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1、英语简单句五种基本句型 A:词类及基本用法,Members of sentence:S-subjectV-verbP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbOc-object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,谓,句子基本成分,I saw a tall boy take your book just now.,主,谓,宾,定,补,状,B：简单句五种基本句型简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和 一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子:,主+谓(S+V),主+系+表(S+V+P),主+谓+宾(S+V+O),五种基本句型分别是：,1,2,3,
2、4,5,主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+DO),主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+C),基本句型 一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.His words works.S,V,Summer is coming.,高考经常考查的不及物动词:“发生”_;_;_;_“爆发“_“用完,用光”_;_.不及物动词的用法:无 _,无_,happen occur,take place come about,break out,run out give out,宾语,被动语态,油用完了The oi
3、l has been run outThe oil has run out.我们学校发生了很大变化Our school has taken place great changes.Great changes have taken place in our school.,(F),（T）,(F),(T),基本句型 二+（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类 look,feel,
4、smell,taste,sound等+adj.3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等 4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等,+adj.,+adj.,系动词的用法:(注意三点)+_作表语;无 _;无 _;e.g.The dish _.(尝起来好吃)The story _.(听起来有趣).This fish _（变质了）,adj.,宾语,被动语态,tastes delicious,sounds interesting,goes bad,练习：标出下列句子的系动词。,1.We should keep cool.2.When did yo
5、u become a teacher?3.How nice the meet smells!4.KFC tastes nice.5.Trees turn yellow in autumn.6.When will you be back?,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.S,V,o,S V(Vt.)O她经常帮她妈妈。She often helps her mother.2.我想要一杯茶。I want a cup of tea.,基本句型 四+
6、InO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.+InO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an apple to me.,InO,D,S V(Vt.)InO DOShe passed him a new dress.She passed a new dress to him.2.John 告诉我他的想法。John told me his idea.John told his idea to me.3.妈妈给我买了一台新电脑。My
7、mum bought me a new computer.My mum bought a new computer for me.,练习：标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。1.Can you do me a favor?2.Lei Feng set us a good example.3.He found me my bike.4.Tom lent her some money.5.Ill write you a letter tonight.,基本句型 五+O（主谓宾宾补）补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词可充当宾补.e.g.We m
8、ade him the manager.SI consider the book too expensive.,V,O,OC,宾语补足语：I consider Jim a good friend.()I always find her happy.()People praised him as a hero.()I had the TV fixed.()I saw him entering the building.()What made you think so?()Do you want me to go?(),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉to的不定式,不定式,典型例
9、题分析,1.Plants need water.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.They work hard.S+V(主+谓)4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+In O+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Many animals live in trees.S+V(主+谓),指出翻译有误的句子，并将其改正过来。,1.The cloth touches soft.2.Were you sle
10、ep good last night?3.The cheese cuts easily4.The machine happens problem.5.The problem is still unsolved.6.She gradually becomes silent.7.Protect the environment,everyone has duty.8.Require me to finish the task in an hour is impossible.,基本句型的扩展:e.g.We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the grea
11、t hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,made by a comrade from
12、the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.,_,同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry.Youll get a surprise.He got his shoes and socks wet.在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。,(S V P),(S V O),(S V O C),(S V O),（S V O
13、 C）,并列句(compound sentence):,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,常用并列连词,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.,but,while,yet,for,so,or,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful.I cant afford it.,He was tired,so he went to bed.
14、,The dress is really beautiful,but I cant afford it.,3.Mary is cooking.John is greeting guests.,Mary is cooking,and/while John is greeting guests.,4.He works hard.He also likes helping others.,1.He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.,2.Not only does he work hard but he also likes h
15、elping others.,(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)H
16、urry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,Analyze the sentences:I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could neve
17、r have kept me spellbound.,S,V,_,Oc,S,V,P,Ac,（,）,_,_,S,_,_,V,O,OC,Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.,S,V,P,_,_,_,S,Ad.C(状从),S,V,P,_,_,At.C(定从),At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.,S,(,),At.(定语),V,P,(,),At.(定语),Then gradually between about AD 800and 1150 English became less like Germanbecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.,S,V,P,Ad.C,S,V,O,_,(,),At.C(定从),HomeworkPreview Unit 1 Analyze 5 sentences,
