place on Easter Day in 1916,in Dublin),The Sinn Fein Party,The Sinn FeinParty is anIrish republican political party,founded in 1905 byArthur Griffith,and has been associated with theProvisional Irish Republican Army and supported the IRA s
10、right to fight.Gerry Adamshas been the party President since 1983.Sinn Fein is currently the second-largest party in theNorthern Ireland Assembly.,The Sinn Fein Party,Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams(1948-)is an Irish republican politician,president of the Sinn Feinpolitical party.,The Partition of Irel
11、and in 1921,Thepartition of Ireland was the division of the island of Irelandinto two distinct territories,Northern Ireland,a part of the United Kingdom,and the now Republic of Ireland,an independent state.,The Religious Conflicts between the Irish and the British,Thirteen unarmed protestors were sh
12、ot dead at the march which was held in the name of Catholic civil rights in Londonderry on January 30,1972.This is known as Bloody Sunday.,The Religious Conflicts Between the Irish and the British,The Catholics clashed with the police when they tried to stop the Protestants demonstrations in Dublin
13、on Feb.25,2006.,III.Various Conflicts in Northern Ireland,The Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland starting the Civil Rights Movement by means of marches,speeches and sit-ins in order to get equal rights as Protestants;Protestants counter-demonstrations and their attacks in Catholic areas;A campaign
14、of bombing and shooting by the Irish Republican Army(IRA),III.Various Conflicts in Northern Ireland,The British security forces sent to Northern Ireland to restore order;The Protestants setting up their own illegal“paramilitary”groups and taking revenge on Catholics;Power-sharing mechanism,The Irish
15、 Republican Army,TheIrish Republican Army(IRA)is any of several armed movements in Irelandin the 20th and 21st centuries dedicated to Irish republicanism,the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent republic.,A Campaign of Bombing and Shooting by the IRA,Catholic priest Father Alec Reid a
16、dministered the last rights to Corporal David Howes,one of two British soldiers brutally beaten and murdered by the IRA on March 19,1988.,Power-Sharing Mechanism,In 1973,an agreement of Power-Sharing mechanism was reached allowing the minority Catholic population political influence.Majority Protest
17、ants were outraged and went on strike,eventually leading to the collapse of the power-sharing group.The Northern Irish parliament was suspended and replaced it with“direct-rule”from London.,IV.The British and Irish Governments Working Together to Find a Solution to the Conflicts,The leaders of Sinn
18、Fein speaking of a twin campaign for union with Ireland,which was called the policy of“The Bullet and the Ballot Box.”In January1974,the British Prime Minister setting up a power-sharing executives.The Anglo-Irish Agreement that was signed between the two governments in 1985.,IV.The British and Iris
19、h Governments Working Together to Find a Solution to the Conflicts,The Downing Street Declaration was issued by the British and Irish Prime Ministers in 1993.The Good Friday Agreement was published in 1998.,The Downing Street Declaration,The Downing Street Declaration said that Britain had“no selfis
20、h or strategic interest”in Northern Ireland and that“it is for the people of Ireland alone,by agreement between the two parts,to decide its future,“to bring about a united Ireland if that is their wish”.(Right:John Major and Albert Reynolds),The Good Friday Agreement,The Good Friday Agreement signed
21、 on April 10 of 1998 was a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s and paved the way for devolution and power-sharing.,Questions for Discussion,A.What is the political problem in Northern Ireland?B.What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland?C.What measures have the Irish and British Governments taken to solve the political problem in Northern Ireland?D.What do you think should be the right solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?,The End,高等教育出版社2015,
