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1、Attributive Clause,在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句。被定语修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。,who指人：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。whom指人：在定语从句中作宾语。whose可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。that 可指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.which引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句。as可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.也可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰
2、整个主句。,关系代词:,典型错误,Thank you for the record that you gave it to me.(),Thank you for the record that you gave me.(),无论是关系代词还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。,两种定语从句在意义上的区别,In their classes there are 15 students who can speak English well.In their classes there are 15 students,who can speak English
3、well.She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.She has two sons,who are P.L.A.men.,不止个学生,只有个学生,不止两个，其余的可能不当兵,只有两个，都是解放军,先行词是one,anyone,those,he时宜用who.Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished.Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.在非限制性定语从句中His mother,who loves him very much,is strict wi
4、th him.,（一）只用who的情况,当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.在there be开头的句子中There is an old man who wants to see you.一句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句的关系词是that，另一个只用whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.,（二）只用that的情况,当先行
5、词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little，或当先行词被every,any,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时Is there any question that troubles you much?当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级,the only,the very,the last等词修饰时Is this the first time that you have come to our city?Li ming is the only one that got full marks in our class.,当先
6、行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?主句是以who,which开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时:Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday?5.当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.6注意：that只能用在限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中永远不用that，介词后也不能跟that,（三）whose的使用,whose通常指人，也
7、可指物，在定语从句中作定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词There are some people whose faces you can never forget.I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.,the faces of whom,the leaves of which,（四）只用which的情况,非限制性定语从句中只用which，不用thatBeijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.关系代词紧跟在介词或介词
8、短语之后，只能用which或 whom，不能用thatThis is the hotel in which you will stay.This is the hotel which/that you will stay in.,Tips,1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略.eg.This is the house _ I visited.2.what不能引导定语从句;且what=all thatI will do all that I can to help you.=I will do what I can to help you.,which/that/不用,3.one of+
9、pl.n.+关系代词+动词复数 the(only)one of+pl.n.+关系代词+单数动词The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings _ _(draw)lots of visitors.Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies _ _(have be)produced in Hollywood.,that,draw,that,has been,Exercise 1,1.I can still remember the sitting room in _ my moth
10、er and I used to sit in the evening.2.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.3.Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.4.We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.5.The man _ you just talked to was a friend of mine.,which,whose,that,that/which,who(m)/that,作的宾语,
11、6.Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black.7.Mr.White is one of the foreign experts _ are working in China.8.Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?9.This is the worker with _ my father worked.10.To get the job started,all _ I need is your permission.,whose,who/that,that/which,whom,tha
12、t,Exercise1,1.Is this the factory _ you have been to last year?A.which B.in which C.where D.the one 2.Is this factory _ you have been to last year?A.which B.in which C.where D.the one3.Is Mr.Smith the person _ you know this?A.that B.whom C.from whom D.by whom4.I attended the meeting the importance _
13、 I did not realize at that time.A.who B.of which C.which D.its,A,D,C,B,5.Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now?A.which B.that C.who D.as6.This book is _ Im looking for.A.that B.what C.which D.one7.This is the most interesting one _ I have ever read.A.which B.that C.of which D.in that8.All of the
14、flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A.once they grew B.they grew once C.that once grew D.once grew,A,B,B,C,关系副词的用法,that/which和when,Do you remember the days when we first spent together?()Do you remember the days which/that we first spent together?(),析：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句的引
15、导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”when”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是时间状语。在这句中先行词the day在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此要用that/which,that/which与where,Ill never forget the school where we visited last Sunday.()Ill never forget the school(that/which)we visited last Sunday.(),析：先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”where”，取决
16、于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是地点状语。在这句中先行词the school在定语从句中作visited的宾语，因此要用that/which.,that/which与why,Tell me the reason _ you are late.Is this the reason _ he told you?,why,that,先行词是reason时，定语从句的引导词是关系代词thatwhich还是关系副词why，取决于该先行词在从句中的成分。句中reason在从句中作原因状语，句中reason在从句中作tell的宾语。,“介词+关系代词”,介词的选择：一般介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性
17、搭配,The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.,含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面因此不能使用“介词+关系代词”结构如：look for,look after,take care of.,Is this the watch which he was looking for?,Is this the watch for which he was looking?(),Exercises 2,1.Do you still remember the day _ we first
18、came to Tibet?A.which B.that C.when D.where 2.Is this the company _ all employees are treated well?A.that B.which C.in that D.where3.This summer Ill return to the small village _ I grew up.A.which B.where C.that D.when4.Is that the reason _ you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where,C,D,B,A,
19、5.The doctors and nurses did all _ they could to help those _ were infected with SARS.A.which;which B.that;why C.that;who D.what;who6.Is there a restaurant around _ we can have something to eat?A.where B.that C.what D.why7.We came to the place _ they had never paid a visit before.A.to where B.to whi
20、ch C.that D.when8.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A.whom B.when C.who D.where,C,A,B,C,As,which引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词as引导的定语从句,引导限制性定语从句：,(1)such+名词/so+形容词+名词+as“像一样的”、“像之类”the same+名词+as“和同样的”,Such people as you describe are thought to be fools nowadays.(as作宾语),He is
21、not the same man as he was.(as作表语),This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),This is the sam
22、e pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题，完成下列句子。,1.The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that(draw/draws)lots of visitors.2.The Great Wall is the(only)one of the buildings on the earth that(is/are)seen from the moon.3.Great chan
23、ges have taken place in China,as(is/are)known to all.4.He has passed the college entrance examination,which(makes/make)his parents quite happy.,5.I,who(am/is)your teacher,will try my best to help you.6.To own a color TV set in each family,which we thought(was/mere)impossible twenty years ago,now becomes true.7.Have you heard of the persons and things that(is/are)being talked about?,
