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1、运 动 系 统Locomotor system,Vol 1.013th Feb 2012,广西医科大学邓琼英Copyright 2012 Qiongying DengAll Rights Reserved,Composition of locomotor system,bone骨 articulation关节 muscle骨骼肌,Numbers:206(include 6 auditory ossicles 听小骨)Classification:According to region Skull 颅骨 Bones of trunk 躯干骨 Appendicular bones 附肢骨,audi
2、tory ossicles,Chapter 1 osteology,The general discription,Section 1,According to shape 4 kinds,Long boneShort boneFlat boneIrregular bone,shaft,Upper extremity,lower extremity,epiphysis,epiphysis,metaphysis,Long bone,Epipysial line,Epiphysial cartilage,Epiphysis,Short bone,Lateral view of hip bone,A
3、nterior&lateral view of sternum,Flat bone,Lateral view of vertebra,Superior view of vertebra,Irregular bone,Sesamoid bone籽骨,Pneumatic bone含气骨,Sesamoid bone,Short bone,Long bone,The bones in hand,red bone marrowyellow bone marrow,The Structure of Bones,Living bones include the following components:,b
4、ony substancePeriosteumbone marrowBlood vessel and nerve supply,compact bonespongy bone,fibrous membranevascular membrane,The shape&structure of bones,Long bone,Articular surfacePeriosteum Compact boneSpongy boneMadullary cavityBone marrowEpiphysial cartilage(Epiphysial line),1,1,2,3,3,3,6,5,5,4,4,7
5、,7,The shape&structure of bones,Flat bone,Irregular bone,Compact bone(Outer plate),Compact bone(Inner plate),Spongy bone,Compact bone,Spongy bone(Dioplo)板障,What type of bone are they belong to?,Tarsal bones(跗骨),Metatarsal bones(跖骨),Sesamoid bones(籽骨),The Chemical Composition and Physical Properties
6、of Bone,Living bones are plastic tissues with organic and inorganic components The organic material gives the bones resilience and toughness;the inorganic salts give them hardness and rigidityThe physical properties of the bones depend upon the chemical component which change with age Normal adult:o
7、rganic components/inorganic components is 3/7,骨的化学成份和物理性质,有机质（骨胶原纤维束和粘多糖蛋白）弹性、韧性 无机质（碱性磷酸钙）硬性、脆性正常成人比例:有机质/无机质约为3:7,膜化骨软骨化骨,The Development of Bones(self-study),What is the anatomical position?How many types of bone according to their shapes？and what is the characteristics in each part？What is the s
8、tructure of bones？,Questions,1.Vertebrae(24),2.Sternum(1),3.Ribs(12),4.Sacrum(1),5.Coccyx(1),The bones of trunk,Section 2,Vertebral bodyPedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根Lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板Vertebral foramenSuperior articular process(2)Inferior articular process(2)Spinous processTransverse proces
9、s(2)2+3=Vertebral archNotch in neighbour vertebral pedicle consist of the intervertebral foramen,General features of the vertebrae,椎骨的一般形态,椎体,椎弓根,椎弓板,棘突 1横突 2上关节突 2下关节突 2,椎间孔,椎上切迹,椎孔,椎弓,椎下切迹,Anterior archAnterior tubercleTransverse foramenTransverse processVertebral foramenDental foveaPosterior arch
10、,The first cervical vertebra(Atlas),A.Superior viewSuperior articular surfaceGroove for vertebral artery,B.Inferior viewInferior articular surface,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,A,B,The second cervical vertebra(axis),1.Dens 齿突2.Superior articular surface3.Transverse process4.Transverse forame
11、n5.Vertebral foramen6.Spinous process7.Inferior articular surface,1,1,2,2,7,7,4,4,3,3,6,2,2,5,3th-6th cervical vertebrae,7th cervical vertebra,Vertebral bodyTransverse foramenTransverse processVertebral foramenSuperior articular surface,Inferior articular surface Spinous processVertebral archAnterio
12、r tuberclePosterior tubercle,The special characteristics of cervical vertebrae,small Vertebral bodyPartly bifid spinous processVertebral foramen is nearly triangular,largeTransverse foramen,Atlas寰椎,Axis枢椎,Vertebra Prominens隆椎,Vertebral bodyPedicle of vertebral arch Lamina of vertebral archVertebral
13、foramenSuperior articular process(2)Inferior articular process(2)Spinous processTransverse process(2)Superior costal foveaInferior costal foveaTransver costal fovea,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,6,7,7,8,8,8,9,10,11,9,9,11,11,Thoracic vertebrae,larger vertebral bodyVertebral foramen is nearly circularArticular f
14、acets of articular process are relatively coronarySuperior inferior costal fovea of the bodiesTransver costal fovea,The special characteristics of thoracic vertebrae,Lumber vertebrae,Vertebral bodyPedicle of vertebral arch Laminae of vertebral archVertebral foramenSuperior articular process(2)Inferi
15、or articular process(2)Spinous processTransverse process(2),Superior view,Lateral view,Large,thick vertebral body is kidney-shapedVertebral foramen is triangularThe spinous process is heavy,rectangular and strong,posterior directions4.The articular processes are almost straight5.relatively sagittal
16、articular facets,The special characteristics of lumbar vertebrae,Sacrum&Coccyx,Anterior view,Posnterior view,Base of sacrumPromontory of sacrumAla of sacrumSacral canalLateral partAnterior sacral foraminaPosterior sacral foraminaTransverse line,Apes of sacrumArticular surfaceMedian sacralSacral hiat
17、usSacral cornuIntermediate sacralCoccygeal cornu,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,sternum,Jugular notchClavicular notchCostal notch for 1st ribManubrium sterniSternal angleCostal notchBody of sternumXiphoid process,1,2,3,4,5,7,5,8,6,8,6,6,Anterior view,Lateral view,Manubrium sterni,Body of sternum,
18、Xiphoid process,True ribsFalse ribsFloating ribs,Ribs:Costal bone+Costal cartilage,Numbers:12 paire,Types:,真肋,假肋,浮肋,肋弓,Costal arch,真肋,假肋,浮肋,后面观,Costal bone,Two ends:anteriorposteriorTwo border:SuperiorInferior Two faces:Internal External Costal groove,肋结节,肋颈,肋角,肋头,肋结节关节面,肋沟,上关节面,下关节面,上关节面,下关节面,肋结节,肋
19、颈,肋体,肋的一般形态,肋头肋颈肋体,The 1st&2nd ribs,Costal headCostal neckCostal tubercleSulcus for subclavian arteryTubercle for scalenus anteriorSulcus for subclavian vein,Describe the general features of the vertebrae,and what is the main characteristics in each region？What is the composition of rib？What is the composition of the bones of truck？,Questions,The end,
