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1、英语课堂口语纠错技巧,一、错误类型及其成因,二、纠错的原则,三、纠错技巧,四、纠错案例评析,1、语际错误 母语迁移导致的错误。,一、错误类型及其成因,The problem will discuss tomorrow”,分析：汉语中常用主动句型表示被动含义 而英语中必须体现被动语态。,2语内错误 一个目的语项目对另一个项目产生影响，从而发生错误，它是目的语错误或不完整学习的结果,例:He is coming.He comes.生成错误：He is comes.,3、诱导错误（Induced errors）,教师讲授或学生练习不当造成的语言错误，主要表现为教学诱导错误,I am get up a
2、t six in the morning.”，,4、交际错误,语法结构和用词上都没有问题，但在语境中显得很不恰当、在交际场合让人难以接受,“Are you married?”或“How much do you earn every year?”,例如，I am a teacher I am having an English class.,二、纠错的原则,1、区别对待全局性差错与局部性差错,全局性错误指使用句子结构主要成分中出现的错误，导致句子或话语难以理解或无法理解,语序颠倒、错用或漏用连接词、句法过度概括,I like take taxi but my friend said so not
3、 that we should be late for school.,局部性差错是指句子结构成分运用中出现的错误，但没有造成理解问题,There are long trees on each side of my street.,2、区别对待系统性差错与语误 系统性差错是指学习者尚未掌握或尚未完全掌握目的语的体系而出现的错误，也被称作语言能力错误。,The girl dreamed to become a famous singer.,3纠错方式,自我纠正（Self-correction）、同学纠正（Peer-correction）教师纠正（Teacher-correction）,S1:Wh
4、at time do she usually do his homework?You confused his and her.S2:And you confused do and does here,too.,三、纠错技巧,直接纠错法（Explicit correction）直接纠错是指学习者出现错误时，教师打断其语言训练或实践活动，对其错误予以正面纠正（说出正确的语言形式，并让学生改正）。,课堂用语通常有：You should say/No,you shouldnt say that./Read after me./Pay attention to/Oh,you mean/We dont
5、sayin English.We say等。,2.重述法（Recasts）重述是指教师对学生语言表达中的错误进行含蓄纠正。,S:I think that the worm will go under the soil.（第一次表达）T:I think that the worm will go under the soil?S:（没有回答）T:I thought that the worm would go under the soil.（重述）S:I thought that the worm would go under the soil.（第二次表达）,T:What did you ha
6、ve for breakfast this morning?S:I have a bottle of milk,an egg and two cakes.T:Oh.You should say“I had a bottle of milk”Read after me,please.S:Oh,sorry.I had a bottle of milk,an egg and two cakes.,3.强调法（Pinpointing）教师重复学生的话，有意重读和拖长出错部分的发音或用升调以表示特别强调。,4.启发法（Elicitation）教师通过以下方式启发学生纠正错误：,T:Now,look at
7、 this picture.Whats in it?S1:Three basket of apples.T:Three basket of apples?Is he right?（用目光或手势示意全班学生回答）OK.Please correct it.SS:Three baskets of apples.T:Yes.Good.Well done.OK（转向犯错的学生）,do you understand?,S:I am going in Beijing.T:I am going IN(?)Beijing?S:I am going to Beijing.,S:I made my birthday
8、 cake last night when I was in bed.T:Er?Who made your birthday cake?Once more.S:My mother.T:Oh,your mother.And then repeat it please.S:My mother made my birthday cake last night when I was in bed.,5、重复法（Repetition）教师发现学生的语言错误后，可以要求学生重新回答，并使用Once more./Pardon?/Repeat please.等对学生加以引导。如：,T:Who told you
9、 the news?S:The sports meet will be held in our city next summer.T:Good,but who told you the news,Mary or Mike?S:Mary told me the news.,7、澄清法（Clarification requests）教师因不明白学生说的话或发现学生的言语出现形式错误而发出明确的信息要求学生纠正，通常使用What?/Im sorry?/Pardon me?/What do you mean by?之类的话。,6、追问法（Pumping）当学生没能准确回答问题而又未犯语法错误时，教师应
10、鼓励学生继续回答，直到他/她做出更合理的、更符合逻辑的回答。例如：,S:I want be a scientist when I grow up.T:Er?Im sorry?I wantS:I want to be a scientist when I grow up.,8、等待法（Waiting）有些口语错误只是语误而已。在听到学生的语误时，教师应尽可能延长等待时间，让学生自行纠错（James,2001）。学生发言时，教师最好不要打断学生。必要时，可以使用一些表示不认可或困惑等的体态语或简短的提示语，以帮助学生意识到错误并进行自我纠正。例如：,T:Well,please say something about your aunt.S:OK.My aunt is a pretty longtall woman.Heshe is aan accountant.She workworks onin a car factory.She usually gogoes to work by a carby car.She likes traveltraveling.,
