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1、第一篇 语法专题,Unit 1 动词的时态和语态,.经典范文背诵作文题目：(2010高考全国卷)假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办 一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。,.词汇短语储备 abandon vt.丢弃，离弃 遗弃，抛弃 放弃 abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的 abolish vt.废除，取消 abrupt adj.突然的，意外的(举止、言谈等)唐突的，鲁莽的 absolute adj.十足的，地道的 不受任何限制约束的 绝对的，完全的 absurd adj.荒唐的，可笑的
2、 abundant adj.丰富的，富裕的 academy n.C学会，研究院(中等以上)专门学校,accelerate v.(使)加快，(使)增速 accommodation n.常pl.住处，膳宿 accumulate vt.积累，积聚 vi.累积，聚积 accuracy n.U准确(性)，精确(性)acquire vt.取得，获得，学到 addicted adj.沉溺于某种嗜好中的 adequate adj.充足的，足够的 胜任的，适当的 administration n.U经营，支配，管理 常sing.管理部门，行 政机关，政府 U实行，执行,模块高考体验品真题A组2010年,5(北京
3、卷)Im sorry,but I dont quite follow you.Did you say youwanted to return on September 20?Sorry,I _ myself clear.We want to return on October 20.Ahadnt made Bwouldnt make Cdont make Dhavent made 解析：句意：抱歉，我不太明白你的意思。你刚才是说你们要 在9月20日返回吗？对不起，是我没有表述清楚。我们要在10 月20日返回。考查动词的时态。根据句意可以看出“没有表述清楚”是当前的一种情况，是说话人做过的事情对
4、现在的一种影响，D项 是现在完成时，表明现在的情况和影响，符合题意。A项为过去完 成时；B项表示过去常常，与语境不符；C项为一般现在时，表示 通常情况下都如此，也不符合语境。答案：D,12(重庆卷)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973.Ahad come Bhas come Ccame Dcomes 解析：考查时态，主句用的是现在完成时，since引导的状语从句 用过去时。答案：C13(重庆卷)The palace caught fires three times
5、in the last century,and little of the original building _ now.Aremains Bis remained Cis remaining Dhas been remained 解析：句意：该宫殿在上世纪曾三次失火，现在原始的建筑物所剩 无几。考查动词时态和语态。remain是不及物动词，没有被动式或 进行时，故排除B、C和D，而选择A。答案：A,14(浙江卷)For many years,people _ electric cars.However,making them has been more difficult than pre
6、dicted.Ahad dreamed of Bhave dreamed of Cdreamed of Ddream of 解析：句意：多年以来，人们都梦想着电力汽车的出现。但是，制造 电力汽车比预想的要更加复杂。考查动词时态。根据时间状语 for many years可知句子为完成时，故排除C、D；句子并没有过去的 时间或过去的动作，因此不存在“过去的过去”，排除A。故 选B项。答案：B,15(山东卷)Up to now,the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.Awould save Bsaves C
7、had saved Dhas saved 解析：句意：迄今为止，这个项目己经救了好几千名孩子。如果没有这个项目，这些孩子早就死了。up to now相当于 by now，要与现成完成时连用。答案：D,B组2009年1(全国卷)His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard of 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。语意为：他姐姐在1998年 离开了家，此后人们再也没有听到她的消息。根据句意可 知应用被动语态，句中
8、的since暗示应用现在完成时，因此 答案为B。答案：B,2(全国卷)Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.Awas Bhad been Chas been Dwill be 解析：考查动词的时态。so far“到目前为止”，常用于现在 完成时态。语意：迄今为止，进展非常顺利，我们相信这项 工作能够按时完成。答案：C,3(北京卷)Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being.Acam
9、e Bwas coming Chad come Dwould come 解析：考查动词的时态。主句的时态是一般现在时，由此可知 是在现在叙述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。Come into being表示“形成；开始存在”，无被动形式。答案：A,4(四川卷)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _.Ahas repaired Bis repaired Cis being repaired Dwill be repaired 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。语意：为什么我们不选择那条 路节约时间？去那儿的桥正在维修。
10、这里用现在进行时的被 动语态表示桥正在被修。答案：C,5(天津卷)My parents _ in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.Alive Blived Cwere living Dwill live 解析：考查动词的时态。由第二句“我的父母生于香港，且迄今 为止从未在他处居住过”可知，他们一直居住在香港，现在仍 然是，指的是现实情况，故用一般现在时。答案：A,6(安徽卷)Daniels family _ their holiday in Huang shan this time next w
11、eek.Aare enjoying Bare to enjoy Cwill enjoy Dwill be enjoying 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语this time next week 可知，这里表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以要用将来进 行时。答案：D,7(浙江卷)Over the past decades，sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.Ahad decreased Bdecreased Chas been decreasing Dis decreasing 解析：考查动词的时态。由从句中的o
12、ver the past decades可知，此 处应该用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在并将 持续下去。答案：C,8(福建卷)According to the literary review，Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language in his plays.Awill make Bhad made Cwas making Dmakes 解析：考查动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观真理，用一般现在时，选D。答案：D,9(重庆卷)She stared at the painting，wondering where s
13、he _ it.Asaw Bhas seen Csees Dhad seen 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，see这一动作发生在 谓语动词stared表示的动作之前，而stared是一般过去时，所 以这里要用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。答案：D,10(江苏卷)Ann is in hospital.Oh，really？I _ know.I _ go and visit her.Adidnt；am going to Bdont；would Cdont；will Ddidnt；will 解析：考查动词的时态。从对话内容可知，说话人在说话前 不知道Ann 在住院，因此第一空应该使用一般过去时
14、。去医 院看她是临时做出的决定或安排，因此，第二空使用will。be going to则表示在说话前已经安排好要做某事，这与对话 矛盾，故选项A错误。答案：D,1.一般现在时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。We always care for each other and help each other.表示现在存在的状态。The Yangtze River rises in Qinghai.表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等。Light travels faster than sound.Actions speak louder than words.,2现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行
15、的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。Hes showing a foreign guest round the city.Were practising spoken English this week.3一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或情况。When will you be able to give us an answer?4一般过去时 表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情，动作或情况(包括 习惯性动作)。He worked in the factory for 3 years.表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。She often came to help us.常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的
16、时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。When did the accident happen?,5现在完成时 表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在的影响。We have lived separately since last year.某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。如：lately，so far，in/over/for the past/last few years等。I havent had enough sleep lately.The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted.6过去进行时 表
17、示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。What were you doing at nine last night?常用过去进行时来描述故事发生的背景。One day，we were walking along a road.Suddenly.,7过去完成时 表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。By the end of June we had treated 30,000 patients.在主从复合句中，如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，这一动作要用过去完成时。When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.8过去将来时 表示从过去某时
18、看将来要发生的事情。The time was not far off when he would regret this decision.表示过去习惯性的动作。Whenever he had time，he would help them in their work.,9现在完成进行时 表示一直持续到现在，还可能进行下去的动作。How long has it been raining?表示某动作持续时间太长，有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。I have been sitting here all afternoon.10过去完成进行时 表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。It had been rai
19、ning for two days.The fields were all under water.11将来进行时 表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。I wont be free on Friday morning.Ill be seeing a friend off.12将来完成时 表示将来某时已完成的动作。By this time next year well have turned all the land into rice fields.,1.一般现在时 表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作，主要指由时刻表、日程 表规定循环进行的动作。When does the train stop at
20、 Jinan?在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时 表示将来。Ill write to her when I have time.Ill have a good time whether I win or lose.make sure，take care，mind，it doesnt matter，I dont care 后跟that从句时，从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。We must take care that no one sees us.It doesnt matter where we go on holiday.,3一般将来时 表示倾向性动作。Oil will
21、float on water.Crops will die without water.This machine wont work.机器不能运转了。Whats the matter with the pen？The ink wont come out.钢笔怎么啦？墨水不出了。表示临时的决定、即刻的打算。“I hear Wang Ling is ill in hospital.”“Then Ill go to see her.”,小贴士：wont可用来表示“不能，没法”，表示主体不具有某种功能。,4一般过去时 I didnt know，I didnt mean，I thought等表示“原来不
22、知 道”“本没想”“原以为”。Sorry，but I didnt mean to hurt you.用于虚拟语气中。It is time that we went to bed.,固定句式或结构中的动词时态,1.This/It is the first/second timethat从句。that从句中用现在完成时。如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。This is the first time I have come here.It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.2It is/has been一段时间since
23、 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。如 把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.3was/were about to do.when.意为“将要做(这时)突然”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.,时态的区别,1.一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况，与现在没有什么 联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去 开始持续到现在的动作或情况，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与for或sin
24、ce短语连用。I didnt see her last week.我上周没有见到她。I havent seen her since last week.自上周以来我一直未见过她。人们在谈论一个话题时，常常用现在完成时提出该话题，然后用 一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等。“I have got a headache.”“No wonder.You worked in front of that computer too long.”“Have you shown him around the museum yet？”“Yes.We had a great time there
25、.”,一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别是：一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间，但在过去某个时间就已终止；现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在，还没有终止。I have lived in London for many years，and Ive got used to the life there.I lived in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.,2一般过去时与过去完成时 一般过去时多与last year，yesterday
26、,3 years ago等表示过去的时 间状语连用；过去完成时多与by the end of last year，the day before,3 years before等时间状语连用。A cold wind started yesterday evening.A cold wind was blowing from the north.It had started the evening before.过去完成时一般不单独使用，上下文中通常要有另一个过去的动 作相比较。即：当一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前时，该动作 才能用过去完成时。John planned to spend 3,000
27、 for his wedding.John spent 3,000 more than he had planned for his wedding.The girl next to me on the plane was nervous.She hadnt flown before.比较：The girl next to me on the plane is nervous.She hasnt flown before.,谓语动词的语态,1.被动语态的构成一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：was/were done一般将来时：shall/will be done 现在进行时
28、：am/is/are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done 过去将来时：should/would be done 现在完成时：has/have been done 过去完成时：had been done2“get过去分词”构成的被动语态 His car got damaged in a road accident.In the end this story got translated into English.,3主动语态表示被动意义 系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear形容词/名词构成的系表结构。The
29、steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.某些动词，如：read，write，sell，wash，wear，lock，dry等可 用主动语态表示被动意义，通常表明主语的某种属性或特征，一 般带有一个副词作修饰语。This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快。,模块难点突破课内练1Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be ma de
30、 if food shortage _ avoided.Ais to beBcan be Cwill be Dis 解析：此句中用“be不定式”表示按计划、安排要发生的事。答案：A2Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea，which _ the Pacific，and we met no storms.Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 解析：描述客观事实，无论句中为何时态，都要选用一般现在 时。答案：B,3My train arriv
31、es in Shanghai at 10 this morning.The plane I would like to take from there _ by then.Ais leaving Bwill have left Chas left Dwill leave 解析：句中出现by表时间的词组时，句中应用完成时，本 句表示的“到那时”还未发生，故用将来完成时。答案：B4I hear you have an experience in the Royal Air Force.Is that true?Yes.I _ in the Royal Air Force for six years
32、.Aserved Bhad served Cjoined Dhave joined 解析：此处served表示“曾在军中服役”，选项D中join为短 暂性动词，不可与一段时间状语连用。答案：A,5Why did you make the kite of cloth instead of paper?Because paper _ easily.Ais torn Bwill be torn Ctears Dtore 解析：tear 表示“撕，易撕开”时，不用被动。答案：C6He traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor childr
33、en out of school.This experience _ his life.Awould change Bhad changed Cwas to change Dwas changing 解析：be to change his life，表示“注定要改变他的人生”。答案：C,7Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?Yes，thats why I _ to work by train.Ahave gone Bhave been going Cwas going Dwill have gone 解析：“have been doing”为现在完成进
34、行时，表示现在以前 这段时间一直进行的一个动作。答案：B8I wont be available between 4 and 5.I _ an important meeting.Ahave had Bhave Cwould have Dwill be having 解析：句意：4点到5点期间我没有空。我将开一个重要的会 议。4、5点钟之间是将来时间段，期间正在开会。故D最佳。答案：D,9The Amazon Valley is very important to the natural balance of the earth.Forty percent of the worlds oxyg
35、en _ there.Aproduces Bis produced Chas produced Dhas been produced 解析：题干讲述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时；此外，氧 气是被制造出来，故用被动语态。答案：B10Excuse me？Is Mr.Brown living here?Sorry.He _ to some other place.Ais moving Bmoved Chas moved Dhad moved 解析：句意：打扰了，布朗先生住在这里吗？抱歉，他 已经搬到其他地方了。现在已经搬走了，强调对现在造成的 影响。答案：C,11May I borrow your
36、dictionary?How terrible！I _ to take it with me.Awas forgetting Bhad forgotten Cforgot Dforget 解析：忘记带来是过去发生的事情，现在已经知道了。故用 一般过去时。答案：C12Are you still waiting for Mr.Brown?Yes.He _ to a student for almost an hour.Awas talking Bhad been talking Cis talking Dhas been talking 解析：布朗老师已经跟学生谈了几乎一个小时了，而且此 时还在谈
37、着。故用现在完成进行时最佳。答案：D,13How was your weekend，Joshua?Awful！That was the first time I _ alone at home，bored to death.Ahas left Bhad left Chas been left Dhad been left 解析：第几次做某事常用完成时态，而且由句意可知是第一次被 独自留在家里，故用过去完成时的被动形式。答案：D14I thought I asked you to fix the radio，Michael.Oh，Im sorry，Mother.I _ it right now.
38、Aam to do Bwas about to do Cwill do Dam going to do 解析：will do表示主观意图，而且是刚刚决定好的事情；be going to表示计划做某事，打算做某事；be to do表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事。由句意可知，C最佳。答案：C,15How do you find my idea?Sorry，but my mind was not on what you were saying and Im afraid I _ it.Awas missing Bhad missed Cwill miss Dmissed 解析：没有听到说
39、的话是刚才的事情，故用一般过去时。答案：D16Is there any possible way to help them get rid of such a bad habit?To tell the truth，its very hard.But we _ on this problem.Aworked Bhad worked Care working Dhad been working 解析：我们一直在处理这个问题。用现在进行时，表示一直在进 行的动作。答案：C,17I thought I _ my cell phone somewhere.But it is on the back s
40、eat of my car.Ahad lost Bwould lose Chave lost Dlose 解析：丢手机发生在想之前，故是过去的过去。A正确。答案：A18What a shame！When we got to the cinema，the movie Mei Lanfang _，so we saw only the end of it.Ahad just finished Bwas finishing Cwould finish Djust finished 解析：根据后面的we saw only the end of it可知，我们到 电影院时，电影就要结束了。看电影是过去的事
41、情，因此 用过去进行时表示过去将要完成的动作。答案：B,19I have to go to school by bus today because my bike _.Ahas been repaired Bis repairing Cwas repaired Dis being repaired 解析：句意：我今天不得不乘公交车上学，因为我的自行车 正在被修理。所以用进行时的被动语态形式。答案：D20I dont think we have met before.Yes，once at a party，but we _.Adidnt introduce Bwerent introduced Chavent introduced Dwerent introducing 解析：once at a party是过去某个时间，故用一般过去时；而 且是相互没有被介绍，故用被动语态。答案：B,单击此处进入 晚自习作业,
