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1、1.What is poetry?,A literary form marked with stanzas,Written in lines,Rich imagery,Great artistic appeal,Beautiful harmony,Compressed content,An Introduction to English Poetry,2.Definition of poetry,Poetry is a literary genre that communicates experience in the most condensed form.Poetry is a multi
2、dimensional language:an intellectual dimension,an emotional d,a sensuous d,and an imaginative d.These dimensions work together to pass experience to the reader.Poetry tries to say the most in the fewest possible words.Poetry begins in delight,and ends in wisdom.Robert FrostHe who draws noble delight
3、s from the sentiments of poetry is a true poet,though he has never written a line in all his life.George Sand,3.How to analyze poetry?,Aside from the basic demand that poetry says something,poetry is characterized by the following elements:1)a musical effect created by rhythm and sound;2)a precise a
4、nd fresh imagery;3)multiple levels of interpretations suggested by the connotations of the words and by allusions.,Danti:Divine Comedy神曲,Milton:Paradise Lost 失乐园,3)didactic poem（说理诗）humorous poem（幽默诗）burlesque（滑稽诗）parody（模仿诗）,2)Narrative Poems（叙事诗）,1)Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）,4.Kinds of Poetry,A.In terms o
5、f content:,ode（颂诗）elegy（悼念诗）idyll（田园诗）love poem（爱情诗）songs（韵文)ballads（民谣）,Epics(史诗)(heroic poems),Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗：usu.in dialogue;in blank verse）,Metrical tale(故事诗)，ballads（民谣）,Kinds of Poetry,B.In terms of metre:,1)Metrical Poems（格律诗）,Regular Rhyme;Regular Rhythm;Definite Number of Lines,Free Ver
6、se（自由诗）：不受格律、音韵的约束不讲求形式上的整齐或有规则，不寻求语言上的平衡、华美或高雅，以充分地、尽情地表达思想为主要目的。,Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm;Irregular Number of Lines,Blank Verse（无韵诗）：不押韵，但有音步和格 律的限制;传统的无韵诗的节奏是抑扬格五音步，各节长短不一，因而有“诗段”这个说法。,Without Rhyme;With Rhythm,rhythm 节律，韵,-syllables and stress;音节与重音 Eg.My loves like a red,red rose,Thats newly
7、sprung in June.-foot:a group of syllables;音步(重音与非重音的一次交替)(number，position of the stressed syllable.)-patterns of the foot:iambic(-)抑扬；trochaic(-)扬抑;dactylic(-)扬抑抑;amphibrachic(-)抑抑扬;anapestic(-)抑扬抑-meter:the number of feet;音步,格律 monometre,dimetre,trimetre,tetrametre,pentametre,.-rhythm:regular recur
8、rence of stressed and unstressed syllables.,Rhyme and its scheme,Rhyme:In poetry or music,a structural or semantic pattern formed by the repetition of syllables with identical or similar sounds.-alliteration:time and tide,bread and butter;-end rhyme:boy,joybeauty,duty.-parallel R:aabb;-cross R:abab;
9、-circular R:abba.-inter-rhyme:wear and tear,fair and squair,The sun is not abed when IAt night u pon my pil low lie,4.Metre（格律）,1)Iambus（抑扬格）,Iambic Foot（抑扬音步）,(Iambic Tetrametre or 4-foot Iambus),（四步抑扬格）,Dactylic Foot（扬抑抑音步）,(Dactylic Bi-metre)（两步扬抑抑格）,6)Spondee（扬扬格）,7)Pyrric（抑抑格）,5)Amphibrach（抑扬抑格
10、）,（扬扬格）,（抑抑格）,（抑扬抑格）,5.Foot（音步）,Mono-metre（一音步）,Bi-metre（二音步）,Tri-metre（三音步）,Tetrametre（四音步）,Pentametre（五音步）,Hexametre（六音步）,Heptametre（七音步）,Octametre（八音步）,6.Sound Patterns（音韵）,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,Alliteration（头韵）,Assonance（准韵）,Para-rhyme（侧韵）,Reverse-rhyme（逆韵）,
11、Full rhyme（完全韵）,take time,take late,take like,take took,take tale,take lake,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,Consonance（谐韵）,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,7.Alliteration:,phantom fathom;psychology simple,a)To give emphasis:,might and main;fit as a fiddle,b)To connect ideas:,Pleas
12、e pick up the pretty pink pills for pale people.,c)To connect actions:,The fighter fled into the field,and,foremost fighting,fell.,8.Rhyme:,Home foam;chair there,Internal rhyme（行内韵:一行内有符合押韵规则的两个或多个词；增加诗的音乐性，也可使得几个词在意思上联系起来。）,I am the daughter of the Earth and Water.(Shelley),We plough and sow-were s
13、o very,very low.(Ernest Jones),Ah,distinctly I remember it as in the bleak December.(Poe),c)Feminine Rhyme（阴韵:重读音节后还有轻读音节 的词押韵。）,(1)What is fame?An empty bubble.Gold?A transient,shining trouble.,(2)Rise like lions after slumber,In unvvanquishable number.,(3)Oh!ye immortal Gods!what is theogony?（i:ni
14、 神谱,神统系,记述神的史诗）Oh!thou,too,mortal man!what is philanthropy?,b)Masculine Rhyme（阳韵:单音节词和重读在后的双音节或更多音节的词押韵。）,d)Monosyllabic Rhyme（单音节韵）:,Hour tour;now know;dear bear;save have,e)Bisyllabic Rhyme（双音节韵）:,f)Trisyllabic Rhyme（三音节韵）:,g)Eye rhyme（眼韵）:,I/fly;fool/rule;write/fight;again/remain/sustain,borrow/s
15、orrow;daughter/water;conversation/compensationRoman/no man;know it/show it,beautiful/dutiful;think of it/drink of it,9.Rhyme Scheme:,1)aabb（连续韵）:,Work while you work,and play while you play,aFor that is the way to be happy and gay.a All that you do,do with your might,bThings done by halves are never
16、 done right.b,2)abab（交叉韵）:,How do you like to go up in a swing.a Up in the air so blue?bOh,I do think it the pleasantest thing a Ever a child can do!b,3)abba（首尾韵）:,I hold it true,whateer befall;aI feel it when I sorrow most;bTis better to have loved and lost bThan never to have loved at all.a,4)abcb
17、（二四韵）:,Spring is green,aSummer is bright,bAutumn is gold,cWinter is white.b,A stanza is a group of lines(of any number of lines,most frequently of four lines)bound together by an end rhyme.ffppt,10.Stanza:,11.Sonnet:,1)Italian Sonnet（意大利体十四行诗）,2)Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四诗）,3)Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚
18、体十四行诗）,1)Italian Sonnet,(Francesco Petrarch),The poetry of earth is never dead:aWhen all the birds are faint with the hot sun,bAnd hide in cooling trees,a voice will run bFrom hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead;aThat is the Grasshoppers-he takes the lead aIn summer luxury,-he has never done bWit
19、h his delights;for when tired out with fun bHe rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed.a,The poetry of earth is ceasing never:cOn a lone winter evening,when the frost dHas wrought a silence,from the stove there shrills e The Crickets song,in warmth increasing ever,cAnd seems to one in drowsiness ha
20、lf lost,dThe Grasshoppers among some grassy hills.e,an octave+a sestet,2)Spenserian Sonnet,(Edmund Spenser)3 quatrains+a couplet,For loe my love doth in her selfe containe bAll this worlds riches that may farre be found.cIf saphyres,loe her eyes be saphyres plaine:bIf rubies,loe her lips be rubies s
21、ound;c,If pearls,her teeth be pearls both pure and round;cIf yvorie,her forehead yvory weene;dIf gold,her locks are finest gold on ground;c If silver,her fair hands are silver sheene.d,But that which fairest is,but few behold:eHer mind,adorned with vertues manifold.e,Ye trade full merchants,that wit
22、h weary toyle aDo seeke nost pretious things to make your gain,bAnd both the Indians of their treasures spoile,aFor loe my love doth in her selfe containe b,3)Shakespearian Sonnet,Shakespear,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,cAnd often is his gold complexion dimmd;dAnd every fair from fair s
23、ometime declines,cBy chance,or natures changing course,untrimmd.d,3 quatrains+a couplet,But thy eternal summer shall not fade,eNor lose possession of that fair thou owst,fNor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,e When in eternal lines to time thou growst.f,So long as man can breathe or eyes
24、can see,gSo long lives this,and this gives life to thee.g,Shall I compare thee to a summers day?aThou art more lovely and more temperate.bRough winds do shake the darling buds of may,aAnd summers lease hath all too short a date.b,Iambic Pentametre(5-foot Iambus),（五 步 抑 扬 格）,Poems Unfold Pictures to Readers,Who has seen wind?Neither I nor you:But when the leaves hang trembling The wind is passing thro.Who has seen wind?Neither I nor you:,
