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1、高手讲堂八年级英语课件主讲人：高攀峰,Grammar 1:Simple Present Tense III,*一般现在时态的否定和疑问形式否定和疑问形式都要借助do/does.I like my picture.-I dont like my picture.-Do you like your picture?-What do you like?,She likes purple.-She doesnt like purple.-Does she like purple?-What does she like?,Grammar2:The Present Perfect Tense.,1.构成:
2、助动词have/has+动词的过去 分词,即:have/has done,现在以动词 work为例子将现在完成时态的肯定 形式,否定形式和疑问形式及简略答 语讲解一下.,*肯定形式:I/You have worked.He/She/It has worked.We/You/They have worked.,*否定形式:I/You have not worked.He/She/It has not worked.We/You/They have not worked.,*疑问形式及简略答语:Have I/you worked?Yes,you/I have.No,you/I have not.H
3、as he/she/it worked?Yes,he/she/it has.No,he/she/it has not.Have we/you/they worked?Yes,you/we/they have.No,you/we/they have not.,2.基本用法:A:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果.I have just washed my clothes.*洗衣服是过去发生的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服洗干净了”.,B:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括“现在”在内的一段时间状语连用.We have learned
4、English for two years.,3.现在完成时常和already,yet,sometime,always,never,ever,before,just等词连用,也可以和包括现在在内的this morning,today,this week,this year等时间状语连用.I have written 3 English e-mails today.今天我已经写了三封英文电子邮件了.I have painted six new pictures this week.这周我已经画了六幅新画.I have seen you before.我以前见过你.,4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区
5、别:现在完成时态表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last year,two days ago,just now,in 2000等.而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,要和表示过去的时间状语连用.试比较:,I have read the book.我已经读过这本书.I read the book last year.我去年读了这本书(只说明去年读了这本书,不涉及现在的情况.)He has worked here since 1998.1998年以来他一直在这里工作.(他现在还在这里工作
6、)He worked here in 1998.1998年他在这里工作.(不涉及现在他是否在这里工作),She has been a teacher for twenty years.她当老师20年了.(她现在还是老师)She was a teacher for twenty years.她当了20年老师.(不涉及现在是不是老师),5.动词过去分词的构成:*规则变化:和过去式变化规则相同 A:动词原形+ed:played,wanted,worked B:以不发音的e结尾的词加d:loved,liked,used C:以辅音字母+y结尾的词,先变y加为i,再加ed:studystudied,tr
7、ytried,worry-worriedD:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先 双写这个辅音字母，再加ed:stopped,planned,dropped,*不规则变化：需掌握规律,逐一熟记.:词形不变:cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,let-let-let B:过去式和过去分词相同:dig-dug-dug,feel-felt-felt C:过去式加n/en构成过去分词:speak-spoke-spoken,break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen,D:动词原形中间元音字母i改a变为过去 式,i改u变为过去分词:begin-began-b
8、egun,drink-drank-drunkE:从原形变为过去分词:come-came-come,do-did-done,go-went-gone,Grammar3:Tag Questions,反意疑问句:概念:反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实.构成:反意疑问句由两部分构成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短提问.如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分就用否定形式，如果前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式.两部分的人称和时态要一致.,3.语调:反意疑问句陈述部分用降调,提问者对陈述部分把握大时,后一部分用降调,把握不大时,用升调.,4.例句:-The weathe
9、r here in summer is very hot,isnt it?-Yes,it is.-You like swimming,dont you?-No,I dont.-He hasnt come back,has he?-No,he hasnt.,5.注意:*前一部分主语是名词,后一部分则相应的变为代词:Li Ming is a boy,isnt he?*前一部分谓语动词是实义动词,则后一部分要相应使用助动词.Tom likes English,does he?,*对反意疑问句的回答,不管怎么提问,如果事实是肯定的，就用yes,事实 是否定的就用no,这和汉语不同，要特别注意.*前一部
10、分是祈使句,后一部分则用 will you?/wont you?,Grammar4:The Possessive Case of Nouns,1.单数名词:加s 读音:清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后 读/z/例如:Mikes dog,Johns bike2.以s为结尾的复数名词:加 读音:读音不变 例如:Teachers Day,the students reading room,3.不以s结尾的复数名词:加s 读音:清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音后和元 音后读/z/例如:Womens Day the Childrens Palace mens room,注意事项:A:如果是两个人共有的东西,则在
11、后一个名词后加s,如果不是两个人共有的东西,则在两个名词之后都加s:Lucy and Lilys roomLucys and Lilys roomsB:表示住家，店铺时,名词所有格后面一般省略掉它所修饰的名词:at my uncles=at my uncles home at the barbers=at the barbers shop,C:有表示时间,距离,国家等的名词,也可以加s表示所有格:todays evening paper今天的晚报 five minutes walk 步行五分钟的路程 Chinas agriculture中国的农业,Grammar5:positive sente
12、nces 肯定句negative sentences 否定句interrogative sentences 疑问句,*陈述句用来叙述一项事实,分为肯定句和否定句.,*肯定/否定句I am a student in junior school.I am not a student in junior school.谓语如果是be变成否定要直接在其后面加not.I work in a middle school here.I dont work in a middle school.谓语如果是实意动词,要加dont/doesnt/didnt He doesnt like English.(三单形式
13、),*疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句*一般疑问句一般由be/do/does/did提问Are you an English teacher?Do you like English?Does she play basketball?疑问语序,特殊疑问句一般由why,when,where,how等特殊疑问词来引导Why do you like English?Where does she live?When will you begin?疑问语序,Grammar 6.:V-ing,*v-ing 构成1.一般直接加ing:work-working2.以不发音的e为结尾的去掉e加ing:skate-
14、skating3.以重读闭音节为结尾的,双写最后一个字母再加ing:shop-shopping swim-swimming,*v-ing 用法1.与be构成进行时态,做谓语.The children are flying kites in the park.It was raining all day yesterday.,2.与其他动词构成短语,在句子中做主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语等Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.(主语)I like playing football very much.(宾语)His hobby is colle
15、cting stamps.(表语)China is a developing country.(定语)I saw them walking across the street.(宾语补足语),Grammar 7:Personal Pronouns,用法:主格人称代词在句子中做主语.I/We/You/They like playing football.This is a new book.It is very useful to students.2.宾格人称代词在句子中做动词宾语或介词宾语.My mother gave me a present yesterday.It is very im
16、portant for us to learn English well.,Grammar 8:Possessive Pronouns,用法:形容词性的物主代词的用法相当于形容词,在句子中只做定语.I love my parents.Her books are in the bag.2.名词性物主代词相当于名词,它后面不能跟名词,它在句子中做主语,宾语,表语.His handwriting is good.Hers is better.My bike is broken.May I borrow yours?,Grammar9:Reflexive Pronouns,1.概念:表示一个动作返回到
17、该动作执行者本身或强调某人或某物“本人,本身”的代词叫作反身代词.,2.反身代词形式,3.用法:*在句中做动词或介词的宾语Please help yourself to some tea,The girl is too young to look after herself.He never thought of himself.They teach themselves English.,*在句中做名词或代词的同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,做“亲自,本人”解,可以放在名词,代词之后,也可以放在句尾.You yourself said so.The desk itself is not h
18、eavy.We did it ourselves.=We ourselves did it.,*做表语Tom is not quite himself today.Tom 今天感到不适/舒服.,Grammar10:Past Participles 过去分词就一种形式:done,过去分词两个特点:*在语态方面:表达被动 The window was broken.*在时间方面:表示动作已经完成 Boiled water can be drunk.,2.过去分词在句子可以充当多种成分:*做定语 This is a diary written by Tom.*做表语 The cup is broken.,Good bye,更多资源请于百度一下“abc高攀峰”,
