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1、Mark Twain suggested that an ingredient was missing in the America ambition when he said:what a robust pepole,what a nation of thinkers we might be,lf we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.翻译：马克吐温觉得，美国式的抱负中缺少一个成分。他说：如果我们能偶然的彻底放松一下，使我们的棱角保持锋利，那么我们的民族将会是一个多么富有朝气，多么善
2、于思考的民族啊。,ingredient 成分，原料，因素，要素eg:our skin cream contains only natural ingredients.我们的护肤霜只包含天然成分。occasionally ken()li adv.偶尔，间或；“occasional”的派生 eg:We occasionally meet for a drink after work.我们下班后偶尔相聚小酌。,robust adj 1 强健的，强壮的eg:she was almost 90,but still very robust 她将近90岁了，但身体仍然十分强健。2 结实的，耐用的，坚固的3(
3、体制或结构)强劲的，富有活力的 robust economic growth 强劲的经济增长4 坚定的，信心十足的noun：robustness,lay ourselves on the shelf:relax,rest or stay away from all this crazy struggle for success edge d n.边；优势（悬崖、峭壁的）边缘，端；锋利，尖锐 vt.在上加边界；使渐进；给（刀刃）磨边，使锋利；修整 vi.慢慢向前移动，侧身移动noun:锋利，尖锐eg:a knife with a sharp edge 刀刃锋利renew our edges:ke
4、ep our edges sharp,renew vt.重新开始；使更新；使恢复；补充 vi.重申，重复强调；重新开始 vt:renew your health 恢复你的健康 vi:There was renewed fighting yesterday.昨天战斗重新打响了。,Personal tragedy haunted his entire life,in the deaths of loved ones:his father dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12；his brother Herry,killed by a steamboat explos
5、ion,the death of his son,Langon,at 19 mouths.译文：可悲的是马克吐温的一生却笼罩在悲剧和不幸的阴影中，他的亲人相继离他而去;他12岁时，父亲便因肺炎而去世；他的兄弟亨利在一次蒸汽船爆炸事故中丧生，他的儿子朗顿才十九个月就夭折了。,haunt verb 萦绕在心头，缠绕：长期困扰eg:The stigma of being a bankrupt is likely to haunt him for the rest of his life.破产的耻辱可能会让他余生不得安宁。Vi 尤指鬼魂重回或常去 eg:His ghost is said to hau
6、nt some of the rooms,banging a toy drum.据说他的鬼魂经常敲着玩具鼓出没在其中的一些房间里。noun:方鬼或其它超自然物体；常去的地方 The college library is a favorite haunt.大学图书馆是人们喜欢的地方。,haunted adj.闹鬼的；受到折磨的；令人烦恼的 haunt”的过去式和过去分词adj（表情）焦虑的，忧心忡忡的eg:She looked so haunted,I almost didnt recognize her.她愁容满面，我差点儿没认出她来。,pneumonia nmonj,nj-n.医肺炎；急性肺
7、炎 eg:She nearly died of pneumonia.她差点儿死于肺炎。explosion ksplon n.爆炸，炸裂；爆发；扩张，激增；（感情，尤指愤怒的）突然 eg:After the second explosion,all of Londons main train and subway stations were shut down.第二次爆炸后，伦敦所有的主要火车站和地铁站都关闭了。,N-count 可数名词 爆炸声;轰然巨响There was an explosion of music.突然爆发出一阵震耳欲聋的音乐声.His eldest daughter,Sus
8、y,died of spinal meningitis,Mis.Clements succumbed to a heart attack in Florence,and youngest daughter,Jean,an epileptic,drowned in an upstairs bathtub.译文：他的大女儿苏茜死于脊膜炎；他的妻子在佛罗伦萨死于心脏病；他最小的女儿简患有癫痫，发病时溺死在楼上的浴缸里。,spinal spanl adj.脊柱的，与脊柱有关的；针的，刺的；棘状突起的 adv.在脊骨方面，压着脊骨 n.医脊髓麻醉spinal injuries 脊椎损伤meningiti
9、s mnndats n.脑膜炎Meningitis is a serious infectious illness which affects your brain and spinal cord.bronchitis 支气管炎 tonsillitis 扁桃体炎 appendicitis：阑尾炎 hepatitis 肝炎 arthritis 关节炎,succumbed skmd v.不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）(succumb的过去式和过去分词)；屈从；被压垮；死于 to succumb to:to give in or stop resistingeg:A few years later,
10、Katya succumbed to cancer in London.几年后，卡佳因患癌症在伦敦病逝。He succumbed to the temptations of the big city.他受不住大城市的诱惑。,epileptic epleptk adj.由癫痫引发的 n.癫痫病患者 His wife is an epileptic.他妻子是个癫痫患者.drown dran vt.淹死；浸没；麻痹某人对的意识；（一声音）淹没（另一声音）vi.淹死 eg:Last night a boy was drowned in the river.昨晚一名男孩在河里溺亡。eg:Clapping
11、 drowned the speakers words for a moment.鼓掌声一度淹没了发言人的声音。,bathtub btb,b-n.浴缸，澡盆 eg:Please let the water out of the bathtub.请把浴缸里的水放掉。Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well padded with humor.Now the gloves came off with biting satire.
12、译文：这个曾经给全世界带来欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世间的不幸与辛酸。他早期作品中的说教包着幽默的外衣，可现在幽默却变成了辛辣的讽刺。,to feed on/upon-to take as food Rhetorical device:the personification of bitterness-to emphasize the suffering in his own lifePad with humor-cover,stuff,fill with humor,(1)bitterness btns n.苦味；痛苦；悲痛；酷烈 She was full of hatred and bitte
13、rness.她满腔仇恨和辛酸。If you have tasted the bitterness of gall,you know better the sweetness of honey.吃过黄连苦，更知蜜糖甜。bitter adj 1 激烈的；猛烈的；充满敌意的eg:the scene of bitter fighting 激烈的战斗场面,2 怨恨的；愤愤不平的 3（经历或感觉）令人非常失望的，痛苦的，辛酸的 eg:A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully.大量惨痛的经历让他学会了如何坦
14、然面对失败。noun:苦啤酒 a pint of bitter一品脱苦啤酒 to the bitter end 坚持到底；拼到底(2)biting bat adj.尖锐刺人的；刺痛 的；辛辣的；嘲讽的 v.咬，叮(bite的现在分词)；刺痛；有咬（或叮）的习性；（人）上当,1 刻薄的；尖刻的；辛辣的eg:biting satire 尖刻的讽刺 2 寒冷的；刺骨的；凛冽的eg:.a raw,biting northerly wind.阴冷刺骨的北风(3)satire star n.讽刺；讽刺文学；讽刺作品 eg:a sharp satire on the American political p
15、rocess.一部尖刻讽刺美国政治进程的作品,moralizing mrlz 1.vt 进行训诫，进行说教，教化 eg:As a dramatist I hate to moralize.作为一名剧作家，我憎恨说教。2 noun 说教 eg:We have tried to avoid any moralising.我们力图避免任何形式的说教。moralization n.道德说教，伦理课程，道义 moralization(the act of making moral),pad vt.给装衬垫，加垫子；填塞；踏平 vi.步行，放轻脚步走 n.垫，衬垫；护具；便签本；发射台 eg:a jack
16、et with padded shoulders 有垫肩的夹克 noun(可数)1 住处;（尤指）寓所，公寓 eg:I moved on round the big house to reach my pad.我绕过大房子走向我的公寓。2 指头肚儿；（动物的）爪垫eg:Tap your cheeks all over with the pads of your fingers.用手指头肚儿轻拍脸颊一遍。,“the gloves came off”derives from the idiom“an iron hand in a velvet glove”(ruthlessness conceal
17、ed by good manners,soft speech,etc.)-笑里藏刀 口蜜腹剑He pretended to praise the U.S.military for the massacre of 600 Philippine Moros in the bowl of a volcanic crater.译文：对于美军在火山口上屠杀600名菲律宾摩洛人的所作所为，他假装高唱赞歌。massacre msk n.大屠杀，残杀；（牲畜的）成批屠宰 vt.屠杀，残杀；损害，毁坏；彻底击败；惨败,eg：Maria lost her 62-year-old mother in the mas
18、sacre.在大屠杀中玛丽亚失去了62岁的母亲。eg:The game was a 0-8 massacre.比赛结果是0-8惨败。Philippine Moros(Muslims of Malay(马来西亚的)origin living in S Philippine 菲律宾摩洛人 Moros 摩洛族（居住在菲律宾南部，多为伊斯兰教教徒，以制造武器闻名），摩洛语(Moro的名词复数)；地名 西班牙 莫罗斯,1.摩罗斯 方童,摩罗斯(Moros),命数,是希腊神话中迫近的劫数和毁灭的化身。2.莫伊莱 莫伊莱(Moros),命运女神黑暗女神厄瑞玻斯与黑夜女神尼克特婚配后生有:挨特耳(Aether
19、),太空神赫墨拉(Hemera),光明神盖亚与她的儿子乌拉诺斯结合,生下:12个3.厄运之神 kere 毁灭女神 caries keres 死亡女神,crater kret n.火山口，喷火口；弹坑；天文学巨爵座；（月球上的）环形山 vt.在上形成坑；取消；毁坏 vi.形成坑；毁坏；消亡 They came to the lip of a dead crater.他们来到了一个死火山口。volcanic vlknk,vl-adj.火山的；猛烈的；暴烈的 n.火山岩,The Mysterious Stranger,It was published posthumously in the appr
20、aisal of his work.The story is that of some boys,who are really Tom Sawyers gangs in medieval dress,in a small village in Austria,who strike up an acquaintance with a supernatural visitor who calls himself“Satan(撒旦，魔鬼)”and is able to work miracles and juggle with(欺骗，玩弄)human lives.At last he grows b
21、ored with his own game.,He then said to the boy:“It is true,that which I have revealed to you,there is no God,no universe,no human race,no earthly life,no heaven,no hell.It is all a dream-a grotesque(怪诞的)and foolish dream.Nothing exists but you.And you are but a thought-a vagrant(流浪者)thought,a usele
22、ss thought,a homeless thought,wandering forlorn(凄凉的)among the empty eternities(空虚的永恒）!”,Here in the closing pages of the story,Mark Twain tries to solve his riddle of grief and self-reproach(指责),and clothe(赋予)his soul in the invulnerable(攻不破的)armor(装甲)of desperation.Good and evil,like reality itself
23、,are to him only illusions.神秘的陌生人是马克吐温的晚年代表作。作者借小说中的“撒旦”之口来嘲弄人间的丑恶，对人性提出质疑，他诅咒“人连畜生都不如”，对人类前途不报希望。作者在嬉笑怒骂的背后，隐藏着深深的绝望，把美国的种种丑恶现象当做人类不能自拔的罪恶渊源，进而对整个人类文明和前途表示了悲观情绪。,In The Mysterious Stranger,he insistedthat men drop his religious illusions and depend upon himself,not Providence,to make a better world
24、.译文：在他的神秘的陌生人 一书中，他坚定地宣布，为创造一个更加美好的世界，人应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己，而不是上帝。insisted-declared firmly or persistentlyillusions lun n.错觉；幻想；错误观念；假象,eg:No one really has any illusions about winning the war.没有人幻想能赢得这场战争.eg:This eerie calm is an illusion.这种怪诞的平静是一种假象.depend upon 依赖，依靠providence prvdns,dns n.天道，天意；远见；节约；上
25、帝，神 eg:These women regard his death as an act of providence.这些女人认为他的死乃是天意。,The last of his own illusion seemed to have crumbled near the end.Dictating his autobiography late in his life,he commen-ted with a crushing sense of despair on mens final release from earthly struggles.译文：他自己的最后一个幻想到后来几乎也破灭了
26、。在他晚年口述其自传时，他曾极度绝望地谈到人从尘世的苦难中得以最终的解脱。,crumble vt.把弄成碎屑；弄碎 vi.破碎，破裂；碎成粉末；瓦解；崩裂 n.碎屑，面包屑；已崩溃的东西；瓦砾堆 Verb(体系、关系或希望等)崩溃，瓦解，消亡eg:It only takes a minute for the football hopes of an entire country to crumble.就在一分钟之内，全国民众的足球梦想就化为了泡影。,dictating dktet v.大声讲或读(dictate的现在分词)；口授；支配；摆布eg:Sheldon writes every day
27、 of the week,dictating his novels in the morning.谢尔登一周 7 天都要写作，每天早上口述小说让别人记录。Verb 命令;发号施令;强行规定 eg:What right has one country to dictate the environmental standards of another?一个国家有什么权力强行给另一个国家制定环境标准？,dictate（noun 可数名词）1 命令，指令2 原则，规则，准则eg:Their job is to ensure that the dictates of the Party are foll
28、owed.他们的工作就是确保党的指示得到执行。autobiography tobarfi,-bi-n.自传；自传文学(可数名词）eg:He published his autobiography last autumn.他去年秋天出版了自己的自传。,commented vt.意见 I was wondering whether you had any comments about that?请问您对此有何见解？,3.N-sing单数名词(通常是不好的事的)体现，写照4.Convention 惯用语无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的提问)No comment.I dont know anything.
29、无可奉告。我什么都不知道。crushing kr adj.压倒的；决定性的；支离破碎的 v.压碎，压坏(crush的现在分词)；镇压，征服；冲入(crush的现在分词）,1.adj 惨重的;毁灭性的;严重的 a crushing burden of debt.沉重的债务负担 All had suffered crushing misfortunes and had not been crushed.他们全部遭受过毁灭性的灾难，但结果并没有被毁掉。earthly:li adj.地球的，地上的；尘世的，世俗的；可能1.adj 尘世的;世间的;人世的They lived in an earthly
30、paradise.他们生活在人间天堂。,the sorrows of this earthly life 尘世的悲哀 2.adj（用于no earthly reason等短语中表示强调）根本，绝对Theres no earthly use saying it isnt true.说它不是真的根本没有用。,They vanish from a world where they were of no consequence;where they achieved nothing;where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness;wh
31、ere they have left no sign that they had existeda world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.译文：他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重；碌碌无为；他们本身的存在就是错误，就是失败，就是一桩愚蠢的事；在这个世界上，他们没有留下任何表明他们曾经存在过的足迹这个世界将为他们哀悼一日，再将他们永远地忘却。,vanish vn vi.消失；突然不见；消亡，消灭；数化为零 vt.使消失，使不见 n.语音学消失音，弱化音 1.verb 消失;失踪;突然不见The aircra
32、ft vanished without trace.飞机消失得无影无踪。2.verb(物种）灭绝;（传统）消亡.all the species of birds that had vanished from Iowa.艾奥瓦州所有消失了的鸟类物种,of no consequence 漠不相关 eg:Its of no consequence.这不碍事。eg:It is of no consequence.这无关紧要。lament lmnt vt.&vi.（为）哀悼；悲叹；悔恨；痛惜 n.哀歌，挽歌；悲恸，恸哭；悲痛之情；悼词1.verb 为悲痛；哀叹；痛惜Ken began to lament the death of his only son.肯开始对独子的死悲痛不已。,2.可数名词 悲痛之情；哀叹；痛惜3.可数名词 悼词；挽歌A singer on the country music station was singing a lament for the late,great Buddy Holly.乡村音乐电台中，一位歌手正演唱歌曲哀悼已故的伟大音乐人巴迪霍利。,Thank you!,
