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1、Module 1,Small talk,lack 缺乏 n.v.n.lack ofToo many teachers are treated with a lack of respect.vt.Alexs real problem is that he lacks confidence.be lacking inShe is lacking in responsibility.for sth（need sth）需要某事物They lacked for nothing.,confident adj.confidence n.confidently adv.self-confident/ce/tl
2、ybe confident that/about/ofhave confidence in/to doHe is quite confident that there will be no problems this time.I feel quite confident about the future.Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director.I didnt have any confidence in myself.Good training will give a b
3、eginner the confidence to enjoy skiing.,in advance 提前 预先in advance of 在之前;比先进I should warn you in advance that Im not a very good dancer.Could you distribute copies well in advance of the meeting?Their aircraft were in advance of those used by the US.advanced adj.先进的 高级的 发达的,in addition 此外,加之in addi
4、tion to 除之外又The company provides cheap Internet access.In addition,it makes shareware freely available.In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.additionally adv.此外Additionally,about 85%of them are made abroad and imported.,sigh with 叹气sigh for 思念sigh over 对发出叹息He sighed wi
5、th pleasure after the excellent meal.“I wish I had finished this work,”she said with a sigh./she sighed.She sighed for her lost youth.All the girls sighed over Bettys beautiful dress,have an obligation to do/sb 有责任/义务be under an/no obligation to do/sbYoure under no obligation to pay for goods which
6、you did not order.Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.Employers have an obligation to treat all employees equally.,favour/favorin favour of/in ones favour 支持 赞成I talked to Susie about it,and shes all in favor of going.The vote was 60-59 in the governments favor.We are in f
7、avor of her promotion to president.Duncan had his height and weight in his favour during the fight.（对有利）do sb a favourask sb a favour/ask a favour of sb,certain adj.确定的;无疑的be certain that/who/when/about/ofIm not certain when it will be ready.I felt certain that Id passed the test.It now seems certai
8、n that there will be an election in May.make certain(that)for certain=for suresure与certain用法基本相同it作形式主语或形式宾语时只用certaina certain 某个，某种pron.certain of Certain of the products are faulty.(有毛病),answer和reply都可用作及物动词，作“回答”解，但answer可跟名词作宾语而reply只能跟直接引语或宾语从句，跟名词时须加to。Herepliedthathedidntknowthesecret.Please
9、replytomyquestionatonce.I am writing in reply to your letter of 1st June.answer 是常用词,可指“口头”、“笔头”,甚至“行动”回答，是表示对质问、命令、招呼、要求等回答之意的最普通的字;reply 用在较正式文体中,或表示较正式且经考虑之答覆;respond 表示对预期、诉求或想望者加以反应而作回答。,firm adj.坚硬的 坚定的 稳固的 有力的be firm with sb 对某人严格This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on.The teacher was f
10、irm and did not change her mind.Parents must be firm with their children.n.公司 商行(尤用于口语,指两个人以上合资经营的),absence n.absent adj.缺席的 心不在焉的in/during ones absence 当不在时absence of mind 心不在焉He was absent from the meeting.It happened during/in your absence.She had an absent look on her face.absent-minded adj.心不在焉
11、的Our neighbor is very absent-minded and is always getting locked out of his house.,apology n.apologise/apologize v.receive/accept an apology(from)make an apology for(doing)sthapologize to sb for(doing)sthShe finally received an apology from the company.I owe him an apology.I must apologize for not b
12、eing able to meet you.Im so sorry,I do apologize.,acquaint v.acquaint sb/oneself with 使熟悉acquainted adj.be acquainted with 对熟悉You will soon become fully acquainted with the procedures.I am not acquainted with the lady.I need to acquaint myself with the new regulations.acquaintance n.,imagine that/wh
13、at/how/whyimagine(sb)doing sthimagine sb/sth as/to be It is difficult/easy/possible/impossible to imagine Can you imagine what its like when its really hot out here in Delhi?He didnt quite dare to imagine himself as a real artist.After such a dry summer,its difficult to imagine what rain looks like.
14、,on purpose 故意地for the purpose of sth 为了的目的forpurposeThe purpose of conducting a business is to make money.You make it sound as if I did it on purpose!For what purposes are you doing that?,in/under circumstances 在的情况下under no circumstances 无论如何不,决不in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;情形既然如此He was force
15、d by circumstances to do this.Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances。Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.,How Good Are Your Social Skills?,Read the passages and answer:According to t
16、he passage,should people plan what theyre going to say at parties?What do people think about those who talk too much?Describe two things you shouldnt do in a conversation?Why is it a good idea to nod and smile when the other person is talking?What does the quotation from Benjamin Disraeli tell you a
17、bout people?,According to the passage,should people plan what theyre going to say at parties?What do people think about those who talk too much?,Yes,they should prepare some topics to talk about.,They are not impressive.,Describe two things you shouldnt do in a conversation?Why is it a good idea to
18、nod and smile when the other person is talking?What does the quotation from Benjamin Disraeli tell you about people?,Look at your watch;yawn(sigh,look away,change the subject,finish other peoples sentences).,To show that you are listening.,People like talking about themselves.,prepare(sb/oneself)for
19、/against/to dobe prepared for/against/to doprepare vs.prepare forprepare sb sth=prepare sth for sbHer parents were busy preparing to go on holiday.I knew there were problems,but I was not prepared for this!Mother prepared us a substantial breakfast.,would like/love to doevent+at which/where 引导定语从句It
20、 helps if you do advance planning.have sth ready 准备好etc(et cetera)=and so on 等等(in)that/this way 那样/这样(方式)eye contact 目光接触/交流positive adj.积极的,肯定的,正的,阳性的,be true of 适用于 对适用true to life 逼真Its true that be true for/to docome trueIts not true that Im going to marry him.The same is true of all political
21、parties.This is especially true for old people.Its generally true to say that fewer people are needed nowadays.The film is very true to life.,obligation:must dohave to do,必须做 不得不做(客观上的需要),lack of obligation:dont have to dodont need to do,没有必要做不必要做,Grammar,didnt need to do/neednt have done,相同点:都表示过去时
22、间内不必做不同点:didnt need to do 表示那件事不必做而且结果也是那件事的确没有做neednt have done 表示虽然那件事不必做但结果是已经做了,It was Sunday.He didnt need to go to work.That year,he was young and didnt need to serve in the army.The manager didnt need to do such things himself.The poor girl neednt have waited in the rain for so long.You needn
23、t have said so much about your being late.They neednt have written the letter to the headmaster.,1.Ask a womans age2.Tell a lady shes old to her face,1.Ask a womans age2.Tell a lady shes old to her face.,1.Ask sb.when her baby is due without making sure whether she is pregnant.2.Say sorry without ap
24、ology.,She referred to the depressedmans wife as a complete fool.,1.Ask a person sth.about money.2.dont know when to stop.,Make an improper joke,She told the man she thought he was chosen because people didnt want to work with him when the man was just trying to be modest.,1.She said the hostesss bo
25、yfriend at school was ugly.2.When it turns out she married him,she pointed out hes just the ugly one she mentioned 3.Interrupt when people is talking.,1.shortcoming of/inthe shortcomings of our local government system The report suggested that there were severe shortcomings in the law.2.by coinciden
26、ce 出于巧合 It is no coincidence that 并非巧合 What a coincidence!多么巧合！,3.occasion 时刻;场合;机会定语从句:指时刻接when;指场合接whereon.occasion Ive seen Jana with them on several occasions.on occasion 偶尔,不时地,必要时On occasion prisoners were allowed visits from their families.on this/that occasion 此时/彼时on the present/last occasi
27、on 在这次/上次on one occasion 有一次,be due in/at/on/to do 预期的without(any)apology 并无(任何)歉意put on weight 增肥,长胖go through 穿过,仔细检查,被批准,被通过,经历、遭受(困难,痛苦等)discourage sb from doing sth 劝不要做;使丧失信心on the anniversary of 在的纪念日at the moment 此时,现在at that moment 那时(at that time)come up 出现,发生;走近,走上前来stand by 紧靠在旁边;袖手旁观,le
28、ave out 1.省略；删去You can leave out the details;just give us the main facts.2.遗漏In copying this paper,be careful not to leave out any word.3.排除；忽略；冷落（某人）Please leave me out of your plans.,emphasise/emphasize vt.强调;注重;加强的语气The report emphasizes the importance of improving safety standards.The Prime Mini
29、ster emphasized that there are no plans to raise taxes.I must emphasize the fact that they are only children.,Language course?Staying long?Going anywhere nice?,Are you taking a language course?,Are you staying long?,Are you going anywhere nice?,Lovely place.Go there a lot.Never been there.,Its a lov
30、ely place.,I go there a lot.,Ive never been there.,dull adj.愚笨的 迟钝的 枯燥的 不鲜艳的All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只学习,不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。ethnic adj.民族的 种族的sensitive adj.敏感的,灵敏的,过敏的 be sensitive to/abouthighly adv.高度地,非常call by 拜访desire n.v.渴望,欲望 to do/for/thathesitate at/about/over/to do 犹豫,迟疑lead to
31、导致return to/from/to,make/pay a compliment to sb 恭维compliment sb on sthvase/veis/n.花瓶fabulous adj.极好的,极为巨大的treat sb like/as accurate adj.准确的,精确的 inaccurateaccuracy n.准确(性),精确(性)with 准确地would do well to do 最好be open with sb about sth 诚实的,坦率的,It is estimated that 据估计establish/build a relationship 建立关系I
32、t works.有效 起作用 成功situation+where/in which 引导定语从句at this point 这时;在这一点上technique 技术 技能(艺术或科学方面)skill(工作需要的)手工艺 技能 技巧 have sth in common 有共同之处,类似的结构还有:It is said that 据说It is known that 众所周知It is thought that人们认为It is believed that人们相信It is hoped that人们希望It is reported that据报道It is suggested that人们建议,1.人们希望中国队赢得这场比赛。It is hoped that the Chinese team will win the game.2.人们建议召开会议来讨论这些问题。It is suggested that a meeting should be held to discuss the problems.3.人们相信这项发明将造福于人类。It is believed that the invention will benefit the world.,
