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1、英语句子概论,英语句子的种类,简单句(simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,
2、I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,not only but also,neithernor,but,however,while,y
3、et,or,eitheror,for,so,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,Noun Clause,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about
4、the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。,1.At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2.She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus
5、 to run that far.4.She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.5.When we will start is not clear.6.I had no idea that you were her friend.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him.2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾
6、语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。,宾语从句的注意事项,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,if/whether(是否),特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.She says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.J
7、im thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that
8、you should read English aloud.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry(that)I dont know.Were sure(that)our team will win.Im afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。,Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.
9、Lets see if/whether we can find out some information about that city.She asked me if/whether she could borrow these books.,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当与or not连用时用whether,不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.c.动词不定式前用whether,注意 whether和if
10、的使用区别:,Practice time,if/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ I should go.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether/if,_ to go.,whether,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,w
11、hose when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who whom we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据
12、实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who lived here.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father
13、 would come back tomorrow.He said that he had seen it.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,I dont know what is the matter the troublewrong with him.,1.When will he go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to
14、the library.His brother asks when will he go to the library.,2.What does he want to buy?I dont know what he wants to buy.I dont know what does he want to buy.,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether2.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which 3.The
15、 teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A.that B.if C.when D.what time 4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.when B.where C.whether D.that,D,A,B,C,5.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how I could get the station D.how
16、I can reach the station6.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like7.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you live,C,B,D,8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.
17、who is it D.who it is 9.Could you tell me how long _?A.you have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China10.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go C.rains,wont go D.rain,will
18、go,B,C,D,Subject Clauses 主语从句,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。,1)That he will succeed is certain.2)Whether he will go there is not known.3)What he said is not true.4)Where he hid the money is unknown to us.5)Whoever comes is welcome.6)Its certain that he will succeed.,7)How we can help the twins will be discussed
19、at the meeting.,8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,一.由 that 引导that 无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that 不可省。1.That we shall be late is certain.2._ is known to all.(地球是圆的)3._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二 whether“if”不能引导主语从句三.疑问词,引导词,注意一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗
20、长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.That we shall be late is certain.-Its certain that we shall be late.1.That the earth is round is known to all.-2.That you missed the chance is a pity.-由连词 whether,连接代词 what,who,which和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导,也常常后置:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its kn
21、own to all that the earth is round.,注意二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ some books.,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)What you said yesterday is right.(2)That she is still alive is a puzzle.,注意三：What 与 that 引导主语从句,_ he ma
22、de an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How,2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging
23、to,4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词
24、之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem,连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what when/where/why/how/because,The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was la
25、te.,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。It is/was because.It is/was why.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is that,that.,1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Wheth
26、er3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when,同位语从句 1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggest order demand wish等2.常用连词：that;when,where,why
27、,how,e.g.1.消息传来，我们将要2天假。2.我们学生是否可以带手机问题任然在讨论中。,Word came that we will have a two-day holiday.,The question wheather we students can bring cell phones is still under discussion.,注意：1.同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义不可省。,2.在have no idea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。,I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I
28、 have no idea what he did.,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and te
29、achers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.,3.Te
30、enagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be giv
31、en more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.,比较：1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我们希望他们再来中国访问。,定语从句,同位语从句,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾
32、语等。同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“.的”连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2.The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.3.The fact that she works hard is well known
33、to us all.4.I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,1._made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A What/because B What/that C That/what D That/because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students
34、 showed interest in her lessons.A What/why B That/what C What/because D Why/that,B,A,B,3.He is absent from school.It is _ he is seriously ill.A.why B.because C.that D.the reason,4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5.Information has been put fo
35、rward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A that B how C where D what,D,A,6-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D where 7-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats _.A what makes me feel excited
36、B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited,A,A,._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A What B That C This D Which 10.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the
37、 monkey exactly _ he wants.A what B which C when D that 11.We made the suggestion that he _ his work.A continues B continue C continued D had continued,B,A,B,12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever13.Mary wrote an article on _ the tea
38、m had failed to win the game.why B.what C.who D.that(05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.(05)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever,14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut.and he B.was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear
39、when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.Which B.How C.What D.That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,1.Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A.where she had put B.where had she put C.where she has put D.where has
40、she put,2.The reason that he has been such a success _ he never gives up.A.is B.is because C.is that D.is what,3._ breaks the law should be punished.A Whoever b.No matter who c.anyone.d.who,4.That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away.A.why B.reason why C.how D.what5.Do _ you think is rig
41、ht _ difficulties you may have.A.what;however B.that;whatever C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.A.whether B.how C.where D.which,7.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B
42、.that C.what D.whether,8.Difficulty lies _ we have no money.A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fact that,10.I dont think the question _ they are old or young is important.A.which B.whether C.how D.why,13.The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.A.which
43、 B.when C.that D.how 14._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter15.I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car.A.which B.what C.when D.that,16.She received the message _ he would come by plane.A.that B.which C.what D.when17.Energy is _ makes
44、things work.A.what B.something C.anything D.that18.Our city has changed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A.what it used to be B.that it used to be C.which it used to be D.what was it,19.We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.A.where
45、ver B.where C.that D.that wherever20.The true value of life is not in _,but_.A.how you get;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get;what you give D.what do you get;what do you give21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It,
