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1、每日一句,This moment nap,you will have a dream.But this moment study,you will interpret a dream.此刻打盹，你将做梦；而此刻学习，你将圆梦。第88届奥斯卡金像奖颁奖典礼完美落幕，小李子不负众望终归捧得小金人。从曾经因为泰坦尼克而轰动全球的他，到如今在荒野猎人中生吞野牛肝脏，在冰河里泡上无数个小时的他，背后有无数的付出与辛酸。所以，每一个梦想的结果终将对得起你的努力，该是你的终会来到！加油吧！,歌曲欣赏ET是美国流行女歌手Katy Perry收录于Teenage Dream的单曲。发行后不负众望在Billboa
2、rd Hot 100中登顶，在年榜中排名第4。美国：五白金新西兰：黄金第28届MTV音乐录影带大奖,非谓语动词用法精讲,5,什么是非谓 语动词啊？,“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!,那不是谓语是什么呢？,。,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.,7,过去分词 v-ed,不定式 to+v,动词的v-ing,非谓语
3、动词,非谓语动词,不定式infinitive,动名词gerund,分词participle,可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.,一、不定式,不定式的构成是指不定式符号to 加上动词原形，表示具体的意义，指一次性行为、动作。不定式短语是指不定式和它的宾语或状语构成的词组。,不定式各种形式的时间含义：一般式表示动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后；完成式在谓语之前；进行式强调在谓语动词的同时；被动式是指主语是被动关系，表示被动的动作。,1.不定式作主语,To lose your heart means failure.,如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在
4、不定式前加一个由for 引起的短语。It is easy for the students to read.It will be a mistake for us to help you.,在It is+形容词+of sb+不定式结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,silly,good,unwise,clever,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,impolite,bold,thoughtful,honest,bad,sensible,naughty等。在“It is+形容词+for sb+不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质
5、，如important,possible,impossible,necessary,difficult,hard,reasonable等。,比较 It is good of you to help me with my English.你真好，帮助我学英语。(强调you的特征=You are good to help me.)It is good for you to give up smoking.戒烟对你有好处。(强调的是give up smoking这一行为=For you to give up smoking is good.),2.不定式作宾语,有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语:affo
6、rd,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,want,fail,plan,agree,forget,like,prefer,decide,manage,arrange,desire,try,determine、,一般情况下不定式都要to，help可要可不要；不定式有它自己的补语，要用it 作形式宾语。They are considering what to do next.,3.不定式作表语,What she wants to do most now is(to)travel abroad.,He is to marry Rose.,表按计划要
7、做的事情.,不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。,4.不定式作定语,在“某人是第位做某事的人”固定结构中，不定式与被修饰的词间是主谓关系，表示动作已完成。Edison was the first man to invent electric light.He was the first man to arrive and the last to leave.,2 动宾关系On Sundays,he always has a lot of letters to write.星期天，他总是有许多信要写。He can find
8、 no one to make friends with.他找不到可交朋友的人。,3 同位关系某些抽象名词后面用不定式说明某种情况，陈述某种事实，如：chance机会、opportunity机会、way方式/方法、time时间、right权利、need必要、moment片刻等。We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.He has no chance to explain it to you.,4 修饰关系Now it is time to begin our class.现在是上课的时间了。,注意：、不定式作定语要考
9、虑与主语的关系，主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动式；反之用被动式。He has many things to do.He wants his bike to be repaired right now.,、there be句型中用主动表示说话人的行为，被动表示说话人要别人做某事。There must be something to fear.,to be feared.,5.不定式作宾语补足语,A.感官动词：see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、look at、feel.这时不定式不带to，并表示动作已经完成。Eg.We often hear h
10、er sing the song at home.I saw a child fall down from the tree.,B.致使、允许类动词：let、make、get、have、help、want、wish、allow、permit、forbid、advise、force、consider、expect、tellEg.I could not make them understand me.You cant allow him to do that.My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A.
11、for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take,C.think、consider、suppose、feel、believe、imagine、prove、find等动词的宾语后面可带to be结构，也可省略to be。Eg.We think/consider him(to be)a wise leader.,D.call on、ask for、wait for、depend on、prepare for等成语动词后面带to的不定式作宾补。Eg.We are waiting for the rain to stop.,6、不定式作状语
12、,不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。A.表示目的Im saving up to buy a computer.我在存钱买电脑。点津坊有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order to do,和so as to do结构(so as to do不可以置于句首)，否定的只能用in order not to do,和so as not to do。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.为了引起注意，他又嚷嚷又挥手。I ll write down his telephone number so as not to forget
13、 it.我要把他的电话号码记下来，以防忘记。,B.表示结果 多用于固定句型搭配中，也可以表示出乎意料，意想不到的结果。He got to the station only to find the train had gone.他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。必背：不定式表示结果常见于下列句型 1)so.as to do（如此而能够）Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?把你的自行车借给我好吗？2)such.as to do（如此而能够）We are not such fools as to believe him.我们还没蠢到会相信他的
14、地步,3)enough to do（足够地而能够）He didnt run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快，没赶上火车。4)only to do（表示与原来的目的或愿望相反的结果）He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸自己的脚。,5)too.to do（太而不能够）His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.他的视力太差了，看不清这么小的字。注：too之前如果有only,not,never,all,but,此时不定式不再
15、表否定意，而表肯定意，only too 表“非常”、“很”意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit.他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy,glad，kind,anxious,easy,delighted,eager,pleased,ready,surprised,willing之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street,C.表示原因,You were silly not _ your car.to lock B.t
16、o have locked C.locking D.having locked,常放在动词后面或用于表示心理感觉的形容词、过去分词后面，不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.,动词不定式与主语是主谓关系，动词不定式的动词可带宾语；如果不定式与主语是动宾关系，不可带宾语。I was very pleased to see you yesterday.Relativity theory isnt easy to understand.,I am very glad to see you 我见到你
17、很高兴We are sorry to leave.He is sure to come.Volleyball is very interesting to watch.打排球看起来很有意思This problem is difficult to solve.这个问题难解决Shes very nice to talk to 和她谈话是愉快的,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。,Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等
18、）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,8、动词不定式的各种结构,1）否定结构：not+to do（表示较强的否定意义时用never+to do）I promised not to wake him up.You must promise never to do that again.,2）连接词+to do：具有名词性质，相当于一个名词性从句，可作主宾表成分。连接代词：who,whom,which,what。连接副词：when,how,where,whether等，但不可用why,if,whose。,S.What to
19、do next has not been decided.O.She has forgotten whom to ask.I asked him where to get this book.He had no idea of how to do it.P.The question is which to buy.,4）of+N./Pron.+to do 结构,某些表示性格特征以及心理状态和行为的形容词要用此结构，并常用it 作形式主语，如：kind,nice,clever,silly,foolish,wise,rude,cruel,careful,careless,wrong,polite,
20、impolite,honest等。,Its wise of you not to go there.Its wrong of him to laugh at the disable people.,To tell you the truth,I dont care for your plan.He is not a bad man,to be sure.固然，他不是个坏人。They are,so to speak,grown up boys.可以这么说，他们是大孩子了。To be frank,you are right.坦率地说,你是对的。He is very honest,to begin
21、with.首先，他很诚实。,二、动名词,A.动名词的构成：V.+ing.兼有名词和动词的特征，即可起名词作用，也具有动词的时态和语态的变化，在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语成分:,动名词的句法功能,1.动名词作主语 表示经常性、习惯性和抽象的动作，可以用it 作形式主语，但常用于固定结构。动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。It
22、s a waste of time arguing about it.争论这事是浪费时间。,动名词作主语：如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance.正在北京召开的会议非常重要。(the meeting和举行之间的关系是被动的，所以用being held),a.Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun.b.Its no use/good/a waste of time=There is no use/It
23、s no use talking about it.Its no good talking to him.c.There is no V.ing.=It is impossible to doThere is no saying when it will stop raining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。There is no joking about such matters.d.It is useless telephoning him.e.He is not willing to come.f.Its worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。,2.动名词作表语
24、 a.表示抽象的动作或行为，说明主语的内容不用副词修饰，其动作不是主语发出的，可以和主语的位置相互换。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。b.表示主语具有的特征The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。,The nurses job is looking after the patients.The main thing is getting there in time.Cf.The nurse is looking after the patie
25、nts.,3.动名词作宾语,动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。A、作动词宾语 能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。1)只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了！I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。,下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,cant help
26、,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,permit。Do you mind my opening the windows?,下列动词短语接动名词：leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,be/get used to,pay attention to,be fond of,be worth。Eg.I am
27、 used to watching TV in the evening.,必背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 mis
28、s 逃过 imagine 设想 cannot help 情不自禁,只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词口诀：建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。,3)有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。come to do表示一个渐渐发展的过程 I hope we shall be friends and come to understand one another.我希望我们会成为朋友并互相了解come doing表示陪衬性的动作It was already two oclock when sh
29、e came hurrying in.她急急忙忙跑进来时已经两点了。,go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事Having finished the exercises,we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。go on doing继续做同一件事。Though it was raining heavily,they went on working.尽管天下着大雨，他们仍然继续工作。mean to do想要做某事I didnt mean to hurt you.我并不想要伤害你。
30、mean doing意味着要有一个结果Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。,regret to do对即将要做的事表示遗憾I regret to say I must leave tomorrow.很遗憾，我明天必须离开了。regret doing对所做的事感到后悔I regret not having told her earlier.没能更早地告诉她，我很后悔。remember to do 讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”Remember to lock the door when you lea
31、ve.remember doing 讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”I remember posting that letter.我记得寄了那封信。,forget to do忘记要做某事She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service.她几乎忘记给行李搬运工付小费。forget doing忘记以前曾做过的事Ill never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time.我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面的情景。stop to do停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事Whi
32、le working,he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的时候，他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。stop doing停止正在做的事When the teacher came into the classroom,the pupils stopped talking.教师走进教室的时候，小学生们停止了说话。,try to do设法做某事I must try to get everything ready before he arrives.在他到来之前，我必须尽力把一切都准备好。try doing试验做某事Would you please try doing
33、that again?请你再试一次好吗？,B、作介词宾语动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关，可表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。也可放在以to结尾的短语动词后：look forward to,object to,pay attention to,stick to,be used to,belong to,object to，devote oneself/ones time/energy to，get down to(着手干)，lead to(通向，导致)，see to,refer to,turn to等,而动词不定式只在少数介词but,except,besides,连词than后用。,
34、Thank you for giving us so much help.He is used to writing with his left hand.He left without saying anything.,注意：in,on,after+动名词的时间概念,in+V.ing 在时，与同时，在的过程中He felt to be sorry in doing that.You did wrong in agreeing to the plan.,on+V.ing 在时，与后，一就On arriving at the station,he found that the train had
35、 gone.They cried with joy on hearing the news.,after+V.ing 在之后，经过After finishing the experiment,they began another one.He studied even harder than before after hearing the talk.,4、动名词作定语 常放在修饰词的前面（不定式在后），表示所修饰的人或物的性能或用途，在逻辑上与修饰词不存在主谓关系；在读音方面动名词要重读，被修饰词不重读。如reading materials=the materials which is us
36、ed for reading,a reading room=a room which is used for reading running shoes=shoes for running a working method=a method of working,必背a drawing board 画板 a dining car 餐车 a sewing machine 缝纫机 a swimming pool游泳池 a waiting room候车室 a driving permit 驾驶许可证 a singing competition歌咏比赛 a walking stick手杖,The ca
37、rrying pole reminds me of my bitter days in the past.I would not like to take sleeping pills.,动名词的各种结构,1、否定结构其结构是not+动名词（短语），也可以用no+动名词构成She regrets not having studied the computer hard.There is no use buying books but not reading them.,2、动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构有两种形式：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词，可做主宾表成分，其中代词或名词是动名词
38、动作的逻辑主语，相当于主宾表从句；代词宾格/名词通格+动名词，这种结构不可用在句首，但结构中的名词表示无生命的事物或是较长的名词词组时，不管在句中什么位置，都可用名词通格+动名词结构形式。,A.作主语 His going there wont help much.His fathers getting home late will worry his family.=That his father gets home late will worry his family.,C.Its no use/good后面常用形容词物主代词或名词通格作逻辑主语 Its no use your tellin
39、g me not to worry.Its no use the man wanting you to sell the stolen car.那人想要你去卖掉偷来的汽车，这是徒劳无益的。,D.动名词结构位于句首时，一般只用物主代词或名词所有格，不用人称代词宾格或名词通格。Marys grumbling annoyed her husband 玛丽的牢骚使她丈夫很生气。Your being right does not necessarily mean my being wrong.你正确未必意味着我错。,E.当逻辑主语是无生命名词或较长的名词词组时，一般只用名词通格，不用所有格。We are
40、 opposed to the idea of money being everything.我们反对金钱万能的想法。Did you ever hear of a man of good sense of duty refusing such an offer?你听说过责任心很强的人会拒绝这种提议吗？,F.在deny,postpone,defer,delay等动词后，这时逻辑主语一般只用物主代词或名词所有格，不用人称代词宾格和名词通格。,三、分词,（一）现在分词与过去分词的区别1、它们可充当相同的成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.2、在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动 an in
41、teresting book,an interested reader3、在时间关系上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词指动作已完成 developing countries,developed countries4、在助动词搭配上，现在分词与be构成进行时态，过去分词与have构成完成时态，与be构成被动语态。5、现在分词与过去分词的被动式在作定语，状语，宾语补足语时有区别。,2）过去分词作定语,表示被动完成的动作，与被修饰词形成被动关系，表示动作在位于动词前已经完成或没有具体的时间；单个的过去分词或一个副词加过去分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语则在其后；而某些动词意味较强的单个
42、过去分词也放在名词之后，起强调作用。,A lost opportunity never returns.机不可失，时不在来。Its one of the problems solved at the meeting.=Its one of the problems that have been solved at the meeting.Money spent is more than money earned.入不敷出。,3）过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况，与句子主语是被动关系，逻辑主语 就是句子的主语，常可表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。,（1）作原因状语Tired by the trip,he soon felt asleep.Lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.（2）作时间状语Seen from the hill,the city looks like a garden.When asked to make a speech,she said she would be glad to do so.,
