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1、专题十 句子类型,考点一简单句1概念以及句型特点(1)概念：简单句就是句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。(2)句型特点：主语谓语注：它只包含一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个结构都只用单词短语表示。,考点二并列句1概念以及句型特点(1)概念：并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成的。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间不是从属关系，而是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连接。(2)句型特点：简单句并列连词简单句,2以常用连接词为线索剖析并列句常用的连接词有以and,or,but,so为代表的四大类。(1)以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词此类并列连词包括and(和；同),not only.but
2、(also).(不但而且),and then(那么)等。He helps me and he also helps others.他帮助我，也帮助别人。,(2)以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词此类并列连词包括or(或者；否则),either.or.(或者或者),otherwise(否则)等。Hurry up,or well be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。Either you come to my home or I get to yours.要么你到我家，要么我到你家。,(3)以but为代表的表示转折意义的并列连词此类并列连词包括but(但是；可是),while(而),yet(然
3、而),however(然而)等。He is young,but he works hard.他虽然年轻，但学习努力。It looks like rain.However,it is clear this morning.天好像要下雨了，然而今天上午还是晴天。,(4)以so为代表的表示因果关系的并列连词此类并列连词包括so(因此；所以),for(因为)。Mike didnt come to school,for he was ill.迈克没有来上学，因为他病了。He works hard,so he is a top student of class.因为他学习努力，所以是班上最优秀的学生。,考
4、点三复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。从句都是陈述语序。Can you tell me who he is?你能告诉我他是谁吗？从句通常由关联词引导。从句可分为三类：名词性从句(有宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句)；形容词性从句(也叫定语从句)；副词性从句(也叫状语从句)。,I asked her in English what she was,and she told me that she was an English teacher.我用英语问她是干什么的，她告诉我她是一名英语老师。此句是一个复合句，what
5、she was 和that she was.是两个宾语从句；and she told me.是并列句。,1宾语从句(1)宾语从句在句子中作动词或介词的宾语；在Im afraid等句型中，从句也可用于形容词之后。Im afraid(that)I have made a mistake.恐怕我犯了一个错误。(2)引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：that不作成分，没有词义，常可省略；whether或if“是否”，不作成分，但有词义，不能省略；,what“什么”或“的事情”、which“哪个(些)”、who“谁”、whom“谁”(宾格)、whose“谁的”、when“何时”、where“何地”、how“怎
6、样”、why“为什么”等。(3)当间接引用或转述别人的话时，往往要用宾语从句的形式。若主句谓语动词为过去时，则从句动词一般要呼应成过去时态的相应形式。但若引述的是真理等，从句仍保持原来的时态形式。,注：从句时态的呼应规律：,(4)在变为间接引语时，原句为陈述句，则变为that引导的宾语从句；原句为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句，则变为whether(if)引导的宾语从句；原句为特殊疑问句，则变为同一个wh词引导的宾语从句。Wed like to know whether the sports meeting comes or not.我们想知道运动会是否要来到了。,注：若原来的直接引语是祈
7、使句，间接引语中则变为不定式形式to do sth.作宾语补足语；若为否定祈使句，则变为不定式的否定式not to do sth.。变化后的句子仍为简单句。Jim asked Ling Feng to look after Polly.吉姆请求凌峰照顾波力。(5)宾语从句应注意三点：引导词、语序和时态。,2状语从句状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或全句。状语从句由连词(或连词词组)引导，其位置可以在句首，也可以在句尾。状语从句可以分为时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、比较或方式等状语从句。(1)时间状语从句时间状语从句常由when(当时候)，as(时)，while(当时候
8、)，before(之前)，after(之后)，as soon as(一就)，,since(自从)，until(till)(一直到)等引导。在时间状语从句中，要特别注意用一般现在时去代替一般将来时。Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she came to the city.自从来到这座城市，梅梅收到了一些来自家乡的信。“肯定形式的延续性动词until从句”表“一直到”；“否定形式的动词until”表“直到才”。He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back.直到他
9、妈妈回来他才睡觉。,(2)条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if，unless(除非)引导，从句中该用一般将来时的时候，要用一般现在时来代替。I think he will come if it doesnt rain.我想不下雨的话他会来。,(3)原因状语从句原因状语从句常由because(因为所以)，since(既然)，as(由于)等引导。注意“因为所以”不可说“because.so.”，两个连词只可留其一。As he did not know the answer,he did not put up his hand.由于不知道答案，他没有举手。,(4)让步状语从句让步状语从句常由though
10、，although，even if，no matter 疑问句，even though等引导。表“虽然但是”时，不可说“(although)though.but.”，两个连词只能留其一。The whole library was in silence,although there were nearly 500 people reading in it.尽管有将近500人在看书，但整座图书馆却寂静无声。,(5)结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so.that.，such.that.等引出，表“如此以至于”，so 后常加形容词或副词，such后常加名词。Sorry,you speak so quick
11、ly that I cant follow you.对不起，你说得太快以至于我听不懂。,(6)比较状语从句比较状语从句常由as.as或not as/so.as引出表示同级比较的句子，由than引出表示比较级比较的句子。The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河流都要长。,3定语从句在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后，常由关系代词或关系副词引出，被修饰的词称为先行词。常见的关系代词有：who，whom，which，that，whose，关系副词有wh
12、en，why，where。,(1)先行词为指人的名词或代词时，定语从句用who或that 来引导。Do you know the girl who is in a red dress?你认识那个穿红色连衣裙的女孩吗？(2)先行词为指物的名词或代词时，用which或that，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。She works in a shoe factory which/that is far from here.她在离这儿很远的一家鞋厂工作。,(3)只能用关系代词that引导的定语从句的几种情况：当先行词是anything,nothing,everything 等不定代词时。Im
13、sorry to tell you that there is nothing that I can do for you.很抱歉告诉你，我帮不上忙。当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best way that can solve the problem.这是解决问题的最好办法。,当先行词被 first，last，only，very，no，just，any，little等词修饰时。She asked for the last book that was on the subject.她要了有关这个科目的最后一本书。当先行词中既有人又有物时。He watched the
14、children and boxes that filled the car.他看着塞满汽车的孩子和盒子,(4)who引导的定语从句当who 为疑问代词时，引导特殊疑问句；当who为关系代词时，引导定语从句。其用法如下：who引导的定语从句的先行词为表示人的名词或代词。The boy who is standing under the tree is Peter.那个站在树底下的男孩是彼得。,who在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；但在非正式英语中，who也可作宾语，且可以省略。The person who was here yesterday is a teacher.昨天来这儿的那个人是个老师
15、。在定语从句中，who 在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。Do you know the boy who is standing over there?你认识在那边站着的那个男孩吗？,(5)当先行词为地点名词(如village，town，home，place等)时，用关系副词 where来引导，where在从句中作地点状语。This is the place where we came last summer.这就是我们去年夏天来的地方。(6)当先行词为表示时间的名词(如day，year，season等)时，用关系副词when来引导，when在从句中作时间状语。Ill never forg
16、et the day when I joined the League.我将永远忘不了我入团的那一天。,专题训练11 简单句、并列句、复合句（训练时间：45分钟 分值：50分）,1(2012呼和浩特)The little boy was wrapping the present_ would be sent to his teacher.Awho B/Cwhat Dthat解析：考查定语从句。what不能引导定语从句；who引导定语从句时，指代人；that引导定语从句时，指代物。本句先行词是the present，为物，所以应用that，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略，故选D。答案：D,2(20
17、12陕西)Tomorrow is Fathers Day.I dont know _.Awhat can I do for my father Bwhat I will get for my fatherCwhere I went with my father Dwhere will I go with my father 解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，A、D两项是倒装语序，可排除；由“Tomorrow”可知，应用一般将来时。故选B。答案：B,3I was told to meet Mr.Green at the airport.But I dont know_he will arr
18、ive.Awhere Bwhy Chow Dwhen解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我被告知在飞机场接格林先生，但是我不知道他什么时候会到达”知选D。答案：D,4One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _are often visited by foreigners is the Slender West Lake.Awhat Bwho Cthat D/解析：考查定语从句的引导词。由先行词one of the most interesting places知用关系代词that引导定语从句。答案：C,5(2012广州)Its surpri
19、sing that he got such a high mark!Yes.I wonder _ it.Ahow did he do Bhow he did Cwhy did he do Dthat he did解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项。再由wonder可知，此处是问如何做到的，故选B。答案：B,6(2012柳州)Could you tell me _？Awhere is the bank Bwhere the bank is Cwhere was the bank解析：考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中应用陈述语序，could表示委婉的语气，不表过去，故选B。答案：
20、B,7The story_I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.Awhose Bwho Cthat Dwhere解析：考查定语从句的引导词。本句中先行词the story指物，用that或which引导定语从句。故选C。答案：C,8_they are very tired，they feel happy because theyve finally finished their project.ASo BAlthough CIf DBut解析：考查让步状语从句。so“因此，所以”；although“
21、尽管，虽然”；if“如果”；but“但是”。由句意“他们尽管很累了，但因最终完成了他们的项目而感到很快乐”可知需用although引导让步状语从句，故选B。答案：B,9(2012青海)Do you know the old woman _ is looking for her dog?Awhich Bwho Cwhose Dwhom解析：考查定语从句。the old woman是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，关系代词应用who，故选B。答案：B,10I want to know_he will be the volunteer in the 2011 Universiade(世界大学生运动会)
22、in Shenzhen.Awhere Bwho Cif Dwhich解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我想知道他是否将在深圳2011年世界大学生运动会上做志愿者”知选C。答案：C,11(2012呼和浩特)What did your teacher say this morning?She told us_.Awhy was Tom late for school againBwhether we had too much homeworkChow she did come to school this morningDthat we would have a test soon解析：考查宾语
23、从句。宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除A；C项中陈述句语序不用助动词did；主句动词told后的宾语从句不含疑问意义，排除B。故选D。答案：D,12The policeman asked the small girl _.Awhy she was crying Bwhy was she cryingCwhy she is crying Dwhy is she crying解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项；主句用了一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，故选A。答案：A,13The first thing _my brother is going to do this aft
24、ernoon is to write a letter.Awhich Bthat Cwhy Dwho解析：考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词“thing”表事物又被序数词修饰，故使用关系词that引导，选B。答案：B,14(2012广州)Whenever he was late，he could find plenty of excuses _ sounded reasonable.Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich解析：考查定语从句。先行词excuses(借口)，指物，关系代词应用that或which，故选D。答案：D,15Mom，shall we have supper now?
25、Oh，we wont have supper _your dad comes back.Auntil Bsince Cwhile Dafter解析：考查引导时间状语从句的连词。not.until意为“直到才”，为固定搭配。答语句意为“直到你爸爸回来我们才吃晚饭”。答案：A,16I cant understand _Apples iPad 2.Awhy are they so mad aboutBwhy they are so mad aboutChow are they so mad aboutDhow they are so mad about解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除
26、A、C两项；由句意可知选B。答案：B,17(2012黄石)Everyone can play an important part in society.As members,we should try our best to do _.Awhat we should do Bwhat should we doChow we should do Dhow should we do解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序使用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项；根据句意“我们应该尽最大的努力做好我们该做的”可知选A。答案：A,18.(2012贵阳)Teresa is_ nervous_ she cant talk
27、 in front of the class.Asuch;thatBtoo;toCso;that解析：考查状语从句。such.that.和so.that.引导结果状语从句，such后接名词，so后接形容词或副词；too.to.结构中too后接形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。nervous是形容词，后面是从句，故选C。答案：C,19We dont like people _talk too much but never do anything.Awhose Bwho Cwhen Dwhich解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词people是人，并且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句
28、。答案：B,20John is the boy _legs were badly hurt in the accident.Awhose Bthat Cwho Dwhich解析：考查定语从句的引导词。当先行词是人，并且关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，要用whose来引导定语从句。that，who和which都不可以在定语从句中作定语。故选A。答案：A,21Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?Sure,Ill give it to her _she arrives here.Abefore Buntil Cbecause Das soon as解
29、析：考查引导状语从句的连词。before“在之前”；until“直到为止”；because“因为”；as soon as“一就”。由句意“她一到这儿我就给她”可知选D。答案：D,22Youd better take the map with you _you wont get lost.Aas long as Bas soon asCnow that Dso that解析：考查目的状语从句。由主句“你最好随身带着地图”知目的是为了“你不会迷路”，故用so that引导目的状语从句。as long as“只要”；as soon as“一就”；now that“既然；由于”。答案：D,23(201
30、2长沙)Do you know the girl_ is dancing over there?Yes.She is Toms sister.Awho Bwhom Cwhich解析：考查定语从句。the girl是先行词，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词who引导，故选A。答案：A,24(2012贵阳)“What do you think of the school uniforms？”“Very good.I like clothes_ make me feel comfortable.”Athat Bwhat Cwho解析：考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是clothes，指物，关系
31、代词应用which或that。故选A。答案：A,25(2012苏州)We havent discussed yet_.Awhere we are going to put our new table Bwhere are we going to put our new tableCwhat we are going to put our new table Dwhat are we going to put our new table解析：考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语从句中用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项，表示“把新桌子放在哪”，使用where，故选A。答案：A,26Tony，tell me the
32、 result of the discussion _you had with your dad yesterday.Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwho解析：考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词引导，排除C项；who引导定语从句时其先行词指人，不符合题意；what不能作定语从句的引导词；which引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语时，其先行词为物，符合题意。答案：B,27Who is your new head teacher this semester?The woman _is wearing a red skirt.Awhom Bwho Cwhose
33、Dwhich解析：考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词指代the woman，并在定语从句中作主语，只有who符合题意。whom指人，作宾语；whose“谁的”，作定语；which指物，可作主语或宾语。答案：B,28.(2012黄石)I still remember the time_ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.Awhen Bwhat Cwho Dwhich解析：考查定语从句。the time是先行词，指物，在从句中作spent的宾语，关系代词使用that或which，故选D。答案：D,29Your Tshirt is so cool
34、.Could you tell me _？Awhere you buy it Bwhere do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序，可排除B、D。由句意可判断时态应为过去时，故选C。答案：C,30(2012河南)My pen pal from America is coming to visit me.Im thinking about _.Awhat present did I give her Bhow I will give her a surpriseCwhere w
35、ill we have a big mealDwhether I planned a trip for her解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；根据“Im thinking about”可判断不能用过去时态，故排除D，选B。答案：B,31Friends are those _ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho解析：考查定语从句。先行词those这里代指friends，故用who引导定语从句。答案：D,32
36、(2012苏州)What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.Ais raining Brains Cwill rain D rain解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中使用一般现在时表示一般将来的含义，tomorrow是将来的时间，故选B。答案：B,33(2012柳州)The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.Awho Bwhen Cthat解析：考查定语从句。plac
37、e是先行词，指物，且其前有最高级修饰，因此定语从句的关系代词应用that。故选C。答案：C,34(2012沈阳)I wonder _ pet fish.They are a pleasure to watch.Awhy people keep Bwhy do people keep Cwhere people keep Dwhere do people keep解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。又由语境可知选A。答案：A,35(2012河南)Success will belong to those _ never say“impossible”Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhic
38、h解析：考查定语从句。whom引导定语从句，指“人”，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，指“人”，在从句中作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，指“物”，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句意“成功属于那些从不说不可能的人”可知，此处指代“人”，且作主语，故选C。答案：C,36The boy _ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother.Awho Bwhat Cwhich解析：考查定语从句。主语是the boy，故引导词用who。答案：A,37(2012福州)Well go for a picnic if
39、 it _ this Sunday.Wish you a lovely weekend.Arain Bdoesnt rain Cwont rain解析：在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。故选B。答案：B,38Do you like music _ makes you relaxed?Ait Bwhat Cwho Dthat解析：本题是对从句引导词的考查。句意为“你喜欢那些能让你放松的音乐吗？”后半部分是个定语从句，先行词为music，可以用that或which引导，所以选D。答案：D,39_ you dont go to bed earlier,you will fe
40、el tired in the morning.AUnless BIf CThough DUntil解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。答案：B,40(2012河北)Our teachers always give us good advice.We should follow _.Awhat they say Bwhat they said Cwhich they say Dwhich they said解析：考查动词时态和特殊疑问词的辨析。句意为“我们的老师总是给我们好的建议。我们要听从他们所说的”。what they say“他们所说的”，符合句意。故选A。答案：A,41_ well yo
41、u drive,you must drive carefully.ANo matter where BIn order that CNo matter how DAs soon as解析：句意为“不管你开车开得多好，也一定要认真开”。故选C。答案：C,42(2012柳州)Wang Dong didnt go to school yesterday _ he was ill.Aso Bif Cbecause解析：because引导原因状语从句，符合语境。故选C。答案：C,43We should be ready to help the people _ are in trouble.Awhose
42、 Bwhom Cwhich Dwho解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是人且作主语，引导词用who或that，故选D。答案：D,44(2012上海)Martin and his friends didnt eat up all the food they ordered,_ they took the rest away.Afor Bor Cso Das解析：前半句是说他们没有吃完他们点的菜，后半句是说他们把剩下的带走了。前半句是原因，后半句是结果，而so表示因果关系。故选C。答案：C,45Sorry,we dont have the coat _ you need.Awhat Bwho Cw
43、hom Dwhich解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是物，引导词用which或that，故选D。答案：D,46(2012南昌)_the girl is only nine,she takes care of her brothers and cooks meals every day.AIf BBecause CAlthough DAs解析：if“如果”；because“因为”；although“尽管”；as“由于”。由“.she takes care of her brothers and cooks meals every day.”可知应用although引导让步状语从句。答案：C,4
44、7The policeman asked me _ at this time yesterday.Awhat was I doing Bwhat did I do Cwhat I was doing Dwhat I do解析：考查what引导的宾语从句。由this time yesterday知是过去某一时间正在发生的动作，所以用过去进行时，又因为宾语从句用陈述语序，故选C。答案：C,48Its snowing outside!Put on more clothes,_ you may catch a cold.Aand Bbut Cor Dthough解析：and和or都可与祈使句连用，其结
45、构为“祈使句and/or简单句”。其中and表顺承关系，or表转折关系，由句意知选C项。答案：C,49(2012潍坊)Tigers wait _ it is dark,then go out to find their food.Asince Buntil Cas Dbecause解析：since和as引导非延续性的时间状语；because引导原因状语从句；until引导延续性的时间状语。wait是延续动词，故选B。答案：B,50(2012南宁)Mike was ill yesterday,_ he didnt go to school.Aif Bbut Cso Dor解析：if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句；but表示转折关系；so表示因果关系；or表示选择关系。“迈克昨天生病了”与“他没有去上学”之间存在因果关系，故选C。答案：C,
