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1、句子基本结构：1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（1）smoothly,the，machine,works.(2)they,take,a short rest,stopped,to.(3)by,he,is,standing,the，window.,The machine works smoothly.,They stopped to take a short rest.,He is standing by the window.,本句型中，谓语能够表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语状语从句等。,1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）,请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.我们学习很
2、努力。2.他们谈了半个小时。3.五年前我住在北京。4.他昨晚很晚回家。5.这支笔书写流利。,We study very hard.,They talked for half an hour.,I lived in Beijing five years ago.,He went home late last night.,The pen writes smoothly.,句子基本结构：2.主语+系动词+表语,本句型中,做表语的典型词类是形容词，名词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等也可以做表语。,常见的系动词有：（1）系动词be（2）表示“起来的”感官系动词，如look,sound,smell,ta
3、ste,feel,seem,appear等。（3）表示变化的系动词，如become,get,turn,grow,come,go,fall,run等。（4）表示持续的系动词，如remain,keep,stay,lie等。,（1）is,he，boy,a.(2)look,fine,you.(3)became,weather,warmer,the.(4)for,the,reason,failure,was,my,that I hadnt put my heart into my studies.,He is a boy.,You look fine.,The weather became warmer
4、.,The reason for my failure was that I hadnt put my heart into my studies.,句子基本结构：2.主语+系动词+表语,1.他突然病倒了。2.他静静地站着。3.她的工作是照看儿童。4.那就是他居住的地方。5.窗户坏了。,He suddenly fell ill.,He stood there quietly.,Her job is to take care of children.,That is where he lives.,The window was broken.,句子基本结构：3.主语+及物动词+宾语,玛丽喜欢音乐
5、。enjoys,Mary,music.他爱她。her,he,loves.我想得到您的帮助。want,get,help,to,I,your.我认为他不对。think,I,dont,he is right,that.,Mary enjoys music.,He loves her.,I want to get your help.,I dont think that he is right.,及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句等。,句子基本结构：3.主语+及物动词+宾语,1.他拒绝帮他们。2.我想喝杯茶。3.我忘记帮你
6、买那本书了。4.当妈妈进来的时候，他假装正在阅读。5.这课室需要清洁了。,句子基本结构：4.主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾,汤姆给了我一本书。me,Tom,book,a,gave.他给她提供了一份工作。her,offered,job,he,a.妈妈给我买了条裙子。a,skirt,bought,mother,my,me.,Tom gave me a book.,He offered her a job.,My mother bought me a skirt.,句子基本结构：5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补,我们选李阳做我们的班长。Li Yang,our,elected,we,monitor.这新闻使
7、我伤心。sad,the,me,made,news.他鼓励我努力学习。to,he,study,encouraged,hard,me.,We elected Li Yang our monitor.,The news made me sad.,He encouraged me to study hard.,有些及物动词本身只跟宾语还不可以表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分。做宾补的可以是形容词、名词、副词、动名不定式、分词等。,句子基本结构：5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补,1.他拒绝帮他们。2.我想喝杯茶。3.我忘记帮你买那本书了。4.当妈妈进来的时候，他假装正在阅读。5.这课室需要清洁了。,
