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1、英语句子成分,简单句的五种基本句型,英语简单句的组成部分包括：,主|谓|表|宾|定|状|补,主语表明“什么人”、“什么事”；通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词来充当。,1.Lucylikes her new bike.2.Wework hard.3.To learn a foreign languageis not easy.4.Playing football after schoolis great fun.,谓语表明主语动作，做了什么或者状态；常由实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词充当。,1.Theyworkvery hard.2.Tomfeelsmuch better now.3.Th
2、eycan speakEnglish well.4.Theyare playingover there.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语；系动词：表状态，后往往接形容词，系动词：is|am|are|sound|look|become|seem等,表语跟在连系动词后面的词语,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、从句等均可做表语。,1.My sister isa nurse.2.The trees turngreen.3.The flower isbeautiful.4.To see isto believe.,宾语动作行为的对
3、象，是动作的承受者，一般在及物动词和介词后面；通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句来充当。,1.We studyEnglish.2.I sawhimyesterday.3.He wantedto have a pen.4.She likesplaying basketball.5.Our teachersaidthat he would go there.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.,定语用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语等.,1.This is aredcar.2.The building is
4、theirteaching building.3.Thewomandoctor is my wife.4.I have somethingto tell you.5.The manin front of the gateis Mr.Li.6.Everystudent has an English book.,状语说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及 after,when,as soon as,until,if,before等引起的从句。,1.You arequiteright.2.They often drawin the park.3.W
5、e came herein order tolearn English.4.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.,宾补补充说明宾语。,宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1 名词（代词）+不定式2 名词（代词）+分词3 名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词,名词（代词）+不定式,John askedmeto helphim.Lethimgohome.I sawhercome out ofthe room.,名词（代词）+分词现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动,Ifoundhimstandingat the gate.She coul
6、d feelher heartbeatingviolently.He spoke slowly in order to makehimselfunderstood.He spoke loudly in order to makehimselfheard.,名词（代词）+名词作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.,They appointedherhead of the English Department.They madehimcaptain of the ship.,名词（代词）+形容词,We must keepthe roomclean.We foundherbusy.I foundt
7、he storyinteresting.,简单句的五种基本句型,主+谓（不及物动词）S+Vi型He came.She dances.,主+谓(及物动词)+宾 S+Vt+O,I saw her.They like watching TV.,主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IO indirect),I gave her a book.She showed her friends all the pictures.,主+系+表(S+V+P),I am a student.She looks very young.,主+谓+宾+补(S+Vt+O+OC),I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.,
