反义疑问句感叹句.ppt

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1、,反意疑问句(13.22 37 39 51),(26)感叹句,倒装句(75),13.-You have seen the film The Dead Reading,havent you?-_ever.Im not interested in that at all.A.No,what a pity B.No,I havent C.Yes.I like it D.Yes,its boring37.-You arent a professional athlete,are you?-_.I am just a football fan.Yes,Iam B.No.Im not C.Of cours

2、e D.Sometimes39.-Kate didnt go to the party yesterday,did she?-_.She was ill in bed.A.No,she didnt B.Yes,she didnt C.I dont care D Im not sure51.-Lucy didnt come to school yesterday,did she?-_ though she was not feeling very well.A.No,she didnt B.Yes,she did C.Yes,she didnt D No,she did,C,B,A,B,反意疑问

3、句的答语1.肯定反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:It isnt cheap,is it?Yes,it is.“它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”He doesnt love her,does he?No,he doesnt.“他不爱她,是吗?”“是的,他不爱她。”2.否定反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:Its new,isnt it?Yes,it is.“是新的,对吗?”“对,是新的。”He wants to go,doesnt he?No,he doesnt

4、.“他想去,对吗?”“不,他不想去。”3.回答反意疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep,arent you?你应回答No,Im not.因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You arent asleep,are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No,Im not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes,Im not.也不能回答成 Yes,I am.,22.I told you not to be late again,John,_ I?A.do B.did C.dont D.didnt,D,注意 含有

5、不定式否定形式的反意疑问句的反意部分在否定形式前。,反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问句部分要与前面陈述句用逗号隔开,句末用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构,反意疑问部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。此问句可用yes 或no 来回答。反意疑部分的主语要用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与前句一致。,反意疑问句,1 反意疑问句部分主语及谓语的确定反意疑问句部分主语及谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据,尤其要注意一些特殊的情况,同时,简略问句部分的主语一般应用人称代词,而动词若为否定形式则一般应用缩略形式。(1)陈述部分含有never,f

6、ew,little,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,tooto等表示否定意义的词的其反意疑问句应用肯定形式。如:There are few people in the room,are there?房间里几乎没有人,是吗?如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,陈述部分作肯定句处理,疑问部分一般仍用否定形式,He was unsuccessful,wasnt he?,(2)陈述句部分是“There be”结构时,反意疑问句部分用“be there”。如:There is a tree in front of the building,isnt there?大楼门前有

7、一棵树,是吗?,(3)当陈述部分的主语为指事(物)的不定代词something,anything,everything等时,反意疑问句的主语应用it。如:Something is wrong with your computer,isnt it?你的电脑出毛病了,是吗?(4)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody等时,反意疑问句的主语可用he或they,但不可用it来代替。如:Somebody wants to see you,doesnt he(dont they)?有人要见你,是吗?(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that等时,反意疑问部分的

8、主语应用it。类似地,当陈述部分的主语为these,those等时,反意疑问部分的主语应用they。同时,陈述部分为肯定形式时,反意疑问句部分应用否定形式,反之亦然。如:This is a beautiful picture,isnt it?这是一幅美丽的图画,是吗?Those arent apple trees,are they?那些不是苹果树,是吗?,(6)当陈述部分动词为have(has)时有下列几种情况:1 have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意,反意疑问句的谓语可用have也可用助动词do。如:Tom has a new watch,hasnt/doesnt he?汤姆有块新表,是吗?

9、2 have to表示“不得不”“必须”之意时,反意疑问句的谓语应用助动词do。如:Kate has to help her mother at home,doesnt she?凯特不得不在家帮她妈妈,是吗?3 have表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时,其反意疑问句的谓语应用助动词do。如:They had a a good time in Beijing,didnt they?他们在北京玩得很愉快,是吗?,4 had better表示“最好”之意,当其用在陈述部分时,反意疑问句的谓语动词应用had。如:Wed better stop talking,hadnt we?我们最好停止说话,好吗?

10、5.have用在完成时中,其反意疑问句的谓语动词应用have。如:Lucy has ever been to Japan,hasnt she?露西曾经去过日本,是吗?,(7)当陈述部分含有need时,如果need用作行为动词,则反意疑问句的动词应用do;如果need用作情态动词,则反意疑问句的动词应用need。如:We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00,dont we?我们需要在七点到达上海,是吗?We neednt leave at once,need we?我们不必马上离开,是吗?(8)当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,用下列几种情况:1.must表示“

11、必须”之意,反意疑问句的谓语用neednt。如:They must come on time,neednt they?你们必须准时到,是吗?2.但是若陈述部分有mustnt表示禁止,疑问部分要must:You mustnt laugh,must you?你不准笑,知道吗?3.must表示推测,“一定,想必”之意,反意疑问句的谓语动词的确定应根据must后面的动词。如:That man must be Mr.Wang,isnt he?那个人想必是王先生,是吗?,(9)当陈述部分为I am形式时,反意疑问句部分应该用arent I。如:Im right,arent I?我是对的,对吗?(10)肯定

12、的祈使句的反意疑问句可以用will you或wont you,否定的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。如:Listen to me carefully,will/wont you?仔细听我说,好吗?Dont play with fire,will you?不要玩火,好吗?(11)以lets开头的祈使句,反意疑问句应用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,反意疑问句应用will you。如:Lets go to the park,shall we?让我们去公园,好吗?Let us help you,will you?让我们来帮你,好吗?(12)陈述句部分若为主从复合句,反意疑问部分的

13、主语通常与主句的主语一致。如:She said he would come tomorrow,didnt she?她说他明天会来,是吗?,注意:若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等,则反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致。(应特别注意否定的转移)如:I think he is a good student,isnt he?我认为他是一个好学生,是吗?We dont think you are right,are you?我们认为你不对,是吗?,七、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句1.当陈述部分是Im时,疑问部分通常

14、用arent I:Im wrong,arent I?我错了,是吗?Im older than you,arent I?我年纪比你大,对不对?2.当陈述部分是I wish时,疑问部分通常用may I:I wish to go with them,may I?我想同他们一起去,可以吗?,感叹句一般用来表示说话人的强烈的感情,常用的感叹句有How和What引导的两种结构。同学们在变感叹句时,往往分不清用how还是用what。我们可以教学生一个绝招:“一分、二判、三变”。保证好用。让我们先来看一看常用的感叹句型:How+形容词+主语+(谓语)动词!How+副词+主语+(谓语)动词!What+a/an+

15、形容词+可数名词单数+主语+(谓语)动词!What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+(谓语)动词!What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+(谓语)动词!,感叹句,26._ the boy is to learn to talk!A.How slow B.How slowly C.What a slow D.What a slow way,A,主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语,能用这类结构中的形容词在“深层结构”中往往变成了副词。例如:He is quick to take offence(生气).=He takes offence quickly.本题需要还原成:The boy is slow

16、 to learn to talk.,由以上句型可以看出,what在感叹句中作定语修饰名词。how作状语修饰形容词与副词。而 主语和、(谓语)动词以陈述句语序放在句尾(有时可以省略)。我们就从这里作为突破口,采用“一分、二判、三变”的方法来变感叹句。具体步骤如下:一分:从动词后将句子一分为二。1.This is a very good book.2.This book is very good.3.They are working so hard.,二判:判断所感叹部分有无名词。如有,用what,反之用how。(如果原句中有very,so,quite等,同时去掉。)1.This is a ve

17、ry good book.判断心得:有名词,用what。2.This book isvery good.判断心得:无名词,用how。3.They are working so hard.判断心得:无名词,用how。,三变:将how,what与所修饰的词放在句首,主语和(谓语)动词随后边。主语和动词是缩写词的须变成完全式。如:Its it is.别忘了感叹号哦!1.Its a very good book.What a good book(it is)!2.This book isvery good.How good this book is!3.They are working so hard

18、.How hard they are working!,另:what和how有时可以互相转化,这时要注意冠词与代词的用法;What感叹句中单数可数名词前一般为不定冠词a/an,而不用the;转换成How感叹句时,该名词前一般用定冠词the,以表特指;What感叹句中主语是代词,而How感叹句中主语是名词。如:What a big fish(it is)!=How big the fish is!(或:How big a fish(it is)!),如何在选择题中判断what how,方法一:凡是有a an 开头的,多用 what;方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用 what;方法三:其他一般

19、用 how,倒装句,一般来说,句子按照“主语+谓语”的顺序排列,叫做自然语序。有时为了强调突出某一部分或保持句子的平衡结构,从而使句子语序变为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为完全倒装(整个谓语在前),或部分倒装(情态动词,助动词,联系动词)在前,其次是主语+谓语。,完全倒装,1.在there,here引导的句子中,谓语是be,exist,stand等表示状态的不及物动词。,There seems something wrong with it.There lies a deep pond at the foot of the hill.Here are coats for young people.T

20、here lived a girl named Sherry.,2.在语气词there,here开头的句子里,谓语动词是come,go。,There goes the bell!Here comes your husband.Here are the books.,如主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。,There you go again.Here you are.,3.副词now,then,thus,引导的句子里,谓语是come,follow,begin,end,be等。Now comes your turn!Then followed a shot of gun.Thus ended the m

21、eeting.,4.在in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back作状语置于句首时,谓语动词是come,go,rush,run等不及物动词。,The door opened and in came Mr.Smith,our headmaster.Over turned the huge stone.Down drops the meat into the foxs mouth.Away rushed the prisoner.,部分倒装,1.在疑问句中,What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?,注意,What do you

22、think the two cheats pretended to be doing?,What makes you so angry?,4.否定词hardly,never,seldom,little,scarcely,rarely,no,in no time,by no means置于句首时。,Never before have I met him.Seldom did the boy read newspaperIn no time did they catch the bus.Little do I know about what he said.,6.only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语

23、从句放于句首时,主句要倒装。Only then did I know I was wrong.Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.,7.在以often,always,once,many a time,now and then,every other day,then等做状语并位于句首时。Often did I speak of him before.Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.,8.sothat/suchthat中so+adj./adv或such.提前到句

24、首时,前面的部分用倒装语序。(主句)a.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.b.So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.,重点句型,So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语Neither+助动词/be动词/情态+主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适合用于后面的人和物意思是某人(物)也是这样。这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前面的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。,so+助动词/be动词/情

25、态动词+主语 它依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人。,neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语它依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人。,注意 so的部分倒装 so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词表示的确如此.例如:Its terribly cold today,isnt it?-Yes._ today.A.so it is B.so is it.,75.-Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday?-If I dont go,_.A.so does he B.so he will C.neithe

26、r will he D.neither does he,倒装句中含有主从复合句,主从复合句在这里需要主将从现,C,2.-what is your hobby?-_ collecting balls,I also like different kinds of CDs.A.Besides B.Except C.Beside D.About,except 不包括被排除的部分.eg.We went to see a film except Li ping.(Li ping 没去)besides 包括排除部分We also went to see a film besides Li ping.(Li

27、ping 也去了,关键常all,also,too.other等词暗示)except for 排除一点肯定全部,常带有惋惜的意味,而且最好区别的是被排除的部分与前面的名词肯定不是一类事物.Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.(mistakes 与前面的composition 不是一类事物)但是在否定句里,except 与besides 相等.如:Nobody knows the news besides/except Li ping.排除不排除都一样了.(咋说都是只有李平自己知道.but(除 外)与no one,n

28、one,nothing 连用。与 who 连用。,A,3.A latest football magazine,please!-Only one copy left.Would you like to take _,sir?A.one B.it C.this D.them,B,在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one,ones,that和those。,替代词one和ones的用法:1one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如:My child doesnt like this bookShow he

29、r a more interesting one 2替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例如:,I dont like this bookId like a more interesting one 3当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before 4当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that,which和

30、序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:This book is much better than that(one)5替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peters one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:My cheap camera seems to be just as good as Johns expensive one,6one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说:He put down

31、 his gun and picked up the one of Henry 该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henrys 7当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:Dont praise the younger child in the presence of the elder 8替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,onea单数名词。例如:A cake made of wheat costs less than one m

32、ade of rice(one a cake)one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:Here are a few applesWould you like some(some of them)?,II替代词that和those的用法:1that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。例如:The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor 2that

33、也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。例如:The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one 以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。3that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。例如:The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with 该句中的the one不能换成that。,4that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the 单数名词

34、”,不可替代“a单数名词”。例如:The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain(thatthe song。song为可数名词。)请注意,这里说的that只替代“the 单数名词”,不可替代“a单数名词,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the 单数名词。例如:In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden 在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。例如:The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s,

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