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1、非谓语动词,马新林,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,非谓语动词：也就是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。,动词不定式,V_ing,过去分词,动词原形,包括,一.动词不定式,2、动词不定式的常见用法,A、不定式作 主语,当不定式作主语时，习惯上用作it形式主语，而将动词不定式后置，构成固定句型。Its+adj+to do sth.,（1）To learn English well is not easy.（2）To protect our environment is very important,（1）Its not easy to learn English well.（2）Its impo
2、rtant to protect our environment.,动词不定式,作宾语,动词+to do,动词+疑问词+to do,动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+to do,常见动词有 agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan,would like,need 等,I dont know what to do.,I find it important to learn English.,返回主页,语法：动词不定式在句子中的作用,作主语：,e.g.To say is one thing;to do is another.,Its important to do i
3、t right away.,作表语：,e.g.What you should is to leave here at once.,The problem is how to do it.,作宾语：,e.g.I want to buy something for him.,I dont know what to do next.,作宾语补足语：,e.g.He asked me to wait for him for a while.,My father lets me go out alone at night.,不带to的不定式作宾补！,作定语（位于名词或代词之后）：,e.g.Do you h
4、ave anything to say?,Have you got the permission to use the computer?,作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：,e.g.We eat to live;we dont live to eat.,目的,e.g.We went to see him only to find him out.,结果状语,e.g.We are glad to see you.,原因状语,在tooto do;adj./adv.+enough to do结构中作结果状语；在in order to;so as to 结构中作目的状语；在be+adj.+to do 中
5、作原因或方式状语。,e.g.He is old enough to go to school.,He got up early so as to catch the bus.,Im sorry to hear that.,C、不定式作宾语补足语,常见动词：,请、叫ask,告诉tell,想要want,邀请invite,允许allow,喜欢like,警告warn,鼓励encourage,教teach,想要would like,（1）My mother always likes me to get up early.（2）Lucy often teaches me to learn English.
6、,One day my mother allowed me to go to the park,but she warned me not to come back late.My father liked me to go with Lucy,because he wanted me to learn English from Lucy.I invited her to go with me.Lucy taught me to study English and encouraged me to speak more English.Sometimes she asked me to tea
7、ch her Chinese.I would like her to stay with me very much,so I told her to wait for me outside the school gate every Saturday.,D、不定式作定语,熟记下列短语,something to eat,something to drink,anything else to say,much work to do,something nice to eat,1.I have a lot of homework to do.,2.Do you have anything to sa
8、y?,lots of housework to do,3.My father has something important to tell me.,4.Would you like something to drink?,E、不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，作宾语,1.I dont know where to go.2.He didnt know what to do.3.Can you tell me how to get there?4.I cant decide which to choose.,“疑问词+不定式”结构可以转换为从句形式,（1）I dont know where I
9、 will go.（2）He didnt know what he would do.（3）Can you tell me how I can get there.（4）I cant decide which I will choose.,F、常见固定搭配,1.too to do(1)The desk is too heavy to carry.(2)The boy is too young to go to school.,2.be+adj+enough to do(1)The girl is old enough to go to school.(2)The ice is thick en
10、ough to skate on.(3)The room is big enough for 10 people to live in.,3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth.(1)Its time to have a rest.(2)Its time for us to play football.,4.It takes sb some time to do sth.It takes me three days to finish the job.,5.be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形
11、容词后）+to do sth.(1)Im sorry to trouble you.(2)Im afraid to face my mother.,4、词组搭配中ing的形式,家常做法home cooking,候诊室waiting room,起居室sitting room,切割机cutting machine,起跑线starting line,终点线finishing line,购物单shopping list,购物中心shopping centre,购物篮shopping basket,阅览室reading room,只有立足之地standing room only,禁止吸烟No smoki
12、ng,禁止停车No parking,游泳课swimming lesson,餐厅dining room,植树节Tree Planting Day,毛笔writing brush,go swimming（hiking,fishing,skating,shopping）,潜水scuba diving,do some（cooking,reading,washing,cleaning,shopping）,三、动词原形,1、使役动词：let.make.have,2.常见句型：,（1）Why not+动词原形（2）Why dont you+动词原形（3）Youd better+动词原形（4）Youd bet
13、ter not+动词原形（5)Will you please+动词原形（6）Will you please not+动词原形,1.Lets begin our class.2.Dont make the baby cry.3.He always have me do much housework.,四、过去分词,1.have sth done 让别人做某事，表示动作由别人来完成（1）I will have my hair cut.（2）I had my bad tooth pulled out.,2、常见短语：A boy called Jim a man named John get lost
14、 get dressedgiven name man-made satellite a worried mother a broken glass,五、感观动词,2.感观动词,+ing形式,+动词原形,表示动作正在进行,表示动作的全过程,1.常见感观动词:see,watch,hear,feel,found,taste,（1)He saw a purse lying on the ground on her way home.（2）I saw him go into the classroom just now.,六、下列动词既可接不定式又可接ing形式，但意义有区别。,1.stop,to do
15、 sth 表示停止原来的事开始干另一件事,doing 表示停止正在做的事,3.forget remember,to do sth,doing sth,2.go on,to do sth,doing sth,（1）The baby is sleeping,please dont stop singing.（2）After a long walk,he stopped to have a rest.,（1）He went on working all day.（2）After he finished his homework,he went on to review his lessons.,（1
16、）Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave the office.（2）I remembered meeting the teacher before,he worked in the lab.,不带to的不定式,feel，hear，see,watch,listen to,look at,observe,notice*I sawwatched him drive off*I heard him lock the door(but:He was seen to enter the office),b.make,let,have(let ha
17、s no passive voice),c.had better,would rather than do anything/nothing but/except,*He does nothing but complain*My dog does everything but speak,动词不定式易考点：,1.They are said to_(在建）a bridge.,A.build B.built C.have built D.be building.,D,2.She seemed to _ me before.,A.be meeting B.have met C.have been m
18、eeting,B,动词不定式有时态的变化！常有进行时（不定式动作在持续）、完成时（在谓语动作之前完成）、完成进行时（在谓语动作之前已经开始并一直持续的动作）。,3.She doesnt like to _(被表扬）in public.,A.praise B.be praising C.be praised,C,4.The coat is too large to _.,A.wear B.be worn C.be wearing,A,动词不定式有被动语态（即逻辑主语是不定式 动作的承受者时使用），但在以下四种情况中不定式主动表被动！,在too(enough)to 结构中,在there be 结构
19、中：,e.g.There is a lot of work _.,to do,too+adj./adv.+to do,*You are too young to understand*He was too drunk to drive home.*The case was too heavy（for her）to carry.,+adj+enough+to do sth.*you are old enough to support yourself.*The ice was thick enough to walk on.,在形容词 easy,difficult,hard,good,heavy
20、等词后作状语时。,e.g.The novel is easy to read.,The bag is heavy to carry at that time.,虽然不定式与修饰词之间有逻辑动宾关系，但如与另外一个名词或代词具备逻辑主谓关系，不定式亦用主动表被动意义。,e.g.Please give the children some books to read.,I have nothing to say.,动宾关系,主谓,三：动词不定式的省略问题：为了避免重复前面已经出现的动词，可以省去不定式中的动词及其宾语。,e.g.Would you like to see our baby?-I d
21、love to(see your baby).,省略！,I want to mend your radio,but I dont know _(如何修）？,how to,The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street,but his father told him_.,A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,A,四：不定式作定语需要加介词的情况：,1.与它修饰的词有动宾关系，而该不定式中的动词又是不及物动词时，其后需加 适当的介词以带逻辑宾语：,e.g.She is a very nice pers
22、on to work with.,There is nothing to _(担心）.,worry about,2.与修饰的词有动宾 关系的不定式，虽动词是及物动词但已带有自己的宾语，其后需加适当的介词，以将不定式短语与其修饰的词连接起来。,e.g.Here is a box to put things in.,动宾,介宾,=put things in a box.,Jack is the very person to_(讨论这个问题）。,discuss the matter with,3.动词不定式修饰表地点的词如room,house,school等时，不定式需加适当的介词。,e.g.He
23、is looking for a hotel to stay at.,I have a small room _(居住).,to live in,注意：不定式所修饰的词表不定式动作发生的时间、方式时，常不加介词！,e.g.Its time to get up.,That will be the best way to solve the problem.,Practice:,1.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,Not eating B.to eat not C.not to eat D.eating not,C,2
24、.The little time we have together we try _ wisely.,A.spending B.to spend it C.to spend D.spending that,B,3.When I handed the report to John,he said George was the person _.,A.to send B.for sending C.to send it to D.for sending it to,C,4.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.,A.to be c
25、hosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing,B,动名词,作宾语,动词+doing,常见动词有 miss,finish,mind,keep,practice,enjoy,feel like 等。,动词+to do/doing,a.意义区分不大：begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,等。,b.意义不同：remember,forget,stop,try,mean,need,等。,decide,plan,would like,hope,wish,promise,agree etc.,enjoy,finish,keep
26、,feel like,avoid,miss etc.,remember,forget,regret,hate,like,stop etc.,1.只能接不定式作宾语的动词,2.只能接动名词作宾语的动词：,3.可接不定式和动名词作宾语的动词:,含义有所不同的:,Remember to post the letters.记得去寄信（还没寄）I remember posting the letters.我记得把信寄了。（已寄）,I forgot to ask him about it.我忘了问他这事（还没问）I shall never forget seeing the ALPS for the fi
27、rst time.我永远也忘不了第一次看到阿尔卑斯山的感受。（已经做了）,Stop talking please!请不要讲话。（停止正在做的事情）He stops to read the novel.他停下来看小说去了。（停止正在做的 事情去做另一件事情）,含义不变的：,It has started/begun to rain.开始下雨了=It has started/begun raining.They continue to meet daily.=They continue meeting daily.他们继续每天都见面。,二、v-ing,1、常见跟ing的动词,2、词组搭配中的ing形
28、式,3、词组搭配中受介词影响需用v-ing,喜欢enjoy,完成finish,介意mind,保持keep,练习practise,（1）be worth doing（2）be busy doing（3）feel like doing（4）keep sb doing,1）keep on doing 10)spend（in）doing 2）be good at doing 11)what(how)about doing 3）do well in doing 12)Its another way of doing 4）stopfrom doing 13)instead of doing 5）thank
29、sfor doing 14)be afraid of doing 6)without doing 15)get ready for doing helpwith doing 16)prefer doingto doing be used for doingbe interested in doing 18)try out doing,分词 1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,1、,EXERCISES,2、句型转换 They stopped.They had a rest.They a rest.
30、We can not decide what we shall do.We can not decide.Hed like to go swimming after class.He going swimming after class.,stopped,to,have,what,to,do,feels,like,I find its interesting to learn English.I find learn English.He had an exam,but he didnt pass.He pass the exam.Remember to send the letter.send the letter.,it,interesting,to,failed,to,to,Dont,forget,
