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1、英语句子成分和五大基本句型,句 子 成 分Members of a Sentence,一、重要性,学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。,*句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种：_和_,主语（subject）、,谓语（predicate）、,表语（predicative）、,宾语（object）、,定语（attribute）、,状语(adverbial),补语（complement）。,主语-动作的执行者或句子谈论的对象,underline the subjects of ea
2、ch sentence.Walls have ears.He likes football.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is harmful to our health.Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.,名词,代词,数词,to do不定式,doing动名词,句子(主语从句),谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Tom loves Chinese culture.Action speaks louder t
3、han words.Our school is very beautiful.The chance may never come again.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 2008.,动词/动词短语,谓语-说明主语“干什么”“是什么”,（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。,Father bought me a book.I love you.Do you mind opening the window?Give me four please.He wants to dream a nic
4、e dream.We need know what others are doing.Chuck realized that he was wrong.,动词（短语）,介词,名词 n,代词 pron,动名词,代词和数词,to do不定式,句子(宾语从句),My father is a professor.Whos that?Its me.You are beautiful.The match became very exciting.Three times five is fifteen.To see is to believe.My advice was that you should go
5、 home first.,三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.,系动词、连系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词 n,代词 pron,形容词 adj,adj,数词,to do不定式,句子(表语从句),表语-表明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,（五）定语 是修饰_ 词.单词作定语时通常放在名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。,They are woman workers.Toms father is a teacher.Mary is a beautiful girl.China is a developing country.I have nothing to ea
6、t.The man who helps us is our new teacher.,名/代,前,后,名词,名词所有格,形容词 adj,现在分词 doing,to do 不定式,从句(定语从句),六）状语 表示行为发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、伴随情况等。,we have lessons in the classroom.I tell him this yesterday.Im late because of the heavy rain.We come here to learn English.The parents died in the earthquake,leav
7、ing the child alone.The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,so will I.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.,地点,时间状语,原因,目的,结果状语,伴随,条件状语,让步状语,七）补足语。英语有些句子，有了主谓宾之外，还要加上（主语）宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,We call this computer.We try to make our country strong.We found it usefulI saw him go
8、ing upstairs.He was named Jack by his father.,主语补足语,主语-动作的执行者或句子谈论的对象,谓语-说明主语“干什么”“是什么”,宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。一般放在动词/介词之后（动宾/介宾）,表语-表明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,定语-用来修饰名词多数有adj./n 充当。的,状语 表示行为发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、伴随情况等。,补足语-用来补充说明（主语）宾语是什么，怎么样,划分下列句子的成分,1)Father told me an funny story last night.2)Peter send me
9、a card through the computer3)That was a wonderful film.4)I find it hard to work out this problem.5)Lets make it a rule to read English everyday.6)He was named Jack by his father.7)You cant leave unless you finish your homework.,二.五种简单基本句型,主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补,动词,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主+系+表,主+谓,1）I am a s
10、tudent.主 系 表语2）The city will become rich.主语 系动词 表语3)The food tastes nice4)The old house stay the same.5)He turned out to be a thief.,1主+系+表,在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：_“感官”类:_.“持续”类：_.其他：（似乎）_ _(证明是)_,get/become/turn/grow/go,taste/smell/feel/look/sound,stay/keep/remain,Seem appear,主语+turn out/prove(to be)
11、+adj./n,Exercises,你的故事听起来很有趣。_把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.这种雨天将会持续几天。_.这个计划证明是可行的。_,Your story sounds very interesting.,Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.,The rainy day will remain/stay/keep a few days.,The plan turned out（to be)practical.,2主语+谓语,1）the sun rises.主 谓2）The train leaves at 7:40.主 谓_搭配
12、：The teacher teaches well.The child walks very slowly._搭配：The girl looked at the picture.The children ran to the forest.,动词副词,动词介词,我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴._.,Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.,The birds sings happily in the tree,the fish plays
13、freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.,3主语+谓语+宾语,1）Tom loves Chinese culture.主 谓 宾 2)My brother sells computer.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently.,他昨天买了五本书。_他拿出一支笔，然后递给我。_.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.,He bought five books yesterday.,He took out
14、 a pen and handed it to me.,He promised to give me a gift.,4主+谓+间宾(人)+直宾（物）,1）He has given us some advice.主 谓 间宾 直宾2）Mother cooked us a nice meal.主 谓 间宾 直 宾 3）The boy told the girl that he was right.4)Tony sent me an e-mail.,可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise g
15、ive sb.sth.=give sth to sb.,顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.父亲给我讲了歌有趣的故事。_.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.递给我字典,By the way,has she paid you money?,Father told me an interesting story.,Mr.White told me why he went abroad.,Pass me the dictionary,please.,5主+谓+宾+宾补,1）I find English difficult to learn.主 谓 宾 宾语补足语 2）The teacher k
16、eep him in the classroom.3）We found him an honest guy.4）She let me stay in the company.5)We elected him our monitor.,我发现手机很有用。_我建议他多读点书。_ 我听见她唱歌。_我们选他当队长。_我觉得学好英语很有必要.,I found the cellphone very useful,I advice him to read more books.,I heard her singing.,We made him captain.,I think it necessary to learn English well.,Thank you,
