《动词不定式的时态和语态的变化.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词不定式的时态和语态的变化.ppt（23页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、动词不定式的时态和语态的变化：,1.不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定是在to 前面加 not，（有时也用 never 表示强调）e.g.She decided not to be late again.He promised never to make such a stupid mistake.I regretted not to have started earlier.,2.不定式在句中的作用动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成份。作主语 To live is to work.To save time is to lengthen
2、 life.,不定式作主语时，表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。有时为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式主语。,例_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk例In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.this B.thatC.there D.it,例It is not unusual for workers in that r
3、egion _.A.to be paid more than a month later B.to be paid later than more a month C.to pay later than a month more D.to pay later more than a month,B.作表语His job is to teach English,不定式作表语：例The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not makin
4、g D.do not make 例The two presidents agree with each other on the whole,but much remains _ at the following meeting.A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.to be discussed,C.作宾语 I learn to speak Japanese.They decided to begin the experiment at once.I wish to be a college student.,不定式作宾语，通常用于want,hope
5、,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。,例We agree _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met例Mr.Johnson preferred _ heavier work to do.A.to be given B.to be giving C.to have given D.having given,例 The party wa
6、s successful,but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.invite B.to invite C.inviting D.to have invited,注意：一些系动词，如appear,come,fail,get,happen,prove,seem,turn out等后面接不定式。,例Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfor theoldcouple,butitremains_ whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseen C.seeingD.seen,D.作宾语补足语在主动语态中作宾
7、语补足语 I like you to do it this way.Please ask John to turn on the light.,b.在被动语态的句子中成为主语补足语 We are advised to wait.They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.E.作定语a.动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面：He said he had an important meeting to attend.,b.如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词：Give me a piece of paper to
8、 write on.He is looking for a room to live in.c.有些名词常用不定式作定语Before liberation he had no chance to go to school.Our teacher had no time to think about rest.She was the first(person)to think of the idea.,例The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be
9、 sat on例Would you please give me a piece of paper _?A.to write B.to write on C.to write withD.to be written,不定式作定语 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作。,1)The meeting _ next week is of great importance.(hold),to be held,例If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will b
10、e fined.A.being completed B.is completed C.to be completed D.completed例First he made a list of the names of those _.Then he began to write the invitation cards.A.invited B.being invitedC.to be invited D.having been invited,作状语a.作目的状语 He sat down to have a rest.They went there to visit their teacher.
11、b.作结果状语 He woke up to find everybody gone.My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.,c.在某些表示喜，怒，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语：I am very glad to see you.I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.d.在带有enough 或too的句子中，作状语，表示程度 He was too excited not to say a few words.She is too tired to do the job.He is old
12、 enough to go to school.,例 _ a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.A.To become B.Become C.One becomes D.On becoming例-Why are they pulling down the houses?-_ a new parking lot.Build B.To build C.Building D.Built,3.不定式省略 to 的情况在 feel,listen to,make,let,have,see,lo
13、ok at,watch,notice,observe 等词后，接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语B.在Would rather(would sooner,had rather,had sooner)than,rather than 等结构的than 之后用不带to的动词不定式：I know better than do such a thing.He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.,C.在以Why引导的疑问句中用省略 to的不定式：Why worry about it?Why not you go
14、 there by bike?D.在Cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot help but 之后接不带to的不定式 I cannot but admire his courage.,E.在but,except,besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带 to的不定式，否则带to:I have no choice but to accept the fact.What do you like to do besides swim.F.为了避免重复，不定式可省去 to Im really puzzled what to think or say.,
