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1、,动词不定式,动名词,分词,。,一.不定式,构成：to+动词原形,在句中作用：除谓语动词外的任何成分,Its useful to learn English well=To learn English well is useful.,句型 it+be+adj+of/for sb+to do sth.It is important for us to protect the environment.,不定式作主语,不定式作主语，常用it替代，而将真正主语放在末尾,注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等修饰人品质的时候介词用of,It is kind of you to help m
2、e.,一些谓语动词后只能跟不定式，这类词表命令，打算或者希望的如：would like,like,want,wish,hope,plan,expect.,Would you like to see a film this evening?,不定式作宾语,在find，think后跟不定式作宾语，常用it替代，而将真正宾语放于句末。,I find it easy to learn English everyday.,常见的不带to的不定式,Why not do,why dont you do,had better(not)doWould rather do,could/would/will you
3、(not)do,注意：一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时要省略to.这些动词有：一感（feel)、二听（hear,listen to)、三让（let,make,have)、四看（look at,watch,see,notice)。但变为被动语态时要加上to.,常跟不定式作宾语补足语的有ask,want,help,wish,teach,encourage,invite,warn,allow等。eg:My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.,不定式作宾语补足语（与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系)eg:Lucy asked him to turn d
4、own the radio.,不定式作宾语补足语,eg:The teacher was saw to enter the office,作定语(与宾语有逻辑上动宾关系）：eg:There is nothing to worry about.,作状语（目的，结果，原因）：eg:He opened the door for her to come in.,作表语（常在be动词后，可与主语互换）：eg:His task is to learn hard=To learn hard is his task.,不定式作其他成分,疑问词+不定式（作主语或者宾语（可转化为宾语从句）eg:can you te
5、ll me when to leave?=can you tell me when you will leave?,不定式的常见考点,Granny often tells us water in our daily lifeA.save B.saving C.to save D.saves,It seems that it is going to rain.Youd better an umbrella.A.take B.not take C.to take D.not to take,Excuse me,Would you tell a map?where buy B.where to bu
6、y C.where can I buy D.how I can buy,动词后跟不定式还是动名词的搭配（放在易混点讲）,二.动名词,构成：动词原形+ing,用法：作主语、宾语、表语、定语,主语,宾语,表语,定语,eg:Eating much is bad for your health.,动词宾语：eg：I like playing basketball very much.介词宾语：eg:The notebook is used for writing down notes.,eg:His hobby is swimming.=swimming is his hobby.,eg:she is
7、 in the reading room.,两动词连用只能接动名词的词,完成实践值得忙;继续习惯别放弃;考虑建议不禁想;喜欢思念要介意.,finish,practice,be worth,be busy keep on,be used to,give upconsider,suggest,cant help,feel likeenjoy,miss,mind,三.分词,构成：现在分词:动词+ing 过去分词：动词+ed,用法：表语、定语、状语、补足语,表语,定语,状语,补足语,现分eg:The story is interesting.过分eg:I am bored with the thing
8、.,现分eg:Do you know the girl standing under the tree?过分eg:Please hand your written exercise.,现分eg:They went out of classroom,talking and laughing.过分eg:Seen from the hill,the school is beautiful.,现分eg:I heard him singing when I came in classroom.eg:He allows going out.sb allow doing 某人被容许做过分eg:I want
9、to have my bike repaired.(have/make/get/+名词（代词）+过去分词）,易混点,动词后接动名词和不定式的区别,现在分词和不定式作宾语补主语的区别,现在分词和过去分词的区别,含有介词to的固定短语,动后接动名词和不定式的区别,stop to do sth 停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事,try to do sth 尽力做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事,forget to do sth 忘记做某事（未做）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事,remember to do sth 记得要做某事（未做)remember
10、doing sth记得做过某事,mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事,need to do sth需要做某事(主动含义need doing sth 需要去做某事（被动含义）,go on to do sth接着做某事（另一件）go on doing 接着做某事,现在分词和不定式作宾语补主语的区别,eg:I heard him singing in the classroom.(唱的动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.(唱的动作已结束),常见动词有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have
11、等。它们现在分词作宾补表动作正在进行；接不带to的动词作宾语表已经完成了的或者经常性的动作,现在分词和过去分词的区别,1.语态上，现分表主动意义，过分表被动意义,the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人a moving story 一个感人的故事the moved people 被感动的人们,2.时态上，现分表正在进行的动作，过分表已经完成的动作,the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家the rising sun 正在升起的太阳the risen sun 升起来的太
12、阳,含有介词to的固定短语,make(a)contribution to devote tolook forward toprefer tobe/get used topay attention to,为作贡献致力于期盼，盼望喜欢 胜过习惯，适应关注于,含有介词或者省略的固定句型,have fun(in)doing sthhave trouble/difficulty in doing sthspend time(in)doing sthbe worth doingcant help doingKeep/prevent/stop sb/sth from doing sth,做有趣做有困难花费多少时间做值得禁不住防止某人/某物被,经典试题,1.,see you!,
