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1、2014高考二轮复习语法项目,名词、代词、冠词（主谓一致）,名词、冠词考查点,考点一名词词义辨析考点二名词的固定搭配考点三抽象名词具体化考点四不定冠词a、an用法考点五定冠词the的用法考点六零冠词的用法,名词一、近几年考查的名词词义辨析的主要形式1相似词缀的名词辨析2无一定关联性的名词词义辨析3.意义相近词的辨析4形似词的词义辨析,二、名词的固定搭配1动词 have，take,make，pay，play，put，give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of 有意识have a feelin
2、g of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理give a solution 给出解决方案,2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in quantity 大量，大批in progress 在进行中in production 在产量方面out of ones reach 手不能及out of touch 与无联系out of sight 看不见beyond recognition 辨认不出来,三、抽象名词具体化1表示具有某种特性
3、、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：,success,成功,成功的人或事,pleasure,乐趣,令人高兴的事,attraction,吸引,有吸引力的人或事物,beauty,美；美丽,美丽的人或事物,comfort,安慰；慰藉,令人感到安慰的人或事物,danger,危险,危险的人或因素,delight,高兴,令人高兴的事,failure,失败,失败的人或事物,surprise,惊奇,令人惊奇的事情,shock,震惊,令人震惊的事情,pride,骄傲,令人骄傲的事情,2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词，常考到的有：,drink 饮料,two drinks两杯饮
4、料,sugar 糖,a sugar一块糖,coffee 咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,paper 纸,a paper一张报纸；一篇论文,tea 茶,two teas两杯茶,hair 头发,a hair一根头发,冠词一、不定冠词的用法,As far as Im concerned，a teacher shouldnt talk like that.,用于序数前表示“又一”“再”,(2012高考全国大纲卷)He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.,amost表示“很”“非常
5、”,(2013昆明质量检测)What do you think about the song What Makes You Beautiful?Its really a most wonderful song this year.,(2013兰州模拟)Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better understanding of how society operates.,表示“某一个”相当于some,(2013山东省十二校高三联考)Excuse me，is there a Mr.Taylor living in
6、 the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.,二、定冠词the,(2013江西南昌一模)As the mountains surrounding our village are turning much greener，they have become home to a large number of wild animals.,2.姓氏复数前面用定冠词表示全家人，或家庭中的夫妇、兄弟、姐妹等。,As far as I know，the Greens have no ch
7、ildren.,3.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。,(2013高考陕西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.,(2013山西部分重点高中高三联考)I dont know who invented the iPhone，but I think it is a useful invention.(2013高考江西卷)Animals are obviously the lower form of life than man.
8、。,5.用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前，表示特指意义,Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.,三、零冠词的用法,用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。,As is known to us，knowledge begins with practice.,称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用名词有headmaster、king、president、chairman、moni
9、tor、head等。,(2013成都第一次诊断)David Cameron was elected Prime Minister to lead Britain to a new time.,用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。,He was a teacher before he turned writer.,用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。,Clever boy as he is，he cant solve such a difficult problem.聪明如他，也解决不了如此难的问题。,no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。,Every
10、thing comes with a price；there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.万物都是有价值的，世界上没有免费的午餐。,用于某些独立主格结构中。,The teacher came in，book in hand.老师进来了，手里拿着书。,【知识链接】不定代词的用法和辨析(1)none，nothing，no one/nobody的用法比较,(2)the other，other，another，others的用法比较,【知识链接】it，that，one，those的区别,【知识链接】it的用法(1)it作形式主语或形式宾语
11、代指不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句。Its no use arguing with him.同他争论没什么用。(2)表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激。,(3)用于强调句中：It is/was.that/who.(4)it的高频搭配make it成功；确定时间为(后接时间类名词)as it is事实上；照原样get it明白了,【知识链接】w
12、hatever，whichever，whoever等词的用法whatever，whichever，whoever分别为what，which，who的强调形式，相当于what/which/who on earth，意为：到底(究竟)什么/哪一个/谁，或相当于anything/anyone that/who.作状语时，whatever相当于no matter what.如：Whatever do you want?你到底想要什么？Whoever gave you the book?究竟是谁给你的书？,1 一个一套和一类（1）用and连接两个并列成分；（2）the+形容词 2、主语+介词词组；3、就
13、近原则；4、各种代词的主谓一致;5、短语和从句作主语；6、定语从句中的主谓一致。,主谓一致高考考点分析,问题1：一个，一类和一套 When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.has not decided B.are not decided C.has not been decided D.have not decided,归纳一：1两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数Tom and Dick are good friends.但若表示同一个人。同一件事务或同一个概念时则用单数。类似的表达式有：(a needle and t
14、hread,a horse and cart,truth and honesty,etc),2用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no,each,every,many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。.,The rich _ not always happy.A.is B.has C.have D.are,形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数,问题2：主语+介词词组 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have of
15、fered,主语后有as well as,like,with,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等，谓语应于他们前面主语保持一致,问题3：_ of the southern hemisphere(南半球)_ with water.A.Four-five;is covered B.Four-fifths;is covered C.Four-fifth,are covered D.Four-fifths,are covered.,问题4:,The construction of the two new railway
16、lines _ by now A has completed B have completed C have been completed D has been completed,问题5,表示时间，距离，价格，度量衡的复数名词作主语是时，谓语的数是单数 1 Ten miles _ a long distance A hasnt B havent C isnt D arent2 Ten minutes _ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call A seems B seem C seemed D seeming,问题6 许多.作主语,1 a g
17、reat/good deal of+不可数名词谓语的数是单数2 由quantities of 或amounts of.+名词构成主语时,谓语的数是复数，quantity 和amount的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数也就是说 a quantity of 作主语时谓语的数是单数。3 a number of/a group of/a variety of+名词作主语时，谓语的数用复数，4 the number of+名词做主语时谓语的数用单数 the variety of+名词做主语时谓语用单数5 more than one+单数名词作主语时,谓语的数用单数6 many a+单
18、数名词作主语时,谓语的数用单数7 a lot of lots of,plenty of 谓语的数取决于of后的名词,问题7：He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(02上海春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,一：定语从句1 who,which,that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。2 定语从句先行词是one of+n(pl)时，定从谓语用复数：定语从句先行 词是the only one of+n(pl)时，定从谓语的数用单数
19、 二：倒装句中：1 there be 句型遵循就近原则 2 在主语和谓语的倒装句中，谓语的数应与和他后面的主语的数 保持一致,问题8 His family _ all football fans.A.is B.has been C.are being D.are,1一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数2people,police,cattle是复数名词，谓语只能用复数,问题91.Growing vegetables _ constant watering.A.need B.are needed C.is needed D.needs2.What I
20、 say and think _ no business of yours.A.is B.are C.were D.both A and B,当动名词短语、不定式短语和从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如果用 and 连接两个从句或短语作主语，则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两件事。,问题10：Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(1989)A.is B.are C.am D.be,以连词or,eitheror,neither nor,there be,not onlybu
21、t also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相邻的那个名词的数保持一致。Eg.You or I am to be invited.,问题9：Mathematics _ the language of science.(1978)A.is B.are going to be C.are,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics,politics,physics 以及news,等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时，谓语动词用单数。His“selected Poems”_ first published in 1965.(78)A.were B.was C.has been,
